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Biomedical subjects

H Ohishi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohishi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Antibody responses of Japanese horses to influenza viruses in the past few years.

A total of 305 horse sera collected in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido in the years 1988-90 were tested for the presence of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to A/equine/Newmarket/1/77 (H7N7), A/equine/Tokyo/2/71 (H3N8) and A/equine/Kentucky/1/81 (H3N8, Kentucky) strains of equine influenza (EI) virus. Antibodies to the 3 strains were detected in hardly of the 45 sera from 2-years-old horses which were collected before vaccination. Many of the 51 horses, after vaccination with inactivated EI virus, had HI antibodies to the 3 strains in 37 to 88 per cent. However, the number of positive reactors among the horses aged 3 to 23 years gradually decreased with the advance in age. In particular, no antibody response was found in the 60 horses over 9 years of age, except for 3 cases with HI antibody of low titer, with the Kentucky strain which has recently been prevalent among the horse populations in many countries. In a complement-fixing test, antibodies to the soluble antigen of type A influenza virus were detected in the sera collected from the horses which were exposed to an outbreak of EI virus infection, but not in the sera from the vaccinated horses examined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Crystal structure of papain-succinyl-Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide complex at 1.7-A resolution: noncovalent binding mode of a common sequence of endogenous thiol protease inhibitors.

Succinyl-Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide corresponding to a common sequence of endogenous thiol protease inhibitors is a noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of papain. In order to elucidate the binding mode of the inhibitor at the atomic level, its complex with papain was crystallized at ca. pH 7.0 using the hanging drop method, and the crystal structure was analyzed at 1.7-A resolution. The crystal has space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a = 43.09, b = 102.32, c = 49.69 A, and Z = 4. A total of 47,215 observed reflections were collected on the imaging plates using the same single crystal, and 19,833 unique reflections with Fo > sigma (Fo) were used for structure determination and refinement. The papain structure was determined by use of the atomic coordinates of papain previously reported, and then refined by the X-PLOR program. The inhibitor molecule was located on a difference Fourier map and fitted into the electron density with the aid of computer graphics. The complex structure was finally refined to R = 19.6% including 118 solvent molecules. The X-ray analysis of the complex crystal shows that the inhibitor is located at the R-domain side, not in the center of the binding site created by the R- and L-domains of papain. Such a binding mode of the inhibitor explains well the biological behavior that the inhibitor exhibits against papain. Comparison with the structure of papain-stefin B complex indicates that the structure of the Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly sequence itself is not necessarily the essential requisite for inhibitory activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Trigeminal ganglion neurons which project by way of axon collaterals to both the caudal spinal trigeminal and the principal sensory trigeminal nuclei.

Employing a combination of fluorescent retrograde double labeling and immunofluorescence histochemistry, we found that some single neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of the rat projected by way of axon collaterals both to the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and to the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, and that about 40% or 57% of these neurons showed respectively substance P- or calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interaction mode of n-dodecylphosphorylcholine, a substrate analogue, with bovine pancreas phospholipase A2 as determined by X-ray crystal analysis.

Three-dimensional structure of a bovine pancreas phospholipase A2 (PLA2) crystal complexed with n-dodecylphosphorylcholine (n-C12PC), a substrate-type inhibitor, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The present conventional R value is 0.275 at 2.3A resolution. The binding mode of n-C12PC to the PLA2 was clearly indicated, where the dodecyl chain was stably held by the hydrophobic contacts with the N-terminal region of PLA2 (Leu-2, Phe-5, and Ile-9), and the choline moiety was contacted with the hydrophobic space created by the side chains of Lys-53 and 56. The present result indicates that remarkable changes from the native PLA2 structure are caused at the N-terminal and middle (residues 60 to 70) regions by the binding of n-C12PC to the enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Expression of the mRNA for the rat NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) in the sensory and autonomic ganglion neurons.

