Biomedical subjects

H Ohshiro

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohshiro.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Transiliac catheterization of the inferior vena cava for long-term venous access in children.

In infants and children requiring prolonged, multiple central venous (CV) catheterizations, the superior (SVC) and inferior vena cava may become thrombosed or stenotic, making CV access a difficult problem. Use of the iliac vein may be an acceptable alternative. We report a patient with thrombosis of the SVC in whom the external iliac vein was accessed through a retroperitoneal approach for placement of an implantable port. This technique is easy to perform, and there are no special materials or patient positioning required.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗

PubMed1998

Immunosuppressants decrease neutrophil chemoattractant and attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver in rats.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophils may play an important role in the development of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated the effects of the immunosuppressants azathioprine (AZA), cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506), and rapamycin (RPM) on the expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) after ischemia/reperfusion of the liver. METHODS: Liver ischemia was induced in male Wistar rats by occluding the portal vein with a microvascular clip for 30 minutes. Rats received two intramuscular injections of AZA (4 mg/kg), CsA (5 mg/kg), FK506 (0.5 mg/kg), or RPM (0.5 mg/kg) 3 and 24 hours before ischemia/reperfusion of the liver. RESULTS: Serum CINC concentrations in untreated animals increased, peaked 6 hours after reperfusion, and thereafter decreased gradually. Pretreatment with AZA, CsA, FK506, and RPM, however, inhibited the increase in serum CINC concentrations after reperfusion. CINC mRNA in liver tissue increased and peaked 3 hours after reperfusion, but was significantly lower in animals treated with AZA, CsA, FK506, and RPM. In vitro CINC production by Kupffer cells harvested from animals treated with AZA, CsA, FK506, or RPM 3 hours after reperfusion was also significantly lower than that observed in untreated animals. Both myeloperoxidase activity and the number of neutrophils accumulating in the liver 24 hours after reperfusion in animals treated with AZA, CsA, FK506, and RPM were significantly lower than in untreated animals. This correlated with lower serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels in animals treated with AZA, CsA, FK506, and RPM 24 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: The immunosuppressants AZA, CsA, FK506, and RPM reduce neutrophil accumulation and attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Prognosis of Parkinson's disease in Japan. Tottori University Parkinson's Disease Epidemiology (TUPDE) Study Group.

Therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been progressing. However, the prognosis for patients with PD is still unclear. We studied the course of PD in patients in the San-in Area of Japan over a long time period. The main purpose of this study was to see whether there was a difference in survival between PD patients and the general population. Information on 114 deceased PD patients, who died between 1989 and 1996, was collected from hospitals belonging to the Tottori University Parkinson's Disease Epidemiology Study Group. Although the duration of illness was prolonged, the survival of PD patients was still poorer than that of the general population. The most common cause of death was pneumonia. The main cause of death in young PD patients was also pneumonia. In order to improve the survival of PD patients, PD-related conditions should be treated more extensively, especially pneumonia.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis mimicking relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis].

A 61-year-old woman was suspected of relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis. A chest X-ray film taken at a regular health check-up suggested relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis in a 61-year-old woman. Chest X-ray revealed irregular shadow with calcification in the upper lobe of the left lung and pulmonary tuberculosis was initially diagnosed a despite a negative reaction for acid-fast bacilli on examination of her sputum and bronchial lavage. Chest CT revealed thickened bronchi and blood vessels and nodules in the lung field. Transbronchial by biopsy failed to reveal caseating epithelioid cell granulomas transbronchial lung biopsy. Past history of facial palsy, uveitis, high plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (31.6IU/L), and abnormal HRCT levels. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis revealed an increase in lymphocytes and a CD4/CD8 ratio of 8.67. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed after a liver biopsy. This appears that HRCT findings are useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1996

Surveillance system of infectious diseases in Japan.

The surveillance system of infectious disease in Japan started in 1981 and has been providing useful epidemiological information on 27 communicable diseases. The system consists of medical institutions (fixed monitoring stations), institutions of hygienic sciences, health centers, local governments and the ministry of health and welfare. There are two types of information about infectious diseases. One is clinical reports of incidence cases from medical institutions, and the other is laboratory information about etiologic agents. Between health centers, local governments and the department of statistics and information in the ministry of health and welfare, information is transmitted through the on-line network. Collected information is analyzed and submitted by both local and central committees of analysis. From the epidemiological point of view, quality control of the data and integration of other sources of data would be the next goal of the system.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed1994

[Estimated prevalence of presenile dementia in Tottori prefecture].

