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Biomedical subjects

H Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohno.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Anterior wedge-shaped bone graft for old scaphoid fractures or non-unions. An analysis of relevant carpal alignment.

For appraisal of anterior wedge-shaped grafts for the humpback deformity of the scaphoid, a retrospective study of 27 cases with old scaphoid fractures or non-unions was carried out. 11 cases were treated with Herbert screw fixation and anterior wedge-shaped graft and the other cases with other methods. For the assessment of carpal alignment, radio-lunate and scapho-lunate angles were measured with peri-operative radiographs. For the clinical assessment, the scoring system of Cooney was applied. In 25 cases, primary bone union was obtained with one attempt and in two cases, with the second operation. Union was achieved in a mean of 3.4 months. The post-operative wrist score ranged from 65 to 100 with an average 81.2 points. There was a statistically significant relationship between the wrist score and the post-operative scapho-lunate angulation of the affected wrist. The humpback deformity of scaphoid non-union should be treated precisely with carpal realignment surgery or anterior wedge-shaped bone graft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Basic and clinical evaluation of lysis centrifugation in candidemia].

Basic and clinical evaluation of lysis centrifugation using Isolator 10 was performed and compared with culture bottle methods. Blood, which was inoculated with C. albicans, C. tropicalis or C. parapsilosis, was cultured using lysis centrifugation or culture bottle method. The culture duration of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis by lysis centrifugation was shorter than that by the culture bottle (BHI release). C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis became culture-positive within 1 or 2 days after culture by lysis centrifugation. C. albicans and C. parapsilosis became positive 4 days and C. tropicalis 6-8 days after culture by the culture bottle (BHI super). Clinical evaluation of both blood culture method as performed from April 1990 to March 1994. Sixty samples (4.4%) were positive out of 1370 samples. Twenty eight samples (7.2%) were positive out of 389 samples, which were examined by both methods. Twenty two samples were positive by both methods and the rest of the 6 samples was positive only by Lysis centrifugation.

Blood↗
PubMed1995

[Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from environments (pigeon excreta) in Nagasaki].

Cryptococcosis is one of the serious deep-seated mycoses in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS. Cryptococcus neoformans ordinarily lives in natural environments such as soil and reproduces in pigeon excreta. It spreads in the air and infects human by inhalation. We isolated C. neoformans from pigeon excreta in hospitals, private houses, parks in Nagasaki from October to December in 1994. C. neoformans was isolated from 4 of 8 samples (50%) of pigeon excreta and the isolation rate increased to 80% (4/5) if they were weathered excreta. Two patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis occurred in the last two years in the area where C. neoformans was isolated during that period. Epidemiological studies of clinical isolates and environmental isolates are important to determine its origin of infection and the route of transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Responses of brown adipose tissue activity to unloading in rats.

To study the responses of thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to unloading, male Wistar rats were hindlimb suspended for 10 days. Compared with control rats, a significant increase in the BAT-to-body mass ratio and considerable differences in chemical components in BAT were observed in the hindlimb-suspended rats. These findings indicate a marked increase in the thermogenic capacity in BAT of the experimental group. Likewise, the thermogenic activity (which was assessed by guanosine 5'-diphosphate binding to BAT mitochondria) was markedly greater in the mitochondria recovered from BAT of the hindlimb-suspended rats than in those from the control rats (1,610 +/- 450 vs. 202 +/- 132 pmol recovered). Moreover, the uncoupling protein content in the BAT mitochondrial fraction of the hindlimb-suspended rats was significantly higher (1.6-fold) than that in the control rats. As was expected, the uncoupling protein mRNA expression was greater in hindlimb-suspended rats than in control animals. These results suggest that chronic hindlimb suspension leads to an increase in both the thermogenic capacity and the activity in BAT of rats.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1995

Superoxide dismutase derivative reduces oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of rats during exhaustive exercise.

