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Biomedical subjects

H Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohta.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lymphoid cell subsets in normal human small intestine.

UNLABELLED: Nineteen specimens of normal tissue were obtained from the duodenum, upper jejunum and terminal ileum. Specimens were fixed with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde and then frozen sections were made. Lymphoid cell subsets were identified by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: There was a remarkable variation in the distribution of positive cells among individuals and even within single sections. Lymphoid cell subsets of the three parts of the small intestine were almost identical except for the difference in IgA subclasses of IgA-containing cells. IgA1 predominated over IgA2 in the jejunum while IgA2 predominated over IgA1 in the ileum. The subsets in the lamina propria (LP) and in the epithelium were clearly distinct; Leu 3+ (helper/inducer T) predominated in LP while Leu 2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T) predominated in the epithelium and no Ig-containing cells were found in the epithelium. In LP the mean ratio of Leu 1+ (pan T):IgA (IgA1 + IgA2) containing cells: IgM: IgG: IgD: IgE: HNK-1+ was 48.9: 36.6: 9.0: 1.8: 1.0: 0.3: 2.4. The staining patterns of HLA-DR+ and Leu 10+ were similar; dense in the top in LP of the villi. In some individuals the apical portion of epithelial cells was stained by anti-HLA-DR. A few positive cells were observed in only two out of 19 cases by anti IL-2R.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Definite spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity and HNK-1 cells in the human large intestine.

Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) and the marker of natural killer (NK) cells mediating SCMC of the human large intestine were studied. Lamina proprial lymphoid cells (LPL) were isolated by sequential dithiothreitol-EDTA-collagenase treatment of the gut specimen. SCMC was measured by the chromium release method. Target cells included P4788 in monolayer, a cell line derived from colon cancer, Chang cells in monolayer, and K562 in suspension. Target cells in monolayer including colon cancer cell line were chosen because they were thought to be more appropriate to assess SCMC for lymphoid cells in the solid organ. While lower compared to cytotoxicities (CT) by peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL), define CT were observed in LPL against all three targets. NK cells marker was studied both on LPL by an indirect fluorescent antibody method and on the gut tissue by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using anti HNK-1 monoclonal antibody which defines virtually all NK cells. HNK-1 positive (HNK-1 +) cells were identified in both methods. HNK-1 + cells were observed in the epithelium, lamina propria, and lymph follicle with or without germinal centers. These results clearly demonstrated the presence of SCMC and HNK-1 + cells in the human large bowel.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Factors affecting serum levels of CA 19-9 with special reference to benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.

In order to elucidate the factors affecting the serum levels of CA 19-9, we analyzed sera of 79 patients with pancreatic cancer and 169 with non-malignant diseases, chiefly consisting of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Serum CA 19-9 values in patients with pancreatic cancer had no relation to the location of the tumor or presence of jaundice. Similarly, no tendency was observed as to the location and size of tumor or to the grade of differentiation in 12 CA 19-9-negative patients with pancreatic cancer. Serum levels of CA 19-9 in patients with cholelithiasis complicated by cholangitis frequently showed markedly high values, but then rapidly normalized in parallel with the subsiding of inflammation. The behaviour of serum CA 19-9 showed little relation to renal or hepatic failures or to intrahepatic cholestasis. However, slightly elevated levels of the antigen were found in more than half of those patients with fulminant hepatitis showing massive necrosis. In chronic pancreatitis, the prevalence was only 8%; however, an increase was observed at the time of exacerbation in 2 of 5 positive patients. There was hardly any increase in serum levels of CA 19-9 after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), although serum levels of pancreatic enzymes rose after ERCP in almost all patients. Thus, it appears that CA 19-9 does not easily escape into the bloodstream, unlike pancreatic enzymes.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Beneficial effect of taurine in rabbits with chronic congestive heart failure.

To examine the effect of daily treatment with taurine on improving the status of congestive heart failure (CHF), we used rabbits with artificially induced aortic regurgitation. Ten rabbits were treated daily with taurine (100 mg/kg by mouth) and eight with guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES) (100 mg/kg by mouth) immediately after induction of aortic regurgitation. The cumulative mortality rate at 8 weeks in the taurine-treated CHF group was 10% (1 of 10) compared with 53% (16 of 30) in the nontreated CHF group and 75% (6 of 8) in the GES-treated CHF group (p less than 0.05). Although cardiac function (max dP/dt) in CHF rabbits was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001), taurine-treated CHF rabbits maintained the same values as control rabbits. Taurine content of the left ventricular tissue of the CHF rabbits was significantly increased (p less than 0.01). Administration of taurine and GES to control rabbits for 8 weeks affected neither the hemodynamics nor the taurine content of the heart. It was concluded that taurine slowed the rapid progression of heart failure and consequently prolonged life expectancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Purification and characterisation of MHC class I antigen from rat liver with monoclonal antibody.

