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Biomedical subjects

H Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohashi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Systemic atrioventricular valve replacement in an infant with corrected transposition of the great arteries.

A 3-month-old infant with corrected transposition of the great arteries and severe systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation due to "Ebstein-like anomaly" is reported. Through a right thoracotomy and longitudinal left atrial incision, a 19-mm St. Jude Medical valve was implanted into the annulus without removing the native valve. He is doing well 7 months after operation.

Ebstein Anomaly↗
PubMed1992

Expression of a monoclonal antibody (3G5) defined ganglioside antigen in the renal cortex.

The monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3G5 was found, by indirect immunofluorescence, to bind to renal cortical structures in frozen sections of human, rat and calf kidneys. Double indirect immunofluorescence studies on frozen sections of rat kidneys showed that 3G5 stained only the glomerulus and the distribution of the 3G5 antigen on the glomerulus was more extensive than the staining observed with antibodies to Factor VIII antigen. 3G5 stained the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules in bovine renal sections but glomeruli did not stain with 3G5. The 3G5 mAb did not stain tissue cultured bovine glomerular endothelial cells or mesangial cells, but did stain bovine glomerular epithelial cell cultures. 3G5 did not stain MDCK cell cultures. The binding of mAb 3G5 to glomeruli was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy of rat renal tissue. In contrast to the podocyte specificity on bovine glomerular cells in vitro, it was found that the specificity of 3G5 expression on rat glomerular cells in vivo was broader. No binding of mAb 3G5 was found outside the glomerulus in the rat renal cortex. Podocytes, endothelial cells and capsular epithelial cells expressed the 3G5 antigen most strongly. A lesser amount of binding was found in the glomerular basement membrane. The mesangium showed a little binding of mAb 3G5 and no binding at all was found to other cortical structures. The 3G5 antigen in rat renal tissue was found to be a glycolipid that migrated between the ganglioside markers GM2 and GM1 by immunostaining of thin layer chromatograms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

High-yield production of recombinant endothelin-1.

A fusion protein (pETB-42P), which encodes the 42-amino acid leader peptide and the 38-amino acid peptide of human big endothelin (ET)-1, was synthesized in Escherichia coli, isolated as inclusion bodies, and purified by DEAE-chromatography. Trypsin digestion of the purified pETB-42P gave big ET-1(1-37) in a yield of 70%; then pepsin digestion of the purified big ET-1(1-37) gave ET-1(1-21) in a yield of 74% (overall yield: 52%). Sequential trypsin and pepsin digestions of the purified fusion protein in the same reaction vessel also allowed recovery of ET-1 in a yield of 60%. One milligram of ET-1 or 2.0 mg of big ET-1(1-37) was obtained from 1.8 liters of culture broth. Recombinant ET-1 thus obtained was identical to authentic ET-1 in terms of amino acid sequence and vasoconstrictor potency, and recombinant big ET-1(1-37) had almost the same in vitro and in vivo biological activities as big ET-1(1-38).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Effects of cromakalim on the contraction and the membrane potential of the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach.

1. The effects of cromakalim on mechanical and electrical activities of the circular smooth muscles of guinea-pig stomach antrum were observed. 2. Cromakalim (greater than 1 x 10(-7) M) decreased the amplitude of spontaneous rhythmic contractions and also the acetylcholine-enhanced spontaneous contractions. Cromakalim was less effective against the 25.9 mM and 35.9 mM K(+)-induced tonic contractions. 3. Glibenclamide (1 x 10(-6) M) itself caused no detectable change in the spontaneous contractions, those potentiated by acetylcholine or tonic contractions induced by high K+ solutions, but attenuated the actions of cromakalim. On the other hand, charybdotoxin (3 x 10(-8) M) increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions but failed to affect the actions of cromakalim. 4. Cromakalim (greater than 1 x 10(-6) M) decreased the amplitude and duration of slow waves, and hyperpolarized the membrane. These actions of cromakalim were completely antagonized by 1 x 10(-6) M glibenclamide, whereas part of the effects of cromakalim on mechanical activity was resistant to glibenclamide. 5. The results suggest that the inhibition by cromakalim of the electrical activity and the hyperpolarization, which may be associated with the opening of glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channel, are responsible for its inhibitory action on circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. Further, some effects independent of glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channel may also be responsible for the mechanical effect.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Membrane potential and current responses to neurotensin in the longitudinal muscle of the rectum of the fowl.