A superoxide dismutase derivative (SM-SOD) that circulates and is bound to albumin with a half-life of 6 h was injected intraperitoneally into rats before exhaustive treadmill running to study its antioxidant scavenging capacity in the plasma and soleus and tibialis muscles. The exercise induced a marked increase in xanthine oxidase activity in plasma and an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the plasma as well as in the soleus and tibialis muscles of nonadministered rats immediately after the exercise. The immunoreactive content and activity of both SOD isoenzymes (Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD) of the nonadministered rats increased in the soleus and tibialis muscles immediately after running. SM-SOD treatment definitely attenuated the degree of the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and xanthine oxidase in all samples examined immediately after exercise. Glutathione peroxidase activity significantly increased in the soleus muscle of nonadministered rats 1 day after running, whereas catalase activity remained unchanged throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that a single bout of exhaustive exercise induces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of rats and that this oxidative stress can be attenuated by exogenous SM-SOD.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Detection of metrial gland cells in rat cervix after delivery by smear method.

It has been reported that the metrial glands, which form yellowish-white masses on the mesometrial triangle after pregnancy, coincide with the number of implants in the rat. In this study, the migration of the metrial gland cells (MGC) from the metrial glands to the endometrium after placental desquamation was investigated by the smear method. In smeared specimens, MGC appeared as large round cells with an unstained nucleus (a large binucleate cell was frequently seen), surrounded by a pinkish rim of cytoplasm, with PAS-staining; or appeared as a large reddish violet nucleus surrounded by dark violet cytoplasm with Giemsa staining. Numerous MGC were observed on the endometrium on the mesometrial side after artificial desquamation of the placenta on day 20 of pregnancy and day 0 of delivery. Further, MGC were observed on the endometrium on the antimesometrial side or in the cervix (including the internal and external orifice of the uterus) on day 0 of delivery, but no MGC could be detected in the cervix or on the antimesometrial side either during the period of placental signs (days 11-13) or on day 20 of pregnancy. Although MGC disappeared rapidly after delivery, slight traces of MGC remained on the mesometrial side until day 3 after delivery. In the case of abortion, MGC were observed in the cervix on the day of vaginal bleeding. In view of these results, it is considered that confirmation of MGC on the endometrium or the cervix provides evidence of abortion or delivery.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1995

[Antigenicity study of iodixanol, a new non-ionic contrast medium].

Antigenic potential of iodixanol, a new non-ionic contrast agent, was evaluated by systemic anaphylaxis (SA) test and homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (Homo-PCA) test using guinea pigs and IgE mediated heterologous PCA (Hetero-PCA) test using rats passively sensitized with mouse sera. SA test was conducted in guinea pigs sensitized with iodixanol at dose levels of 32 or 320 mgI/kg emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by challenge with iodixanol (320 mgI/kg). Four- or 24-hr Homo-PCA test was performed with sera from the sensitized animals. Neither positive SA nor Homo-PCA reaction was observed. Hetero-PCA test was performed with the sera from the mice which were sensitized with iodixanol (32 or 320 mgI/kg) with aluminum hydroxide gel. No positive Hetero-PCA reaction was detected in the sera, followed by challenge with iodixanol (320 mgI/kg). Thus, it is concluded that iodixanol possesses no antigenic potential under the present experimental conditions.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1995

[Intravenous single dose toxicity of iodixanol, a new nonionic iso-osmolar contrast medium, in mice, rats and monkeys].