We have described three monoclonal antibodies (HAM1, HAM2, and HAM3) to rat liver cell membrane glycoproteins. Recently also we reported another monoclonal antibody (HAM4) to rat hepato-renal membrane antigen. Using these monoclonal antibodies, it is possible to purify membrane antigens. This paper describes the details of the purification and the nature of the antigen purified with one of the monoclonal antibodies (HAM2) to rat liver cell membrane glycoproteins. Antigen was purified with immunoaffinity column. The amino acid composition was determined and compared with those of mice MHC class I antigen (H-2) and with the rat lymphocyte membrane antigens which were purified with monoclonal antibodies and of which amino acids compositions were determined.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Images of liposarcoma using technetium-99m bleomycin and technetium (V)-99m DMSA.

The effectiveness of Tc-99m bleomycin (BLM) and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are compared with that of Ga-67 citrate, which is currently the most widely used agent. In four patients with lipomatous tumors, the clinical significance of tumor imaging with each of these three agents is discussed and compared. Results indicate that both Tc-99m BLM and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are superior in detecting the extension or localization of liposarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease.

Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus which is a possible etiological agent in juvenile periodontitis (JP). In this study, bacterial flora, especially the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, in the periodontal pockets of one juvenile with gingivitis (G), one JP patients, five rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP) patients and one adult periodontitis(AP) patient, and one adult with healthy periodontium was investigated using a blood agar medium and a selective medium for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Eight hundred and sixty-five bacteria were isolated from the periodontal pockets, examined for their gram-stain, cell morphologies, relations to O2 and CO2 and catalase reaction, and divided into 21 groups on the basis of these characters. Among the isolates, 604 isolates were further characterized biochemically and identified. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found as 0.2% of the flora of a site in the JP patient, as 9% of the flora of a site in the G patient, and as 19% and 1%, respectively, of the flora of a site in the two RP patients. However, the organism was not detected in another lesion site of the JP patient. In our JP and RP patients, Fusobacterium, Wolinella, Streptococcus, and obligately anaerobic, gram-positive cocci were frequently found at high levels. The bacterial flora of the G and AP patients were more heterogeneous and included Bacteroides at relatively high proportions. These results indicate that A. actinomycetemcomitans is not always associated with JP but occurred in some patients with RP and G.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of complement depletion by cobra venom factor on fowlpox virus infection in chickens and chicken embryos.

The course of infection with an attenuated strain of fowlpox virus (FPV), which is known to induce antibody-independent activation of complement via the alternative pathway, was investigated in 1- to 3-day-old chickens and 14-day-old chicken embryos by treatment with cobra venom factor (CVF). CVF was found to inhibit complement activity transiently via the alternative pathway but not via the classical pathway. In chickens treated with CVF, virus growth in the skin was enhanced, and pock lesions tended to disseminate, leading to fatal infection in some birds. Histologically, an acute inflammation at an early stage of infection (within 3 days) was inhibited, and virus content in the pock lesion was increased. In chicken embryos with immature immune capacities, CVF treatment caused changes in pock morphology from clear pocks to diffuse ones, an increase in virus content in the pock, and inhibition of cell infiltration. Thus, FPV infection was aggravated in both CVF-treated chickens and chicken embryos. These results are discussed in relation to roles of complement in the elimination of virus at an early stage of FPV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The long term effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treating patients with renovascular hypertension: case studies.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed on 10 patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension (7 with atheromatous and 3 with fibromuscular stenoses) who were then followed for an average of 42 months (range, 24 to 67 months). Dilation of the stenosis was initially successful in all patients except one who had severe atheromatous stenosis. Among patients with atheromatous disease, normotension was attained for 40, 25 and 24 months in 3 patients given no antihypertensive medication and for 67 and 55 months in 2 patients given only nicardipine. The remaining one patient had a recurrent stenosis 3 months after angioplasty. All patients with fibromuscular dysplasia have been normotensive without any hypotensive medication for more than 4 years. Plasma renin activity declined within one week after angioplasty and remained unchanged thereafter in all patients except the one case suffering from a recurrent stenosis. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained increased after angioplasty. These results suggest that hypertension can be controlled and renal dysfunction in patients with renal artery stenosis caused by atheroma or fibromuscular dysplasia improved for long periods by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The antihypertensive effect obtained by this procedure was more valuable for the patients with fibromuscular dysplasia than in those with atheromatous disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Electroencephalographic effects of 450191-S and its metabolites in rabbits with chronic electrode implants].

Electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of 450191-S and its metabolites were investigated in unanesthetized rabbits with chronic electrode implants, and they were compared with those of nitrazepam and estazolam. 450191-S at doses of 0.1-0.5 mg/kg, i.v., induced a drowsy pattern of spontaneous EEG: high voltage slow waves and spindle bursts increased in the cortex and amygdala, while the hippocampal theta rhythm was desynchronized. In addition, low voltage fast waves appeared particularly in the cortical EEG. The EEG arousal response to auditory stimulation and to electric stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation, posterior hypothalamus and centromedian thalamus was markedly suppressed by 450191-S. The photic driving response elicited by a flash light in the visual cortex was significantly suppressed by 450191-S. 450191-S showed no significant effect on the recruiting response. The EEG effects of nitrazepam were qualitatively similar but less potent and shorter in duration of action than those of 450191-S. The effects of estazolam were approximately as potent as those of 450191-S, but its duration of action was much shorter than that of 450191-S. 450191-S was more potent than nitrazepam and approximately equipotent to estazolam in suppressing hippocampal and amygdaloid after-discharges. The EEG effects of M-1 and M-2 were similar to those of 450191-S in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The effects of M-A were quantitatively similar but less potent and shorter in duration of action than those of 450191-S.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Chemical constituents of peppers (Piper spp.) and application to food preservation: naturally occurring antioxidative compounds.

In a structure analysis of the compounds of the genus Piper (Family Piperaceae), we identified five phenolic amides from Piper nigrum, seven compounds from P. retrofractum, and two compounds from P. baccatum. All the phenolic amides possess significant antioxidant activities that are more effective than the naturally occurring antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. One amide, feruperine, has antioxidant activity as high as the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Naturally occurring antioxidants, therefore, may surpass BHA and BHT in their ability to inactivate mutagens in food.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Distribution of epithelial dysplasia in the cancerous esophagus.

A total of 114 cases, consisting of 20 non-cancerous esophagi, 48 non-irradiated cancerous esophagi, and 46 irradiated cancerous esophagi, were investigated with semiserial sections to evaluate the role of epithelial dysplasia as a precursor of esophageal cancer. The incidence of dysplasia was higher in cancerous esophagi than in non-cancerous esophagi and in non-irradiated cancerous esophagi than in irradiated cancerous esophagi. The difference in distribution pattern of dysplasia made it possible to classify the esophagi into three types: extensive, multifocal, and scanty. In the extensive type the main tumor tended to have an ill-defined margin and large diameter. In the multifocal type it tended to be superficial and small, and in the scanty type it usually had a well-defined margin. A possible relationship of epithelial dysplasia to the origin of esophageal cancer and its growth was shown by at least two thirds of the esophageal cancers.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Further evidence that central neurotensin inhibits pituitary prolactin secretion by stimulating dopamine release from the hypothalamus.

Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of neurotensin (NT) (2 micrograms/rat) suppressed prolactin (PRL) release induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (1 mg/100 g body wt, iv), prostaglandin E2(1 microgram/rat, icv), and FK33-824 (10 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv), a Met5-enkephalin analog, in urethane-anesthetized or conscious rats. In contrast, NT did not suppress elevated plasma PRL levels sustained by a large dose of domperidone (10 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv), a peripheral dopamine antagonist. In in vitro experiments, NT (10(-5) M) stimulated dopamine release from perifused rat hypothalamic fragments. These results suggest that central NT inhibits PRL secretion by stimulating dopamine release from the hypothalamus into hypophysical portal blood in the rat.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of gastric cancer based on the pathological and biophysiological aspects of cancer].

Spread of the gastric cancer is multifarious according to its pathological and biophysiological characteristics. The therapeutic strategy was reviewed by the analysis of more than 8.000 cases of gastric cancer treated at Cancer Institute Hospital. Main type of recurrence in early stage cancer was, though seldom, the hematogenous metastasis to the liver. On the other hand, in the advanced cases, macroscopically localized, and histologically well differentiated tumor type easily adhered and invaded to the adjacent organs and structures, and infiltrating and undifferentiated tumor type tended to cause peritoneal dissemination. Lymph node spread was observed in any tumor type, but frequently observed in intermediate type. Invasion to the adjacent organs and limited lymphatic spread can be controlled by wide combined resection of adjacent organs, and extended lymphadenectomy. However, hematogenous metastasis and peritoneal dissemination are difficult to be controlled by surgical intervention. Thus, minor surgery can be directed for small early stage cancer under strict criteria, and wide and extended resection for localized type, and combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for intermediate and infiltrating tumor types advancing more than stage II.

Combined Modality Therapy↗