1. The effects of neurotensin (NT) on membrane potential and membrane current of the longitudinal smooth muscle of chicken rectum were investigated by intracellular recording and whole-cell voltage clamp. 2. NT (3 nM-1.2 microM), when applied via the bathing medium, produced a concentration-dependent membrane depolarization with an EC50 of 18 +/- 2 nM (n = 7) which was accompanied by an increase in the membrane conductance. The effect was biphasic: an initial, rapid depolarization reached a peak within 2-3 min and then declined to a lower but still elevated level which was sustained until washout. 3. Excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps), which were non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) in nature, were decreased in amplitude and total duration in the presence of NT (0.6 microM). The depression of the e.j.p. was due mainly to the reduction of the membrane resistance. 4. When NT was applied locally by means of pressure ejection from a micropipette containing NT, some cells responded with a membrane depolarization and some failed to respond, whereas e.j.ps could invariably be elicited from all of them. 5. In single muscle cells enzymatically isolated from the muscle and dialyzed under voltage clamp at -50 mV with a CsCl-rich solution, NT (5 or 10 microM) produced an inward current. NT-induced inward currents were obtained with inclusion of 10 mM EGTA in the pipette solution and their reversal potential was around 0 mV. In cells dialyzed under voltage clamp at 0 mV with a KCl-rich solution, NT (5 microM) produced a brief outward current followed by abolition of spontaneous transient outward currents.6. The present results suggest that the membrane depolarization, which may arise from activation of non-selective cation channels, and release of calcium from internal stores produced by neurotensin are responsible for its contractile activity in the longitudinal smooth muscle of chicken rectum. Further, the depolarizing effect may provide support for the involvement of NT in the NANC transmission in this preparation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

GTP-binding protein involvement in membrane currents evoked by carbachol and histamine in guinea-pig ileal muscle.

1. Single smooth muscle cells obtained by enzymic dispersion of the longitudinal muscle layer of guinea-pig ileum were used for recording membrane currents under whole-cell voltage clamp in response to carbachol (100 microM, unless otherwise stated) or histamine (100 microM) applied extracellularly. 2. At a holding potential of 0 mV, a transient outward current was evoked by carbachol and histamine. Responses to the two agonists were very similar in size and time course to the current response to caffeine (10 mM). The response to carbachol was virtually absent in the presence of histamine, and vice versa. Caffeine was without effect in the presence of either of these agonists. Inclusion of EGTA (10 or 20 mM) in the pipette abolished the responses to carbachol, histamine and caffeine. Thus, the outward current responses were considered to represent opening of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in response to a massive release of Ca2+ from the same stores by these three agents. 3. An inward current was evoked by carbachol and histamine, but not by caffeine at a holding potential of -40 mV, which was considered to represent opening of cationic channels. The carbachol-induced inward current was much longer in duration and larger in size than the histamine-induced inward current. 4. Inclusion of GDP beta S (2 mM) in the pipette abolished the inward and outward current responses to histamine, but inhibited only part of those to carbachol. 5. When the holding potential was held at 0 mV with inclusion of GTP gamma S (0.1-1 mM) in the pipette, spontaneous transient outward currents appeared immediately after break-through but disappeared a few minutes later. Under these conditions, caffeine (10 mM) was almost without effect, suggesting that GTP gamma S had released Ca2+ stores. When the holding potential was held at -40 mV and GTP gamma S (0.1 or 0.2 mM) was present in the pipette, an inward current developed a few minutes after break-through. During the GTP gamma S-induced inward current, application of carbachol or histamine produced no further inward current. However, when 0.01 mM-GTP gamma S was included in the pipette solution, carbachol- and histamine-induced inward currents were potentiated. 6. Pretreated with 2-5 micrograms/ml pertussis toxin (PTX) did not change noticeably the outward current responses to carbachol and histamine, but abolished or markedly reduced the inward current responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Activation of aerobic bacteria used as BOD measurement of seawater].

Waste of seawater used for cooling water for machines in some kinds of industries in a littoral district in Sakai City, comes under the application of BOD control of the pollution control ordinance in Osaka Prefecture. But unfortunately the BOD measurement method of seawater sample has not been established. In order to establish the measurement method, we studied the strength of activation of aerobic bacteria in the incubation water used and the dilution water. From our results it was proved that we can use the incubation seawater consisting of more than 10(3) cells/ml general bacteria count and more than 0.50 microgram/l ATP (Adenosin triphosphate) as the incubation water and the artificial seawater as the dilution water.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

[Biological effects of exposure to high frequency electromagnetics on rabbits and guinea pigs].

