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Biomedical subjects

H Ohira

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohira.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cultured rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 alpha stimulation.

This study investigated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, a leukocyte adhesion molecule, on cultured rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells during stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 alpha. Using immunoelectron microscopy and the immunogold technique against intercellular adhesion molecule-1, gold particles were shown to increase significantly on the surface of sinusoidal epithelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (100 U/ml) or interleukin-1 alpha (10 U/ml) for 8 h compared with unstimulated cells. In addition, semi-quantitative analysis of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the sinusoidal endothelial cells was performed by cytofluorometer. Even without stimulation, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was weakly expressed. However, 8 h after tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 alpha treatment, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic analysis showed that the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on sinusoidal endothelial cells treated with these cytokines increased gradually from the beginning of stimulation to 24 h. These findings suggest that hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells may mediate the direct interaction between leukocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells by expressing leukocyte adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The extracellular matrix in hepatocellular carcinoma shows different localization patterns depending on the differentiation and the histological pattern of tumors: immunohistochemical analysis.

This study investigated cells producing type I, III, and IV collagens, laminin, and fibronectin, the major components of the extracellular matrix, and compared their localization patterns in relation to the grade of tumor differentiation and the histological pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma. Type I, III, and IV collagens, laminin, and fibronectin were produced by tumor, endothelial, and Ito cells. Regarding their localization pattern in relation to the histological pattern of tumors, although the extracellular matrix was present in the subendothelial spaces of sinusoids in every histological pattern, the localization of these components in the intercellular spaces of tumor cells was most marked in hepatocellular carcinoma with a compact pattern. These results suggest that the extracellular matrix produced by tumor, endothelial, and Ito cells is deposited in appropriate positions in hepatocellular carcinoma to sustain the tissue structure showing different histological patterns. In relation to the grade of tumor differentiation, in most cases, Type I, III, and IV collagens and fibronectin were present in the subendothelial spaces of sinusoids and the intercellular spaces of some tumor cells, while little laminin was observed in well-differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma (less than 10 mm diameter). In undifferentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, little extracellular matrix was observed, except around vessels. These results suggest that sinusoidal capillarization may not yet have occurred in the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis, although it develops as the tumors increase in size and the tumor cells dedifferentiate. In undifferentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor cells are too atypical to produce each extracellular matrix component.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The effects of unconscious processing of hostility-related words and physiological arousal upon person perception].

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the physiological arousal and the prior subconscious processing of hostility-related words upon the cognitive complexity in person perception. First, sixteen male and 16 female college students performed a cognitive task in which they processed hostility-related words or neutral words unconsciously in a high arousal or a normal arousal state. In the second ostensibly unrelated task, the subjects were presented with an ambiguous description of target person's mild hostile behavior and they were asked to rate the impression of the target person on several SD-trait scales. It was found that the higher the subjects' arousal level was, the simpler the cognitive complexity became. Also, when the subjects processed neutral words in the high arousal state, individual differences of the impression were the largest. The effects of hostility-related words to decrease the individual differences in the high arousal state, however, were not found. These results indicate that physiological arousal may have an important role in the mechanisms of social cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ito cell contraction in response to endothelin-1 and substance P.

The contractile response of cultured Ito cells to endothelin-1 and substance P was examined. Ito cells were obtained from rat liver by perfusion with collagenase, followed by separation through centrifugal elutriation, and were cultured for 24 hr. The area of the Ito cells was measured after treatment with endothelin-1 or substance P at various concentrations in the culture medium. The area of the cells decreased dose dependently after treatment with endothelin-1 or substance P. The area of Ito cells before addition of interleukin-1 or substance P was defined as 100%. The area of the cells after treatment with endothelin-1 or substance P medium was expressed as the percentage against the area before treatment with endothelin-1 or substance P. The percentage in area after treatment with 200 nmol/L endothelin-1 was as follows: 81% +/- 13% at 30 min, 77% +/- 15% at 60 min, 87% +/- 15% at 120 min and 99% +/- 18% at 180 min. The maximal decrease in area occurred at 60 min after treatment. The percentage values for 200 nmol/L substance P were as follows: 88% +/- 15% at 10 min, 95% +/- 17% at 30 min and 101% +/- 17% at 60 min. The maximal decrease in area was noted at 10 min. Thus Ito cells contracted in response to treatment with endothelin-1 or substance P. The mode of the extent and onset of the contraction was different for the two peptides. These findings suggest that Ito cells are involved in the regulation of the hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Serum hyaluronate reflects hepatic sinusoidal capillarization.

