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Biomedical subjects

H Oguchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Oguchi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Eosinophilia associated with chronic pancreatitis: an analysis of 122 patients with definite chronic pancreatitis.

Among 122 patients with chronic pancreatitis, marked eosinophilia (greater than 500 eosinophils/mm3 in the peripheral blood) was observed in 21 cases (17.2%). All of the affected patients were males, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of eosinophilia between patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic pancreatitis. In the patients with eosinophilia, endocrine pancreatic function was maintained comparatively well, despite marked exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. The eosinophilia of chronic pancreatitis frequently developed in association with severe damage to neighboring organs (pleural effusion, pericarditis, and ascites), as well as in association with pancreatic pseudocyst. Our findings suggest that there is a close correlation between marked eosinophilia and severe tissue injury during acute exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A multi-institute case-control study on the risk factors of developing pancreatic cancer.

A multi-institute, hospital-based, case-control study on pancreatic cancer was carried out to examine its association with preceding diseases, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors. Analyses were based on 124 newly diagnosed exocrine pancreatic cancer cases and sex-, age- and institute-matched hospital controls in seven hospitals in Japan. Cigarette smoking showed a positive association with the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Especially among smokers, a risk enhancing effect of involuntary/passive smoking prior to twenty years of age was observed (P < 0.05). No consistent associations were found with coffee, black tea or alcohol consumption. Among dietary factors, favoring food of a salty taste and drinking green tea five cups per day or more were positively associated with the risk. Drinking milk and eating fish everyday were inversely associated with the risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis virus infection (HBV and HCV) in eleven Japanese hemodialysis units.

To evaluate hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hemodialysis (HD) units, serum samples from 607 HD patients and 150 staff members at 11 HD units in Japan were collected, and were compared with those from 704 ordinary blood donors as a control. Serum samples subjected to a first generation ELISA for antibody to HCV (anti-C100-3) and were tested by ELISA for HB surface antigen (HBs-Ag), antibody to HBs-Ag, and antibody to HB core antigen (anti-HBc) as HBV markers. We also tested for HCV infection with a second generation ELISA (for antibodies to C22-3, C33c, and C100-3) in 120 HD patients and 30 staff members at 2 selected HD units. Of 607 HD patients, 104 (17%) were positive for anti-C100-3 and 221 (36%) for HBV markers, indicating a much higher prevalence of HCV and HBV infection among HD patients than among ordinary blood donors (0.9% and 18%, respectively). Of 159 patients without a history of blood transfusion, 17 (11%) were positive for anti-C100-3, showing that HCV infection can be acquired without transfusion. The incidence of anti-C100-3 varied from 0% to 53% at different HD units, and HBV markers varied from 17% to 50%. Our study detected a high prevalence of co-infection with HBV and HCV, suggesting that HCV infection may contribute to chronic liver dysfunction in HD patients. Out of 150 staff members, 3 (2%) were positive for anti-C100-3, whereas 25 (17%) were positive for anti-HBc (indicating prior HBV infection).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of ovarian tumors by transvaginal Doppler ultrasound with color flow imaging].

Ovarian carcinoma is a silent disease with few symptoms. Early detection of ovarian cancer is difficult. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound with color flow imaging is a new technique in the evaluation of gynecological diseases. This method was used in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors in 39 women who were treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Hospital. Wave forms of the parenchymal tumor arteries or tumor surface arteries were compared by according to the pulsatility index (PI). 1/PI was 0.69 +/- 0.04 in benign tumor and 2.33 +/- 1.36 in malignant tumors (p less than 0.01). When the cutoff value of 1/PI was set at 0.8 (cutoff value of PI: 1.25), the accuracy of diagnosis was 84.6% (33/39). The accuracy of ultrasonographic pattern classification and CA125 were 74.4% (29/39) and 53.8% (21/39), respectively. In 18 tumors with low CA125 (less than 35 U/ml), 5 of 7 malignant tumors (71.4%) had high 1/PI (greater than 0.8), and benign tumor, low 1/PI (less than 0.8) or non-detectable wave forms. This procedure should prove to be useful in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of pravastatin on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome.

The nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia associated with an increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of pravastatin, a novel competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with this syndrome and marked hyperlipidemia. Eleven adult patients received 10 mg of pravastatin twice daily for 4 to 8 weeks. The total serum cholesterol decreased from 426 +/- 44 to 309 +/- 18 mg/dl (-27.4%, mean +/- S.E.; p less than 0.01) following administration of pravastatin. The serum triglyceride decreased from 332 +/- 122 to 229 +/- 50 mg/dl (-30.9%), although this change was not significant. Despite the fact that the HDL cholesterol level was barely changed (51 +/- 7 to 51 +/- 6 mg/dl), the LDL cholesterol fell from 313 +/- 30 to 211 +/- 16 mg/dl (-32.5%; p less than 0.005), and the LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio fell from 7.57 +/- 1.59 to 4.94 +/- 0.88 (-34.8%; p less than 0.05). These changes caused the atherogenic index to decline from 9.6 +/- 2.4 to 6.1 +/- 1.2 (-36.5%; p less than 0.05). No significant alterations could be found among apolipoproteins A-1, A-2, B, C-2, C-3, and E. During the present study period, pravastatin was well tolerated and did not affect the serum protein, albumin, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, or urine protein excretion. Also, there were no serious adverse effects. Pravastatin appears to be effective for treating patients with hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A case of IgA nephritis showing diffuse podocytic detachment from the glomerular basement membrane.

We report the case of a 15-year-old Japanese female with severe mesangial proliferative IgA glomerulonephritis who showed a dramatic response to cocktail therapy for nephrotic syndrome. She had suddenly developed massive proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. The first renal biopsy at one month after onset revealed severe mesangial hypercellularity and podocytic detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The cocktail therapy resulted in a decrease of proteinuria clinically, and a second biopsy demonstrated repair of the podocytic detachment. We suggest that the massive proteinuria in this case was due to destruction of the size barrier by detachment of podocytes from the GBM, and the repair of the podocytic covering on the GBM was accelerated by the cocktail therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound with color flow imaging in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound with color flow imaging is a new technique for the evaluation of gynecologic diseases. This method was used for the diagnosis of ovarian tumors in 24 women treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan. Waveforms of the parenchymal tumor arteries or tumor surface arteries were compared using values of the pulsatility index (PI). The value for 1/PI was 0.69 +/- 0.05 in benign tumors and 1.87 +/- 0.65 in malignant tumors (P less than .01). When the cutoff value of 1/PI was set at 0.8 (cutoff value of PI was 1.25), the accuracy of diagnosis was 95.8% (23 of 24). Among 11 tumors with low CA 125 (less than 35 U/mL), all five malignant tumors had high 1/PI (above 0.8), and all benign tumors had low 1/PI (less than 0.8) or nondetectable waveforms. Based on the findings of this study, color flow Doppler proved to be useful for diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Elevation of serum CA 19-9 in parallel with HbA1c in a diabetic female with the Lewis(a+b-) blood group.

We report a 66-yr-old diabetic female with her serum CA 19-9 levels elevated in parallel with her hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. She was initially suspected of having pancreatic cancer, but this was later proved to be false. Her serum CA 19-9 levels varied between 58 and 235 U/ml over a 3-yr period, and correlated significantly (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01) with her HbA1c levels (7.2-13.3%). She belonged to the Lewis (a+b-) blood group. Serum CA 19-9 levels were also assessed in 73 diabetic patients (36 males and 37 females) in relation to sex and Lewis blood group. The mean level of serum CA 19-9 was higher in females than in males in each Lewis blood group, and it was the highest in patients with Le(a+b-) and the lowest in Le(a-b-). Patients with a higher level of HbA1c showed a higher level of serum CA 19-9 in Le(a+b-), but patients with Le(a-b-) showed a low level of serum CA 19-9 irrespective of HbA1c level. Patients with Le(a-b+) appeared to intermediate between the patients with Le(a+b-) Le(a-b-). Thus, the elevation of serum CA 19-9 level due to hyperglycemia was indicated to be affected by sex as well as Lewis blood group. The biosynthesis of CA 19-9 seemed to be accelerated in hyperglycemic diabetic patients, especially in females. Consequently, it was considered that the present case was a diabetic female with the Le(a + b -) blood group, which led to showing a relatively high level of serum CA 19-9 correlated with HbA1c level.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Contribution of hyperglycemia and renal damage to urinary C-peptide clearance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

The variation of urinary C-peptide clearance in relation to hyperglycemia and renal damage was evaluated in 57 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with and without overt proteinuria, 14 nondiabetic patients with renal disease (RD) and 18 healthy control subjects. Urinary C-peptide clearance expressed as the ratio of urinary C-peptide to creatinine clearance (CCP/CCR) in the fasting state did not differ in control subjects and RD patients, and was higher equally in NIDDM patients with and without proteinuria. In NIDDM patients without overt proteinuria, urinary levels of C-peptide, beta 2-microglobulin (B2M), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin as well as CCP/CCR ratio all decreased significantly with short-term glycemic control (P less than 0.05). Despite a wide range of CCP/CCR ratio (0.07-0.73), a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.56, P less than 0.005) was found between fasting serum and urinary C-peptide levels in NIDDM patients. These results suggest that urinary C-peptide may easily be affected by hyperglycemia per se rather than renal damage, while urinary B2M, NAG and albumin may be affected by both hyperglycemia and renal damage. When the urinary C-peptide level is interpreted, the influence of hyperglycemia on it must be taken into consideration.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

Elevated serum levels of Dupan-2 in pancreatic cancer patients negative for Lewis blood group phenotype.