A questionnaire study of dementia in the age group of 40-64 years old was performed among all hospitals and clinics in Tottori prefecture. Response rate was 52.9% (hospitals 53.2%, clinics 52.4%). A total of 100 patients (from April 1992 to March 1993) were reported. The estimated prevalence rate of all dementia in the age group of 40-64 years old was 81.4 per 100,000 population. Cerebrovascular dementia accounted for half and Alzheimer's disease, intoxication and trauma accounted for 14.0%, 11.5%, and 10.8% of dementia in the age group of 40-64 years old, respectively. There were several other types of dementia but numbers were very few. The estimated prevalence rates of cerebrovascular dementia in the age groups of 40-49, 50-59, and 60-64 years old were 0, 47.9 (male 66.0, female 31.5) and 113.2 (male 184.5, female 51.5), respectively. Those of Alzheimer's disease in the age groups of 40-49, 50-59, and 60-64 years old were 0, 5.6 (male 4.2, female 6.9) and 47.5 (male 50.3, female 45.0), respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Inferior mesenteric and hypogastric artery reconstruction to prevent colonic ischaemia following abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy.

In 179 patients receiving prosthetic grafts for abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy, an attempt was made to preserve or restore continuity of at least two vessels, including the patent inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and bilateral hypogastric arteries (HGAs), so as to prevent colorectal ischaemia. Adjunctive reconstruction of the IMA and/or HGAs was performed in 60 patients; a total of 40 HGAs and 31 IMAs were reconstructed. The hospital mortality rates of patients with elective and ruptured aneurysm repair were 3.9 and 22% respectively. There were no deaths related to colorectal ischaemia. The mean(s.d.) IMA stump blood pressure was 66(18) mmHg and the mean(s.d.) IMA stump pressure index (the ratio of mean peak systolic IMA pressure to mean systolic systemic pressure) was 0.58(0.15). The IMA was revascularized in all patients whose stump pressure was < 40 mmHg and whose index was < 0.4. Postoperative angiography revealed a 94% patency rate for the IMA and 92% for the HGAs. Colorectal ischaemia did not develop in any patient in whom aneurysmectomy was performed electively or in any who had colonoscopy because of watery diarrhoea after surgery. These results indicate the significance of adjunctive reconstruction of the IMA and HGA during abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[A comparative study of cefepime for chronic respiratory tract infections].

The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of Cefepime (CFPM), a new cephem antibiotics, in chronic respiratory infections were evaluated in a comparative study against Ceftazidime (CAZ). Each drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 1.0 g (nominal potency), twice daily for 14 days, and the following results were obtained: 1. A total of 170 cases were enrolled in this study. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses) as evaluated by the subcommittee were 86.2% (56/65) in the CFPM group and 84.5% (60/71) in the CAZ group, with no significant difference between the two groups. 2. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses) as evaluated by attending physicians were 83.3% (55/66) in the CFPM group and 84.5% (60/71) in the CAZ group with no significant difference between the two groups. 3. Bacteriologically, eradication rates were 83.3% (40/48) in the CFPM group and 88.2% (45/51) in the CAZ group, with no significant difference between the two groups. 4. Side effects occurred in none of the patients in the CAZ group and in 4 of the 66 patients in the CFPM group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (Fisher's test p = 0.0489). The incidence of abnormal laboratory findings were 17.6% (12/68) in the CFPM group and 21.1% (16/76) in the CAZ group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. 5. The utility rates evaluated by the subcommittee were 81.8% (54/66) in the CFPM group and 84.5% (60/71) in the CAZ group with no significant difference between the two groups. Only in the incidence of side effects, there was a significant difference between the two groups (Fisher's test p = 0.0489), but there was no significant difference in other items of efficacy, safety and usefulness between the two groups. These results indicate that CFPM is useful for the treatment of chronic respiratory tract infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Zinc and copper concentrations in breast milk and maternal serum in the postpartum period].

This study reports the contents of Zn and Cu in the breast milk and serum of postpartum mothers, 17 primiparas and 20 multiparas, at one week and at one month after delivery. Results were as follows. 1. The mean content of Zn in the breast milk was 5.44 micrograms/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 2.73 micrograms/ml at 1 month after delivery. 2. The mean content of Zn in serum was 0.66 microgram/ml at 1 week, and it increased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 0.84 microgram/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month. 3. The milk Zn level at 1 week after delivery was about 8 times as high as the Zn in serum. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) negative correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 week after delivery, and there was no significant correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 month after delivery. 4. The mean content of Cu in breast milk was 0.55 microgram/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased to 0.44 microgram/ml at 1 month after delivery. 5. The mean content of Cu in serum was 2.14 micrograms/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 1.35 micrograms/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month after delivery. 6. Concerning the Cu contents of milk and serum, there was not a significant correlation at 1 week after delivery, but a significant (p less than 0.05) positive correlation was found at 1 month after delivery.

Adult↗

PubMed1988