The single-dose intravenous toxicities of iodixanol, a new nonionic iso-osmolar contrast medium, were investigated in mice, rats and monkeys. The LD50 values were estimated to be 17.9 gI/kg for male mice and 16.2 gI/kg for female mice, 18.8 gI/kg for male rats and 22.0 gI/kg for female rats, and more than 10.0 gI/kg for monkeys. There was no marked sex difference in mice or rats, nor any significant difference observed between these two rodent species. Decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity, ptosis, respiratory depression and abdominal posture were observed in many mice and rats. These signs disappeared mostly by 8 days after dosing in surviving animals. Death occurred between immediately and 4 days after dosing in mice, and between immediately and 14 days after dosing in rats. Transient depression of body weight gain was observed in the surviving mice and rats by 7 days after dosing. Histological examinations revealed congestion or hemorrhage in the renal medulla, vacuolation or necrosis of the renal proximal tubular epithelium in mice and rats that died and vacuolation of the renal proximal tubular epithelium in surviving rats. There were no significant treatment-related changes in the laboratory and pathological examinations in monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Toxicity of iodixanol, a new nonionic iso-osmolar contrast medium, to rats by repeated intravenous administration for 4 weeks with a 4-week recovery period].

Groups of 10 male and 10 female Crl: CD (SD) BR rats were given iodixanol, a radiographic contrast medium, by intravenous injection at dosage levels of 30, 100 or 300 mgI/kg/day for four weeks to evaluate its toxicity. An extra 5 rats of each sex were given 300 mgI/kg/day for 4 weeks and then retained for 4 weeks without treatment to assess recovery. No clinical signs indicative of a toxic effect of iodixanol were noted. No effects of treatment with iodixanol on bodyweight gains, food consumption, laboratory investigations, ophthalmoscopic examinations, organ weights, bone marrow smears or macroscopic pathology were noted. Treatment related changes were noted microscopically in the kidneys only. Minimal cytoplasmic vacuolation in the proximal tubules was noted in a proportion of rats given 100 mgI/kg/day and all rats given 300 mgI/kg/day at the end of the treatment period. This effect was noted not to be fully reversible during four weeks off dose although recovery did occur in some rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Toxicity of iodixanol, a new nonionic iso-osmolar contrast medium, to cynomolgus monkeys by repeated intravenous administration for 4 weeks with a 4-week recovery period].

Groups of 3 male and 3 female wild-caught cynomolgus monkeys were given iodixanol, a radiographic contrast medium, by intravenous injection at dosage levels of 100, 300 or 1,000 mgI/kg/day for four weeks to evaluate its toxicity. An extra 2 animals of each sex were given 1,000 mgI/kg/day for 4 weeks and then retained for 4 weeks without treatment to assess recovery. There were no deaths during the treatment period. Bruising at the injection sites was noted clinically and macroscopically was caused in part by the injection procedure itself and in part by the viscosity of the test formulation and the size of the dose. This finding is therefore, of no toxicological significance. No effects of treatment with iodixanol on body weights, food consumption, laboratory investigations, ophthalmoscopic examinations, organ weights or bone myelograms were noted. Cytoplasmic vacuolation of the kidney proximal tubules was noted with incidence and severity increasing with dosage level among animals given 100, 300 or 1,000 mgI/kg/day. This effect was noted not to be fully reversible at 1,000 mgI/kg/day after 4 weeks off-dose although reduced severity was noted and recovery was apparent in some animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acute or chronic exercise alters angiotensin II-induced contraction of rat aorta.

Chronic exercise substantially shifted the dose-response curve for angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced contractions to the right with increases in the EC50 value in both endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortae. An acute endurance exercise also caused a 3-fold increase in the EC50 value in both endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortae from sedentary control rats. Whereas, no substantial increase in the EC50 value was observed in trained rats after an acute endurance exercise. Thus, chronic exercise attenuates ANG II receptor-mediated contraction of rat aortae. An acute exercise also caused the reduced responses to ANG II in sedentary control rats but not in chronically exercise-trained rats.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1995

Changes of contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus in response to creatine-analogue administration and/or hindlimb suspension in rats.