BACKGROUND: Most of circulating hyaluronate has been commonly degraded by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). In hepatic sinusoidal capillarization, SECs morphologically change and also seem to decrease hyaluronate degradation. This work expands on the relationship between serum hyaluronate levels and changes in hepatic SECs accompanying hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. METHODS: Serum hyaluronate levels were determined using an enzyme binding assay system. Liver biopsy specimens were collected to examine basement-membrane formation, the localization of Weibel-Palade bodies, and the localization of factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) in SECs. RESULTS: Serum hyaluronate levels increased with the progression of liver disorder, being high in all patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients showing markedly high serum hyaluronate levels, 200 ng/mL or more, had liver cirrhosis involving the SECs, which showed basement-membrane formation, Weibel-Palade bodies, and FVIIIRAg and closely resembled vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the serum hyaluronate concentration allows the evaluation of morphological and functional changes that occur in SEC accompanying hepatic sinusoidal capillarization in various liver disorders. The findings also suggest that patients with high serum hyaluronate levels, 200 ng/mL or more, have liver cirrhosis with typical hepatic sinusoidal capillarization formed by SECs containing FVIIIRAg.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Facial feedback effects on impression formation.

Two experiments were conducted to examine effects of facial expressions upon social cognitive processes in which the impression of another person is formed. In each experiment, 30 female college students were induced to display or conceal their facial reactions to a hypothetical target person whose behaviors were mildly hostile (Exp. 1) or mildly friendly (Exp. 2), or their facial expressions were not manipulated. Displaying the facial expressions shifted the impression into the congruent directions with hedonic values corresponding to the facial expressions. Concealing the facial expressions, however, did not influence impression formation. Also, the positive-negative asymmetry was observed in the facial feedback effects, that is, the negative facial expression had a stronger effect on social cognition than the positive one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Isospora belli infection in a patient with adult T cell leukemia].

A 53-year-old man was hospitalized for the development of watery diarrhea associated with decreased appetite and progressive weight loss and was found to have leukocytosis. The white blood cell count was 14,600/microliters with 66 percent abnormal lymphocytes. Serum anti-HTLV-I was positive and monoclonal insertion of HTLV-I provirus into the atypical cell genome was confirmed with the southern blotting hybridization technique. A diagnosis of ATL was made. Examination of fresh stool specimens revealed Isospora belli (I. belli) oocysts. Initial treatment for I. belli consisted of oral trimethoprim 160mg and sulfamethoxazole 400mg given twice daily for nine days. Diarrhea ceased within 2 days of the start of treatment, but I. belli oocysts were again detected after 20 days. Trimethoprim 160mg and sulfamethoxazole 400mg were reinstituted four times daily for 10 days, and then twice daily for 21 days. The clinical response was again dramatic, with rapid clearance of oocysts from the stool. There has been no recurrence of diarrhea. The patient's leukemia was refractory to chemotherapy; the white blood cell count continued to rise, pneumonia developed, and the patient died. I. belli is a previously unrecognized opportunistic pathogen that must be considered in the clinical setting of chronic diarrhea in patients with ATL.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A hanger for thoracic surgery].

A new hanger for thoracic operation is introduced. This hanger for draping cloth is made for the purpose 1) of isolating the operative field from the anesthetist, 2) of keeping the broad hygienic area around the operator, 3) of keeping the area to handle the endotracheal tube for the anesthetist, 4) of keeping the area on the cranial side of the patient where the second assistant is able to stand, 5) of keeping the area for the watcher to stand.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Chronopharmacology of furosemide in the elderly.