The distribution of NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) on neurons in the peripheral ganglia was examined in the adult rat by in situ hybridization. NMDAR1 mRNA was expressed in all neurons in the sensory and autonomic ganglia examined; in the dorsal root, trigeminal, nodose, superior cervical, and sphenopalatine ganglia. Possible roles of the NMDA receptor on the sensory and autonomic ganglion neurons are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Structure of acidic phospholipase A2 for the venom of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii at 2.8 A resolution.

The crystal structure of acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii has been determined by molecular replacement methods based on the known structure of Crotalus atrox PLA2, a same group II enzyme. The overall structures, except the calcium-binding regions, are very similar to each other. A calcium ion is pentagonally ligated to two carboxylate oxygen atoms of Asp-49 and each carbonyl oxygen atoms of Tyr-28, Gly-30 and Ala-31. A reason why the former enzyme functions as monomeric form, while the latter one does as dimer, could be presumed by the structural comparison of these calcium-binding regions. Although Gly-32 is usually participated as a ligand in the coordination with calcium ion in group I PLA2, it is characteristically replaced to Ala-31 in the present structure, and thus the coordination geometry of calcium ion is rather different from the usually observed one.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Effectiveness of Lipiodol in transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The effectiveness of Lipiodol (iodized oil) in transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was retrospectively evaluated using statistical analysis. A total of 343 HCC patients who underwent TAE at 5 institutions between 1984 and 1989 were divided into 2 groups: the GS-TAE group underwent TAE with Gelfoam sponge alone, whereas the LP-TAE group was given Lipiodol (LP) immediately before GS-TAE. The statistical T value calculated for the LP-TAE group showed that the administration of LP, the tumor size, intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein infiltration, and serum total bilirubin and alpha-fetoprotein levels significantly (P < 0.01) affected the patients' survival. Both the cumulative survival determined using the Kaplan-Meier model and the cumulative hazard calculated using Cox's proportional hazard model differed significantly (P < 0.01) between the GS-TAE group and the LP-TAE group (log-rank test). These results confirmed the effectiveness of LP used in combination with Gelfoam sponge for TAE of HCC.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

In vivo measurement of spatial dose distribution with thermoluminescent sheet around high dose-rate intracavitary source: application to rectal cancer.

For intracavitary high dose-rate radiation therapy, a thermoluminescent [TL] sheet for in vivo measurement of spatial dose distribution around source has been recently developed. The TL sheet was found to have a linear response with a very wide dynamic range from at least 0.002 cGy to 5000 cGy for 60Co gamma-rays. This TL sheet (40 cm x 50 cm x 200 microns), which is composed of Teflon mixed with BaSO4:Eu doped powder, is very flexible and can be cut to the desired size. In addition, this sheet is easy to handle because of its insensitivity to room light. The spatial dose distribution is displayed in a color mode by using a newly developed TL sheet readout system. For a clinical application, the TL sheet was wrapped on an applicator for intracavitary radiation therapy of a rectal cancer and was inserted into the rectum. The location of the TL sheet could be confirmed with diagnostic X ray film. After irradiation with high dose-rate 60Co source, the in vivo relative dose distribution on the surface of the rectum was determined. This TL sheet provided a convenient means of measuring the relative dose distributions around 60Co sources of various patterns in intracavitary radiation therapy.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1992

Multilevel anterior cervical fusion using skull bone grafts. Case report.

The successful use of autogenous skull bone grafts for a C3-7 anterior cervical fusion is reported and compared with results using other bone grafts. A 51-year-old man with C4-7 anterior cord compression due to spurs and ossified posterior longitudinal ligaments developed progressive tetraparesis following a minor head injury. He underwent anterior decompression and fusion. On two occasions an iliac graft had failed; however, a graft of autogenous skull bone was successful. The skull bone was found superior to bone from other sites, such as the iliac crest, rib, tibia, and fibula, showing sufficient strength and less morbidity. The skull may be a better source of graft material for multilevel anterior cervical fusion, which requires long and strong grafts.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1992

[Usefulness of segmental Lp-TAE using lipiodol mixed with anticancer agent for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma].

