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Biomedical subjects

H Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohashi.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Evidence that cell bodies of non-cholinergic, excitatory neurones which supply the smooth muscle of the chicken rectum are located in the ganglia of Remak's nerve.

1. A pharmacological investigation of the distribution of non-cholinergic excitatory nerve cell bodies was performed on the chicken's isolated perfused rectum with attached Remak's nerve supply. 2. Electrical stimulation of Remak's nerve trunk produced a contraction and a discharge of action potentials in the nerve branches which supply the smooth muscle of the rectum. Both responses were virtually blocked by hexamethonium when applied via the caudal mesenteric artery. 3. The contractile effect following stimulation of the nerve trunk was inhibited more effectively by hexamethonium when application was restricted to the trunk rather than to the intestine. 4. The contractile effect of stimulating the nerve branches was unaffected by hexamethonium. 5. It is concluded that ganglionic transmission, which is mediated by nicotinic receptors, occurs in the ganglia of Remak's nerve but not in ganglia of the enteric plexuses. Therefore, cell bodies of the postganglionic neurones which are considered to be non-cholinergic are located in Remak's nerve ganglia.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1980

Performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock.

No antibodies against Salmonella pullorum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, Marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. Antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus were detected in the sera of the 3rd generations at 66, 74 and 108 weeks of age. The performances of these chickens was nearly the same as that of conventional healthy chickens in the poultry industry, with no tendency to decline.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Heterogeneity of bucco-facial apraxia].

The authors have studied the bucco-facial apraxia (BFA) in 20 aphasic patients, examining 10 isolated oral gesture (IOG) and 10 combined oral gesture (COG). The heterogeneity of the BFA is indicated by the qualitative analysis of the types of errors in COG in relation to IOG. It is probably that the BFA due to the posterior lesions might base on the motor programming disorders of oral gestures, and that the BFA due to the anterior lesions on the motor realization disorders of oral gestures. It remains unsolved whether there is a continuity or some varieties between two types of BFA.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of peptic digestion on emptying of cooked liver in dogs.

By speeding the fragmentation of meat, peptic digestion might accelerate gastric emptying. To examine this possibility, mongrel dogs prepared with chronic duodenal fistulas were fed steak and 99mTc-labeled chicken liver, measuring 99mTc in all chyme exiting from the stomach out the duodenal fistula allowed quantitation of the gastric emptying of 99mTc-liver. Emptying was studied during relatively uninhibited gastric propulsion when the proximal bowel was perfused with chyme or fat. When chyme was diverted, the speed of emptying varied with peptic activity in the stomach--that is, it was increased by orogastric perfusion with acid-pepsin (vs. a control perfusion of pH 7 buffer) or, alternately, was decreased from the unperfusion stomach by i.v. cimetidine (vs. i.v. saline). By contrast, no effect of altering peptic conditions was observed when chyme was allowed access to the proximal bowel (the more normal situation), or when the duodenum was perfused with fat. We conclude that duodenal inhibition may override the effect of peptic digestion on the emptying of liver. We postulate that inhibition of gastric contractions limits the grinding of liver into particles susceptible to peptic digestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Studies on laser surgery of erosio portionis (author's transl)].

Seventy cases of erosio portionis were treated by the carbon dioxide laser beam and all cases were cured by the 6th week. The healing process was studied histologically and cytologically, and then therapeutic procedure was standardized. Histologically, the majority of lamina propria was vaporized by the laser beam. Below the vaporized surface area, a very superficial necrotic tissue could be seen. But the zone of necrosis was gradually thickened by stromal ischemic changes and the necrotic tissue was exfoliated by the 3rd week. After a complete removal of this lamina propria, a granulation tissue was formed and then the secondary stroma could be found. On the granulation tissue, reserve cell hyperplasia and consequently squamous metaplasia could be found in the 1st-4th week. Then, by the 6th week, normal squamous epithelium could be seen. Cytologically, the nuclei and cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells were greatly elongated and thin immediately after laser surgery. Tissue repair cells and metaplastic cells were found 1st-4th week after laser surgery. For curing of erosio portionis, lamina propria must be removed by the lack of 3-4 mm peripheral and 6-7 mm central tissues forming a funnel shaped.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Histological investigation on the so-called urethral syndrome.

The urethral syndrome is generally not associated clinically with urethral changes, however, histology often reveals inflammatory or degenerative alterations. The conventionally diagnosed urethral syndrome can certainly be considered to be a synonym of chronic urethritis in adult females. The remarkable histological lesions were rupture of elastic fibers in the submucosa and the vascular wall, and a decrease of acid mucopolysaccharides in each layer of the urethra, accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The appearance of noradrenaline and adrenaline and the developmental changes in the their concentrations in the gut of the chick.

1. The times of appearance and the concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were determined fluorimetrically in the gut of the embryonic and developing chick. 2. In the duodenum and jejunum, noradrenaline was detected in embryos on the 12th day of incubation. The concentration continued to increase throughout the embryonic stage and attained a maximum within 3 days of hatching. Afterwards, it decreased to about one-third of the peak level. No adrenaline was detectable in most stages of development. 3. In the rectum, noradrenaline was detected in embryos on the 12th day of incubation; both noradrenaline and adrenaline were invariably found on the 15th day of incubation. The concentrations of both amines fluctuated after hatching, but the amount of adrenaline was always approximately 40% of the amount of noradrenaline, except in the adult.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Evidence that adrenaline is released from adrenergic neurones in the rectum of the fowl.

1 The rectum isolated from the fowl was perfused with Tyrode solution via the caudal mesenteric artery. Noradrenaline and adrenaline were biologically or fluorimetrically assayed in perfusates collected before and during stimulation of Remak's nerve or of the periarterial nerves.2 Perfusates collected during nerve stimulation relaxed the chick rectum and rat stomach strips which served as assay tissues. This effect was attributed to the action of noradrenaline or adrenaline released from adrenergic nerve endings which appeared in the perfusates.3 Perfusates obtained during stimulation (30 Hz for 60 s) of Remak's nerve contained both noradrenaline and adrenaline when measured fluorimetrically. The mean output per stimulus train was 0.8 +/- 0.2 ng/g wet wt. tissue for noradrenaline and 1.7 +/- 0.2 ng/g wet wt. tissue for adrenaline (n = 7). Perfusates obtained during stimulation (30 Hz for 60 s) of the periarterial nerves contained noradrenaline in a concentration of 1.6 +/- 0.3 ng/g wet wt. tissue per stimulus train, but almost no adrenaline (n = 7).4 Neither stimulation of Remak's nerve nor the periarterial nerves liberated catecholamines when the rectum was perfused with Tyrode solution containing low Ca(2+) (0.1 mM) and high Mg(2+) (10 mM).5 Infusion of high potassium solution (50 mM) increased markedly the output of noradrenaline and adrenaline.6 Adrenaline as well as noradrenaline may function as the adrenergic neurotransmitter in the rectum of the fowl.

Animals↗