Changes of contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus in response to hindlimb suspension and/or altered high-energy phosphate contents were studied in rats. A reduction of high-energy phosphates, especially phosphocreatine, was seen in rats fed creatine analogue beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA), but they were elevated after 10-d supplementation of creatine. The one-half relaxation time was increased by feeding beta-GPA, but was normalized by creatine supply. The fatigue resistance of creatine-depleted muscle was significantly improved, but tended to decrease by suspension and creatine supply, although it was still better than that in the control diet group. It is indicated that the contractile properties of muscle are influenced by the high-energy phosphate content. It is also suggested that the endurance capacity may be influenced by the mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but not necessarily by the levels of high-energy phosphates.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection of Darling type Ib and IIb, using SVC-appendage anastomosis and pedicled right atrial flap].

A eight-day-old girl with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection of type I b + IIb underwent a total correction. Right atrium (RA) was entered through a vertical incision. Atrial septal defect (ASD) in the caudal aspect of fossa ovalis was enlarged by cutting the primum tissue. RA flap was sutured to ASD and intracardiac orifice margin of SVC to create a roof of pulmonary venous channel. SVC just cranial to entrance of common pulmonary vein was oversewn. Anastomosis between the cephalad SVC and opened right atrial appendage was made. Postoperative angiography showed wide PV channel and SVC channel.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1995

[Stanford type A acute aortic dissection involving an aberrant right subclavian artery--a successful operative case].

A 64-year-old woman was admitted with chest (pain) and back pain. We found aortic dissecting area from ascending aorta to aortic arch and thoracic descending aorta by enhanced computed tomography. She was diagnosed Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Emergent operation was performed on Jan. 20th, 1994. During operation, we found an aberrant right subclavian artery from Jan. 20th, 1994. During operation, we found an aberrant right subclavian artery from descending aorta. Using non-clamping selective cerebral perfusion, we could succeed this operation. As far as we know, this is the first report in Japanese literatures.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[A rapid susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using hybridization protection assay].

The conventional drug susceptibility tests of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are time-consuming and usually require 2 to 4 weeks to obtain final results. In this study, we attempted to develop a novel method for rapid detection of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis using hybridization protection assay (HPA). Clinically isolated strains of M. tuberculosis including seven isoniazid (INH) susceptible strains and six resistant strains were used. The organisms grown on Ogawa egg medium were inoculated into Middlebrook 7H9 broth and cultured at 37 degrees C for one week. Then, the inoculum of each strain was prepared as a tenfold dilution of bacterial suspension at McFarland No. 0.5. The inocula were mixed with INH solutions to yield final concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/ml, and the resulting bacterial suspensions with or without test drug were cultured on the swaying plate at 37 degrees C for up to 5 days. At intervals, 50 microliters of each sample was withdrawn and subjected to the protocol of the HPA using acridinium-ester (AE) labeled DNA probe, and then the relative light unit (RLU) was read in a luminometer. In the case of the susceptible strains, a significant difference in the mode of increase in RLU ratio (% of RLU on day x/RLU on day 0) was observed between the INH-treated and drug-free control sets within three days of cultivation, while no such differences were seen in the case of the resistant strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acridines↗
PubMed1995

Immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching, mu to gamma, in a human lymphoma cell line FL-318 carrying a t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation.

Previously, we reported the establishment of a human lymphoma cell line, FL-318, carrying a t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation. FL-318 cells had mu-heavy chain on the cell surface, while they expressed 'sterile' germ-line gamma transcripts, suggesting that the chromatin structure of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus was 'accessible' to class switch recombination. After several months of in vitro cell culture, we found a small population of FL-318 cells expressing the gamma-chain. Using a limiting dilution method, a mu-producing cell clone FL-318M, and gamma-producing FL-318G were isolated. Hybridization studies with various DNA probes from the IGH locus as well as the BCL2 gene demonstrated that the mu-constant gene was deleted on the functional IGH allele of FL-318G cells, and that the cells produced abundant productive gamma-chain messages. These studies indicated that FL-318 cells underwent spontaneous class switching during in vitro cell culture, unrelated to T cell interaction or antigenic stimulation.

Base Sequence↗