To determine the effect of appraising subsegmental or segmental transarterial embolization with Lipiodol mixed with anticancer drugs followed by gelatin particles (Segmental Lp-TAE) on inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, we examined CT patterns and therapeutic results in 57 patients after Segmental Lp-TAE. Fifty-six tumors including 47 tumors less than 5 cm in size were the nodular type and 1 tumor was the massive type. The mean tumor size was 3.6 cm and the mean amount of Lipiodol was 4.4 ml. Portal veins in the embolized segment were highly visualized by injected Lipiodol on plain film immediately after Segmental Lp-TAE. On the follow-up CT, the size of the tumor with dense Lipiodol accumulation were reduced in all cases, and atrophy of the embolized segment was recognized. Forty-four of the 57 patients are alive, with the longest surviving patient still alive at 4 years and 5 months. Seventeen patients have survived for more than 2 years (direct crude survival rate: 65.0%), with the cumulative survival rates 93.2% at 1 year, 71.6% at 2 years. No recurrence was recognized in 33 of the 41 patients (80.0%) that were followed up for more than 1 year after Segmental Lp-TAE is a useful therapeutic method for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Clinico-pathological study of collagen-related pulmonary lesions in cases of open lung biopsy].

We studied the clinico-pathological correlation of collagen disease-related pulmonary lesions to examine the pathological and radiological features of collagen lung, and the effect of steroid therapy. Ten open lung biopsy cases were examined; 4 male, and 6 female. The mean age was 55 years old. Seven cases developed pulmonary shadows after the diagnosis of collagen disease, and 3 cases showed pulmonary shadow prior to diagnosis. Pathologically, 6 cases proved to be bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), 3 cases were chronic interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and 1 case was acute interstitial pneumonia. All cases had inflammatory thickening of the interstitium involving the pleura, bronchial wall, and perivascular connective tissue. Half of the cases had bronchiolar inflammatory lesions. Radiologically BOOP cases showed either localized ground glass shadows, or diffuse reticulonodular shadows predominantly in the lower lung fields with shrinkage of affected areas. UIP cases showed reticulonodular shadows, and active UIP cases showed overlapping ground glass shadows. Steroids were administered in cases of BOOP and active UIP, and all cases showed improvement. We consider that open lung biopsy is of use in the diagnosis of some cases and in assessing whether steroid therapy is indicated.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Disproportionately large, communicating fourth ventricle; report of 4 cases].

Although both "Isolated Fourth Ventricle" (IFV) and "Disproportionately Large, Communicating Fourth Ventricle" (DLCFV) are the clinical-radiologic entities characterized by a dilatation of the fourth ventricle, DLCFV must be separated from IFV because of its apparent patency of the aqueduct. In some Japanese literature, however, there was some confusion concerning DLCFV and so-called "reversible DLCFV" or IFV with "one way aqueduct". In this paper, comparing DLCFV with IFV, a reasonable pathogenesis of DLCFV was discussed on the basis of clinico-radiological analysis of four cases of DLCFV. Our tentative conclusion is as follows: 1) Whether there is radiologic aqueductal patency or not, the term of DLCFV should not be primarily reserved for patients who have had shunting of the lateral ventricle for previous hydrocephalus." 2) It was strongly suggested that a mechanism involved in the development of DLCFV was the formation "membranous occlusion" in/or near the foramen Magendie.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Refined x-ray structure of papain.E-64-c complex at 2.1-A resolution.

