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Biomedical subjects

H Ogiwara

Publications and source records attributed to H Ogiwara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Variables related to risk of recurrence in rectal cancer without lymph node metastasis.

BACKGROUND: There has been recent interest in the use of local excision for rectal cancer under consideration of patient's quality of life. However, local excision of the primary tumor does not remove the areas of lymphatic spread. Therefore, the decision to use this procedure must be considered carefully. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 142 patients who underwent radical resection of rectal cancer without lymph node metastasis in order to define the risk factors for recurrence. The macroscopic and microscopic pathological characteristics, immunohistochemical staining for p53, and DNA ploidy pattern of the primary tumor were examined as potential predictors of recurrence. RESULTS: The rates for 5-year disease-free survival, local control, freedom from distant metastasis, and overall survival in these 142 patients were 87%, 93%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. Factors related to recurrence and prognosis included the depth of tumor invasion, vascular/lymphatic involvement, tumor differentiation, and tumor size. However, p53 staining and DNA ploidy pattern were not useful indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be considered for patients who have rectal cancer without lymph node metastasis in the following situations: tumor invasion of the serosa, vascular/lymphatic involvement, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and lesions > 2 cm in diameter. Local excision should not be used in these situations, even if there are no lymph node metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Laparoscopic and minilaparotomy Billroth I gastrectomy for gastric ulcer using an abdominal wall-lifting method.

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is still technically difficult because of the lack of appropriate techniques, the expensive laparoscopic instruments, and the use of numerous disposable stapling devices. In an attempt to solve these problems, we have designed a method of laparoscopic and minilaparotomy Billroth I gastrectomy using an abdominal wall-lifting method.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Identification in the sera from patients with advanced cancer of a factor which stimulates gene expression from human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

From the sera of patients with advanced cancer, a novel factor called SDF (serum-derived factor) was partially purified. SDF was shown to stimulate transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by transient CAT assay. It did not stimulate gene expression of various control promoters including Rous sarcoma virus, human c-fos, c-myc, c-H-ras and chicken beta-actin genes. The SDF preparation did not contain any detectable TNF-alpha or TNF-beta, and differed in its physicochemical properties from TNFs. We concluded that SDF might be a novel factor associated with the clinical features of advanced cancer. It is speculated that SDF might have some role in disease progression of AIDS as well as in the development of the cachectic conditions in AIDS associated with malignancies.

Cachexia↗
PubMed1992

Human thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor activates the enhancer binding protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by thiol redox control mechanism.

Transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus is activated by a cellular factor, NF kappa B, recognizing the tandemly repeated 10-base-pair sequences, termed the kappa B sequence, present in the enhancer region within the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), which demonstrates specific DNA-protein interaction in vitro, we could demonstrate that reducto-oxidative modulation of NF kappa B dramatically changes its DNA binding activity and that a cellular physiological reducing catalyst, thioredoxin (TRX) also known as adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF), fully restored the DNA-binding activity of the oxidized NF kappa B. We also observed that purified TRX/ADF protein could augment gene expression from HIV LTR as demonstrated by transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay. These observations confirmed the previous notion that ADF might be an inducing factor of cellular interleukin-2 receptor alpha subunit (IL-2R alpha) through the kappa B sequence that is a common central cis-regulatory element in both IL-2R alpha and HIV gene expression. These observations indicate that reducto-oxidative regulation (or redox regulation) of a cysteine residue(s) on the NF kappa B molecule might play an important role in its specific DNA interaction and that it might provide a clue to the understanding of a pathway of cellular signal transduction to NF kappa B that is independent from the known pathways involving protein phosphorylation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Infarctions in fibroadenomas of the breast during pregnancy--a case report and a review of the literature].

Described is a case of infarctions in fibroadenomas of the breast that occurred during pregnancy, with a review of the pertinent literature and a brief discussion on the difficulty of achieving a cytologic diagnosis. A 24-year-old female presented tender lumps that increased in size in her breast during the 7 months of her pregnancy. A subsequent cytologic examination revealed many typical cells with clustered nude nuclei. The cytologic diagnosis indicated a Group V, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Following delivery of her infant, the lumps were excised. Microscopic examination revealed extensive infarcted fibroadenomas with lactational changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Decrease of serum buffering capacity associated with malignant neoplasms.

We have developed a new tumor marker based on the finding that cancerous sera suppress glucose utilization by cultured macrophages. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) was identified as susceptible enzyme [Naknamura et al.: JNCI 1986; 77 (in press)]. We found a high correlation between PFK inhibition and the lower buffering capacity of cancerous sera against an ATP aqueous solution and diluted acidic solutions. Sera from healthy donors changed to the PFK-suppressive type when exposed to lactate, even when followed by elimination of lactate. Lactate in cancerous sera was 1.6 times more than in normal sera. Sera from patients who tend to show acidosis, such as those with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure and pregnant women, also showed a lower buffering capacity as well as a higher inhibition of PFK. Although the pH method is simpler, we recommend the application of the PFK inhibition test, because this enzyme inhibition is not simply composed of a lower buffering capacity of cancerous sera, but partially of an inactivation of the enzyme through oxidation.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

[Recent trend of incidence of respiratory pathogenic bacteria and its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents: studies in the year 1984-1986].