The authors have previously reported the time-dependent change in the diuretic effects of furosemide, a loop diuretic agent, in young and middle-aged subjects. The current study was undertaken to examine an influence of aging on this chronopharmacologic phenomenon. Ten milligrams furosemide was given intravenously to 12 elderly subjects (greater than 70 years of age) at 9:00 AM (day trial) or at 9:00 PM (night trial) by a cross-over design. One-hour urine samples were collected for 3 hours after each administration, and urine volume and urinary excretions of sodium and furosemide were determined. Urine volume and urinary sodium excretion increased after furosemide administration. Contrary to the findings in the young and middle-aged subjects, no significant differences were observed in these parameters at any observation period between the day and night trials in the elderly subjects. Urinary furosemide excretion of the day and night trials did not significantly differ. These results suggest that the chronopharmacologic profiles of furosemide are altered in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Chronopharmacology of probucol in mice.

Mice were maintained under conditions of light from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. and dark from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. Probucol was given orally to these animals once daily at 10 a.m. or 10 p.m. for 7 days. Blood samples for serum cholesterol were obtained at 24 hours after the final dosage. Blood samples for plasma probucol were obtained just before and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after the final dosage. The cholesterol lowering effect of the agent at 10 p.m. was greater than that at 10 a.m. Plasma probucol concentrations of the two trials did not differ at any observation point. These data suggest that the effect of probucol varies with its time of administration. This might not be caused by a time-dependent change in plasma probucol concentration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[A mediating role of physiological arousal in social facilitation].

An experiment was conducted to examine the mediating role of physiological arousal in social facilitation. It was hypothesized that the elevation of arousal level by the presence of other persons or evaluative apprehension would facilitate task performance. Twenty-four male and 24 female college students performed simple task alone, with a cooperative person, or with a competitive person. One half of the subjects was given an instruction which would produce evaluative apprehension. Subjects' skin potential responses were measured as the indices of physiological arousal. Although the hypothesis was supported by the analysis of psycho-physiological index, but it was not at all by the self-reported index of arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of subconscious processing of anger-related words and physiological arousal on the emotion of anger and aggressive behavior].

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the prior subconscious processing of anger-related words and physiological arousal upon anger and aggressive behavior in a frustrated person. Sixteen male and 24 female college students participated in the experiment. First, the subjects performed a cognitive task in which they processed anger-related words or neutral words subconsciously in the high arousal or normal arousal state. In the second ostensibly unrelated task, the subjects were presented with a frustration story and they were asked to rate the intensity of anger which the victim in the story would feel, the victim's responses, and impressions of the frustrator, on several SD-trait scales. It was found that the subjects who processed anger-related words in high arousal state rated the victim as being in the most intense anger and aggressive in behavior and reported the impression of the frustrator as most negative. These findings were interpreted in terms of the network model of emotion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of clinical features, cytopathological findings and prognosis of histiocyte proliferative disorders].

Clinicopathological analysis was performed in 19 patients diagnosed clinically with malignant histiocytosis. Ultimately, 9 patients died and 10 are still alive. All 19 had fever of unknown origin. Among the 10 surviving patients, 6 recovered with only supportive therapy such as antibiotic treatment. One recovered with steroid therapy and 2 with VP (vincristine and prednisolone) therapy. Complications due to immunodeficiency were detected in one surviving patient and 2 who died. All 9 patients who died had anemia, and 8 had thrombocytopenia. However, among survivors, only one had anemia and only 2 had thrombocytopenia. Chromosomal abnormality was detected in one patient who died. Histiocytic cells were classified morphologically into 3 types: immature, intermediate and mature. In 4 patients who died, histiocytic cells were immature, but in 4 others mature histiocytic cells were detected. In 5 of the 10 surviving patients, histiocytic cells were of the immature type. Immuno-histochemical analysis of the origin of histiocytic cells in 8 deceased patients showed T-zone histiocytes in one, T cells in one, monocyte phagocytic system (MPS) in 5, and histiocytes of unknown origin in one. Thus, malignant histiocytosis is a heterogenous entity including reactive histiocytic disorder, lymphocytic neoplasm and true histiocytic neoplasm. In histiocyte proliferative disorders, red blood cell counts and platelet counts are useful for assessing prognosis, while cytological findings only confuse this evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Therapeutic effects of a combination treatment with flomoxef and tobramycin against infections complicated with hematological disorders].