E-64-c, a synthetic cysteine protease inhibitor designed from E-64, binds to papain through a thioether covalent bond. The x-ray diffraction data for 2.1-A resolution were used to determine the three-dimensional structure of this complex and refined it to R = 0.159. 0.159. In the complex structure, the configurational conversion from S to R took place on the epoxy carbon of E-64-c, implying that the nucleophilic attack of the Cys-25 thiol group occurs at the opposite side of the epoxy oxygen atom. The leucyl and isoamylamide groups of E-64-c were strongly fixed to papain S subsites by specific interactions, including hydrogen bonding to the Gly-66 residue. The carboxyl-terminal anion of E-64-c formed an electrostatic interaction with the protonated His-159 imidazole ring (O-...HN+ = 3.76 A) and consequently prevented the participation of this residue in the hydrolytic charge-relay system. No significant distortion caused by the binding of E-64-c was shown in the secondary structure of papain. It is important to note that inhibitor and substrate have opposite binding modes for the peptide groups. The possible relationship between the binding mode and inhibitory activity is discussed on the basis of the crystal structure of this complex.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1991

Interaction between the left-handed Z-DNA and polyamine. The crystal structure of the d(CG)3 and N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4-diamino-butane complex.

The DNA fragment d(CG)3 was co-crystallized with N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (PA(24], a chemically synthesized polyamine. The complex crystal contained one polyamine, 3 magnesium cations and one sodium cation per duplex of d(CG)3, and well diffracted the X-ray intensities up to 1.0 A resolution. The d(CG)3 took a left-handed Z-DNA conformation, and the PA(24) molecule electrostatically interacted with the phosphate groups of the d(CG)3 duplex.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1991

Pallidocortical projections to the tempolar polar gyrus in the cat.

Marked projections from the globus pallidus (GP) to the temporal polar gyrus (TPG) of the cat were found by means of the PHA-L (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) and WGA-HRP (horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin) methods. Pallidocortical fibers to the TPG originate mainly from the middle levels of the GP, and terminate all layers of the TPG cortex, especially in layers I, II and III. The GP neurons projecting to the TPG are large-multipolar or small-bipolar neurons. Almost all of these GP neurons show choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1991

Molecular and crystal structures of 2-(2-pyridyl)thioacetamide derivatives and possible relationship with inhibitory activity for gastric acid secretion.

As a possible method to determine the key atoms and their spatial orientation which are necessary for the gastric mucosal protective and antisecretory activity, crystal structures of sixteen 2-(2-pyridyl) thioacetamide derivatives have been analyzed by the X-ray diffraction method. The characteristics of the molecular and crystal structures of the derivatives are described in this paper. The energetic stability of the molecular conformation is also investigated by means of the molecular force field method. Using the conformational data, a possible relationship between the stereostructure and inhibitory activity for gastric acid secretion is considered by QSAR analyses. The results suggest that the activity is related to the overall molecular conformation, and that the spatial distribution of the side-chain polar atoms with respect to the fixed pyridine is especially important for the activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: pathologic observations in 20 patients.

Histopathologic examination was performed in 20 patients undergoing antemortem coronary angioplasty. Thirty-four lesions were dilated and the interval between coronary angioplasty and death ranged from several hours to 4 years. Intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells, as a major cause of restenosis, was observed in 83% to 100% of 28 lesions examined 11 days to 2 years after coronary angioplasty. In 20 lesions examined within 6 months, proliferating smooth muscle cells were predominantly of the synthetic type and there was abundant extracellular matrix substance chiefly composed of proteoglycans. In eight lesions examined between 6 months and 2 years, contractile type smooth muscle cells were dominant and extracellular matrix was composed chiefly of collagen. In three lesions examined after 2 years, evidence of antemortem coronary angioplasty was hardly identifiable and these lesions were almost indistinguishable from conventional atherosclerotic plaque. These temporal changes in histologic pattern provide a pathologic background for clinical reports that restenosis is predominantly found within 6 months after coronary angioplasty. Morphometric analysis revealed that the extent of intimal proliferation was significantly greater in lesions with evidence of medial or adventitial tears than in lesions with no or only intimal tears.

Aged↗