CA19-9, a serum marker for pancreatic cancer, gives false-negative results in patients who are negative for the Lewis blood group phenotype. To determine whether other markers may compensate for this drawback, serum levels of CA50, Span-1, sialyl SSEA-1 and Dupan-2 were assayed and compared with those of CA19-9 in 207 normal subjects and in 200 patients with pancreatic carcinoma whose Lewis blood group phenotypes were confirmed. In normal subjects with the Lewis negative phenotype, the serum levels of CA50 and Span-1, as well as CA19-9, were significantly low, whereas those of sialyl SSEA-1 were independent of the Lewis blood group phenotype. Serum levels of Dupan-2 were significantly higher in normal subjects with the Le (a-b-) phenotype as compared with those with Le(a-b+). The sensitivity for pancreatic carcinoma was 81% for CA19-9, 84% for CA50, 82% for Span-1, 51% for sialyl SSEA-1 and 63% for Dupan-2. Among the 39 CA19-9 negative patients, 13 were determined as being Lewis negative by the serum dot-ELISA technique. Although the positive rates were essentially comparable when each marker was combined with CA19-9, a highly elevated serum level of Dupan-2, which strongly suggested the presence of malignancy, was most frequently encountered in 39 patients who were not diagnosed by CA19-9 assay, especially those with Lewis negative blood groups. With regard to the three other markers, we found few patients with a highly elevated serum level in either the Lewis-negative or -positive groups. We conclude that Dupan-2 tended to be elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer who were negative for the Lewis blood group phenotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Morphometric study of glomerular slit diaphragms fixed by rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution.

The widths of slit diaphragms in rat glomeruli were quantitatively measured on electron micrographs obtained by the rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution (FS) fixation method and compared to those prepared by conventional chemical fixation procedures, such as tannic acid, glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide (TGO) or glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide (GO) fixation. When fixed by FS using 2% osmium tetroxide, glomerular slit diaphragms had widths of 33.8 +/- 3.6 nm, but when fixed by TGO or GO they had widths of 47.0 +/- 4.3 and 48.7 +/- 5.5 nm, respectively. The width of slit diaphragms was significantly narrower after cryofixation than after conventional TGO or GO fixation (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the distance between neighboring foot processes at 50 nm from slit diaphragms was significantly narrower after cryofixation (P less than 0.001). The widths were 98.6 +/- 17.1 nm after TGO fixation, 122.0 +/- 29.3 nm after GO fixation and only 54.8 +/- 18.7 nm after FS fixation. These foot processes were significantly broader after FS fixation. The foot processes were 179.2 +/- 59.4 nm in breadth after TGO fixation (P less than 0.001), 188.8 +/- 78.2 nm after GO fixation (P less than 0.01) and 235.1 +/- 87.2 nm after FS fixation. These results suggest that the cytoplasm of foot processes shrinks when the tissue is prepared by conventional chemical fixation methods, and that the broadening of slit diaphragms is an artifact separation of the margins of adjacent foot processes due to shrinkage. We propose that TGO fixation alters the structure of slit diaphragms by causing them to shrink.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Preparation of pancreatic cancer-associated mucin expressing CA19-9, CA50, Span-1, sialyl SSEA-1, and Dupan-2.

A new antigen associated with pancreatic cancer was prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography using Fab'-Sepharose beads. This antigen was a glycoprotein of large molecular weight (Mr greater than 8,000,000) in its native state, estimated by size exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S400. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotting analysis, several cancer-associated glycoconjugates, including CA19-9, CA50, Span-1, Dupan-2, and sialyl SSEA-1, were detected on the antigenic moiety of Mr 90,000. By an enzyme immunoassay for the antigen, elevated levels were found in pooled sera obtained from patients with various malignant and non-malignant diseases and normal subjects. However, the enhanced expression of CA19-9, Lewisa, or Lewisb epitope on the antigen molecule was restricted to the pooled sera from patients with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, antigens from pancreatic or gastric cancer expressed ligands with intense and specific reactivity for Bauhinia purpurea (BPA), peanut (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins. The present assay system of the antigen, using both monoclonal antibodies (CA19-9, Lewisa, and Lewisb) and lectins (BPA, VVA and PNA), will provide a useful approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Comparative study of CA-50 (time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay), Span-1, and CA19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