The efficacy and safety of a combination regimen using flomoxef (FMOX) and tobramycin (TOB) were evaluated in the treatment of infections complicated with hematological disorders. The primary diseases in 40 patients included acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma and others. Complicated infections included 35 cases with suspected septicemia, 4 cases with septicemia and 1 case with pleuritis. Clinical responses were excellent in 10 (25.0%), good in 14 (35.0%), fair in 2 (5.0%) and poor in 14 (35.0%). The efficacy rate was 73.1% in patients with neutrophil counts higher than 501/microliters after administration, but it was 35.7% in patients with counts less than 501/microliters; the difference was statistically significant. No side effects were observed in any of the 40 patients. Abnormal laboratory data in liver functions were identified in 1 patient (2.5%). Degree of this abnormality was very slight, and the continuation of treatment was not disturbed. In conclusion, this combination therapy of FMOX and TOB thus appears to be useful and safe in therapies for infections complicated with hematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of panipenem/betamipron in severe infections complicating hematological disorders].

Forty-three patients with severe infections which were complicating hematological disorders were treated with panipenem/betamipron, and the efficacy and the safety of the drug were evaluated. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Out of 40 patients in whom efficacies are evaluable, the clinical responses were excellent in 17 patients, good in 4, fair in 7 and poor in 12, and the total clinical efficacy rate was 52.5%. 2. The efficacy rate in 7 patients who had failed to respond to prior treatment with other antibiotics was 57.1%. Thus, no significant difference was observed in efficacy rates between the patients who had failed to respond to prior treatment with other antibiotics and the patients who received no preceding antibiotics therapy. 3. Out of the 43 patients in whom the safety was evaluable, no side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chronopharmacology of trichlormethiazide in rats.

Trichlormethiazide was given orally at 1200 hrs or 2400 hrs to rats. Its diuretic effects were greater at 1200 hrs than at 2400 hrs. There were significant correlations between urinary trichlormethiazide and its effects in both trials. The regression lines of two trials did differ. These findings indicate that the effects of trichlormethiazide vary with its administration time. Time-dependent variations in urinary trichlormethiazide and susceptibility to the agent might be involved in this phenomenon.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Timing of administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor after cytotoxic chemotherapy in hematological malignancies].

We evaluated the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) given to 30 patients with hematological malignancies after cytotoxic chemotherapy. The first course of chemotherapy was not treated with rhG-CSF (control), and in the second to fourth courses, rhG-CSF was given by one of the following three ways to the patients (not necessarily in this order): 1) 10 days of administration starting 48 hr after chemotherapy, 2) 5 days of administration starting 48 hr after chemotherapy, and 3) 5 days of administration after the leukocyte counts reached to less than 2,000/microliters. The leukocyte nadirs were significantly higher in the course with 10 days of administration compared with the control course. The time needed for recovery from the leukocyte nadir was significantly shorter in 10-day course and 5-day course after the leukocyte counts reached to less than 2,000/microliters. The therapy spans became significantly shorter with all of the three patterns of administration of rhG-CSF compared with the control course. The number of days on which the leukocyte counts became less than 2,000/microliters were significantly fewer in 10-day course and 5-day course after the leukocyte counts became less than 2,000/microliters. These findings showed that rhG-CSF prevented severe neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (or) assisted the rapid recovery from neutropenia. These effects depend on the timing of its administration.

Acute Disease↗