To investigate the biological effects of exposure to feeble high frequency electromagnetism, skin surface temperature, blood vessel (arterioles and venules) diameter were examined, using infrared thermography, a laser doppler flowmeter, and a video microscope, respectively, in the ear of rabbits. After exposing the ear of rabbits to high frequency electromagnetism value of 9 MHz for 15 minutes, continued rising of local temperature was demonstrated. Though dilatation of arterioles was not seen. In addition, venules tended to dilate and blood flow also to increase, and microcirculation was accelerated at the site where electromagnetism was exposed. Hazardous effects of long term exposures of high frequency electromagnetism (9 MHz for 30 days, 8 hours/day) on guinea pigs were not observed in their behavior, food consumption, body and organ weights, hematological and biochemical values, macroscopic and microscopic findings on autopsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Wegener's granulomatosis in a patient with a rheumatoid arthritis.

A 38-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who developed Wegener's granulomatosis is described. Wegener's granulomatosis appeared with saddle nose, perforation in her nasal septum, and granuloma in the nasal cavity. Laboratory evaluation showed a positive rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complex. Radiographic examination revealed ankylotic changes in both wrist and elbow joints. Bilateral anosmia and other disease manifestations completely responded to treatment with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Asymptomatic multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma].

From January 1982 to December 1989, we experienced seven multilocular cystic renal cell carcinomas (MLCRCCs) in 36 asymptomatic renal cancers incidentally diagnosed, and none in 23 symptomatic renal cancers (p less than 0.05). No multiocular cystic nephromas (MLCNs) appeared in either group. Though MLCRCCs have been considered to be, in general, extremely rare, they do occur in asymptomatic renal cancers. A multiloculated renal mass with thick septum discovered in an adult by ultrasonography or CT scan should be suspected as being a MLCRCC rather than a MLCN.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of Noonan syndrome with neurogenic bladder].

We report a case of Noonan syndrome with neurogenic bladder. The patient was a 33-year-old man with a chief complaint of difficulty in urination, urinary frequency, and incontinence of urine. He had also various malformations, as deformities of the face, skull and hard palate, webbed neck, nail abnormality, edema of the lower extremities, contraction of visual field, deafness, malrotation of the intestine and so on. The case was diagnosed as Noonan syndrome because his karyotype of chromosome was 46, XY. Malformations of the urogenital organs were mild malrotation of bilateral kidneys, a right renal cyst, left cryptorchidism and pseudo phimosis. The uroflowmetrogram of the case showed a saw-like and flat pattern, with urination starting by tapping lower abdomen by himself. The cystometry and electromyogram of the external sphincter revealed neurogenic bladder with uninhibited contraction and detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia. This is the first case of Noonan syndrome with neurogenic bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between bladder trigone and bladder neck induced by traction of an indwelling balloon catheter with a spring balance and parameters of cystometrogram].

Sensation of the bladder trigone and bladder neck induced by traction of an indwelling balloon catheter with a spring balance and cystometry was evaluated in 393 males and 106 females. Male patients with an average age of 56.9 +/- 15.9 (mean +/- standard deviation) years old (range 17 to 88 years) were divided into 7 groups as follows: 19 patients without any micturitional disturbance, uregency and chronic prostatitis (11 patients), benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) (131 patients), cervical or thoracic cord compression disorders (67 patients), lumbar vertebral disorders (114 patients), other peripheral nerve disorders associated with diabetes mellitus, post operative status of rectum cancer and others (27 patients) and brain diseases (24 patients). Female patients with an average age of 55.2 +/- 15.5 years old (range 17 to 88 years) were divided into 6 groups as follows: 24 patients without any neurological problems, urgency (7 patients), cervical or thoracic cord compression disorders (11 patients), lumbar vertebral disorders (37 patients), other peripheral nerve disorders (18 patients) and brain diseases (9 patients). The observed sensation, first desire to void (FDV) and maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) were evaluated statistically in relation to clinical factors (e.g. disease group, generation and patterns of cystometrogram). The correlation between the sensation and FDV or MCC in these patients were assessed by linear regression analysis. Sensation of normal males was 334.2 +/- 159.7 g on the average and correlated well with FDV (r = 0.88, y = 375x - 189.4). Sensation of normal females was 373.3 +/- 199.5 g on the average. However, there was no correlation (r = 0.35) between sensation and FDV in females. In males, the means of sensation obtained in patients with other peripheral nerve disorders (557.3 +/- 314.5 g) was significantly larger than the means of normal subjects (p less than 0.001), and patients with uregency and chronic prostatitis (236.4 +/- 148.3 g, p less than 0.01), BPH (424.1 +/- 215.6 g, p less than 0.001), cervical or thoracic cord compression disorders (349.0 +/- 229.5 g p less than 0.001), lumbar vertebral disorders (349.7 +/- 201.7 g, p less than 0.001) or brain diseases (490.6 +/- 305.0 g, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the differences in the means of sensation between BPH and lumbar vertebral disorders (p less than 0.05) or brain diseases (p less than 0.05) were statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Catheterization↗
PubMed1992