The clinical diagnostic utility of CA-50 (time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay) and Span-1 was compared with that of CA19-9 by measuring their levels in sera from patients with pancreatic cancer and other diseases. In pancreatic cancer CA-50, Span-1, and CA19-9 showed similar positive rates (84%, 82%, and 81%, respectively). With regard to the ability to distinguish pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis, however, the specificity of CA-50 and Span-1 was higher than that of CA19-9 (85%, 85%, and 79%, respectively). Despite the similar positive rates of CA-50 and Span-1 in pancreatic cancer, the correlation between these two markers was low. Thus, used in combination, they compensated for each other in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In chronic liver diseases, serum levels of both CA-50 and Span-1 were correlated with that of biliary tract enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and r-glutamyl transpeptidase. And these two markers were more affected by the biliary system than CA19-9, resulting in the significantly higher positive rates. In these diseases immunohistochemical study showed that all three markers were localized in the epithelial cells of the bile duct, with CA-50 and Span-1 showing a similar tissue distribution.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Preparation and partial characterization of a pancreatic cancer-associated glycoprotein expressing CA50.

In our previous study, two antigens associated with pancreatic cancer were prepared from ascites of the patients by using a newly developed affinity chromatography technique; one expressed CA19-9, CA50, Span-1, sialyl SSEA-1, and Dupan-2. This report describes the other part of the antigens, which was scarcely found in normal sera. This antigen was a glycoprotein with a high molecular weight of 1,000,000 in its native state, estimated by size exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S400. After sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotting analysis, the antigenic activity was observed on the 200-Kd band, and monoclonal antibody of CA50 showed intense reactivity to it. By means of an enzyme immunoassay, CA19-9 determinant was also recognized on it to a lesser extent, although sialyl SSEA-1 and Dupan-2 determinants were scarcely observed. From these observations, the present antigen was considered to be a serum glycoprotein carrying type-1 polylactosamine determinant and differs from previously reported glycoprotein carrying CA19-9 in its insolubility in perchloric acid solution because of its lesser degree of glycosilation. Serum levels of the antigen measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that highly positive rates were observed in 78% of pancreatic cancers, 82% of biliary tract cancers, and 96% of hepatocellular carcinomas.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

[A case of renovascular hypertension with nephrotic syndrome, accompanied by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-like lesion in the contralateral kidney].

A 66-year-old male patient of renovascular hypertension with nephrotic syndrome was described. Besides, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion was accompanied in the contralateral kidney. On admission, his blood-pressure amounted to 220/140 mmHg. Laboratory investigation included; urinary protein 10.5 g/day, serum creatinine 1.8 mg/dl, creatinine clearance 71.4/day, plasma renin activity 10.0 ng/ml/hr, angiotensin I 890 pg/ml and angiotensin II 40.0 pg/ml. Renogram and renal scintigram showed non-functioning pattern of left kidney. Arteriography disclosed approximately more than 95% stenosis of left main artery. Administration was discontinued because of poor control both in blood pressure and in proteinuria. After the left nephrectomy, the former normalized and the latter decreased. Microscopic examination of the right kidney revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion. So far as we know, this report is the first designed to elucidate renovascular hypertension with nephrotic syndrome accompanied by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion. The relationship between renovascular hypertension and nephrotic syndrome, and microscopic findings has been briefly discussed. It is suggested that the etiology of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion may be based on compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration caused by renovascular hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by Tamm-Horsfall protein sensitization in guinea pigs.

Experimental tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was induced in guinea pigs by immunization with homologous Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP). This disease was characterized by focal interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration around the distal nephron segments with degeneration of renal tubular cells. Although concomitant granular immunoglobulin deposition on the tubular basement membrane and a rise of serum anti-THP antibodies were recognized, they were related to the severity of the lesion. Lymphocytes from lymph nodes of animals with TIN showed blast transformation in the presence of THP in vitro. Following the transfer of lymphocytes and spleen cells from guinea pigs with THP-induced TIN to nonimmunized animals, the recipient animals developed TIN 7 days later. These observations suggest that TIN induced in guinea pigs by challenge with homologous THP may, at least in part, be related to a cell-mediated immune response.

Animals↗