Based on a quantitative analysis of sputum cultures, pathogenic bacteria in respiratory ailments isolated in our laboratory during 1984 to 1986 were classified and analyzed. During the study period, the most frequently isolated agent was Haemophilus influenzae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Branhamella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. They together consisted of 70 approximately 74% of all the respiratory pathogenic bacteria isolated in our study. Susceptibilities of above pathogens to antimicrobial agents were investigated using the agar dilution method. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Ratio of proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains among non beta-lactamase producing strains of H. influenzae markedly decreased in 1986 (6/70, 8.6%) as compared to previous years (11/73, 15.1% in 1984 and 8/49, 16.3% in 1985). In consequence, MIC90 values for penicillins reduced considerably in 1986. Among the antibiotics examined cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefotaxime (CTX) were the most active agents against H. influenzae. A development of resistance to other cephems and new quinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) was not evident during the 3-year survey. 2. Against S. pneumoniae, benzylpenicillin was still the most active agent despite gradual increase of frequency of isolation. Ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), CMX and CTX were also potent against S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae were frequently isolated from patients treated with new quinolones or minocycline (MINO). This phenomenon may be explained by higher MIC values of these agents against S. pneumoniae. 3. Of B. catarrhalis strains isolated, more than 80% were beta-lactamase positive, although MIC90 were not so high (1.56 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 0.20 micrograms/ml for PIPC). Among the antibiotics tested, latamoxef was the most active agent against B. catarrhalis and inhibited all the strains at a concentration of 0.05 micrograms/ml or less. No resistant strains were observed against cephems, new quinolones, erythromycin or MINO. 4. P. aeruginosa appeared to be rapidly developing resistance against new quinolones in patients with chronic P. aeruginosa respiratory infections who had been treated with these agents. In treating chronic respiratory infection due to P. aeruginosa, one must be watchful of rapid development of resistance by the organism or its replacement with S. pneumoniae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical study on serum 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme-V as a predictor of liver metastases in patients with gastric and colorectal cancers].

By separating 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme-V (5'-NPD-V) as a fast-moving isoenzyme by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, the determination of serum 5'-NPD-V was performed in 302 preoperative patients with gastric and colorectal cancers to assess the clinical usefulness for suspecting liver metastases. Serum levels of CEA, alpha-fetoprotein and tumor markers were simultaneously measured. Angiography, CT scan and echo were also performed preoperatively. The normal values of serum 5'-NPD-V in 67 healthy subjects except heavy smokers were less than 3.0mm. 5'NPD-V values determined in patients with and without liver metastases were as follows: In gastric cancer 1.5 +/- 2.0mm and 8.6 +/- 9.0mm, and in colorectal cancer 2.2 +/- 3.3mm and 5.8 +/- 5.3mm, respectively, indicating a significant difference (p less than 0.05). The sensitivity of 5'-NPD-V in gastric cancer was 0.682, the specificity was 0.892, the predictability was 0.518, and the accuracy was 0.862. The results in colorectal cancer were 0.600, 0.958, 0.805 and 0.800, respectively. Serum 5'-NPD-V value was elevated progressively in accordance with extent of liver involvement. When assessed by 5'-NPD-V and CEA, 80.9% of patients with liver metastases proved to be correctly diagnosed. The results suggest that 5'-NPD-V is clinically a useful marker in that the isoenzyme provides the rationale for the further detection of tumor localization in the liver.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1984

[Prognostic factors in breast cancer and recurrence: study using a quantification theory; type-II].

The relevance of age, menopausal status, histological type as classified by the Japan Mammary Cancer Society, level of invasion of the primary tumor, invasion of breast cancer cells into blood vessels, invasion of breast cancer into lymphatic vessels, histopathological TNM stage, and SHBG as a prognostic factors was studied to determine their discriminatory powers in predicting cancer recurrence by the type II quantification theory using a computer. We followed up 98 breast cancer patients with 23 recurrent cancers from 3-9 years; the followup period in cases with no recurrence was 10 years after mastectomy. Our study showed that the discriminatory power of those prognostic factors in predicting recurrence were ly (0.44108) greater than histopathological TNM stage (0.39719) greater than menopausal status (0.35701) greater than v (0.30513) greater than level of invasion of primary tumor (0.26072) greater than histological type (0.24311) greater than age (0.23369). The discriminatory rate of these 7 parameters in predicting recurrence was 82.609%. SHBG, which shows hormone dependence of breast cancer, had low discriminatory power.

Adult↗