Remission induction of acute promyelocytic leukemia by all-trans-retinoic acid: molecular evidence of restoration of normal hematopoiesis after differentiation and subsequent extinction of leukemic clone.

Sequential molecular and cellular changes during remission induction were investigated in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). By means of clonality analysis, the assessment of the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene alterations, as well as conventional cytologic studies, it was demonstrated that remission induction of APL by ATRA proceeds in two steps: first, the differentiation of the leukemic clone to mature granulocytes and its subsequent extinction; second, proliferation/differentiation of the residual normal clones to restore polyclonal hematopoiesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term results of the Blalock-Taussig shunts].

One-hundred and thirty-six patients received the classical Blalock-Taussig shunts between 1980 and 1990. Their age range at operation was 4 days to 12.8 years and their median age was 13 months. The operative mortality rate was 0.7% (1/136). The survivors were followed up from 1 month to 11.5 years, 5.4 years in average. Twenty-five patients required another shunt and the mean interval to that procedure was 2.4 years (modified Blalock-Taussig 23, classical Blalock-Taussig 2, Glenn 1, internal mammary artery-pulmonary artery shunt 1). Forty-five patients received corrective operations, there were four operative deaths (Fontan 2, Rastelli 2). There were 15 late deaths of which three deaths were not cardiogenic. One year after operation, 91.0% of patients remained in well-palliated condition. At three years after operation, 76.4% of patients continued to be in well-palliated condition. There were twelve neonates in this series. Their age range was 4 to 26 days and their median age was 13 days. There was no operative death. Five patients required second shunt. There were two late deaths. At present, six patients continue to be in well-palliated condition 8 months to 9 years after first operation. Angiographic findings showed the stenotic change of the vascular anastomoses in 49.3% (35/71) of patients. This study suggests that polydioxanone suture (PDS) will be useful for the growth of the anastomoses in Blalock-Taussig operation.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

[A successful operative case of congenital mitral stenosis associated with double outlet right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus, persistent left superior vena cava and severe pulmonary hypertension in adult].

A 29-year-old woman, who was diagnosed as congenital mitral stenosis associated with DORV, PDA, PLSVC and severe pulmonary hypertension, was reported. The mitral valve, consisting of leaflet dysplasia, shortened and thickened chordae tendineae, obliteration of interchordal spaces, under-development of papillary muscle, and stenotic supravalvular membrane, was replaced with 25 SJM prosthesis. Simultaneously, patch closure of VSD and intrapulmonary direct closure of PDA was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure fell down from 95 mmHg to 56 mmHg. She is doing well after correction. To our knowledge, this is very rare corrective case with congenital mitral stenosis in adult to be reported in the literature in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Accessory tricuspid valve--a report of two cases].

Accessory tricuspid valve is a rare cardiac anomaly. We describe two cases with accessory tricuspid valve. Case 1: A 7-year-old boy underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Under deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, right ventricle was opened. An accessory tricuspid leaflet was noted to the right side of the VSD attaching to the infundibular septum from medial papillary muscle as a chordal origin. After excision of the accessory tricuspid leaflet, the VSD was closed with a Dacron patch followed by relieve of the right ventricular outflow obstruction and pulmonary valvotomy. Case 2: A 8-year-old boy had Rastelli operation to correct transposition of the great arteries. An accessory leaflet originated from the medial papillary muscle and was floating like a parachute in the way between VSD and aorta. There was no additional apparatus in the pathway between the VSD and aorta after excision of the accessory tricuspid leaflet. Intraventricular tunnel was created with a Dacron patch. Extracardiac conduit between the right ventricle and the distal pulmonary artery was constructed using a valved pericardial roll.

Child↗