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Biomedical subjects

H Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to H Ogata.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Functional expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 on epithelial cells in the inflamed colonic mucosa.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Costimulatory signals are essential for T-cell activation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD80 in human colonic epithelial cells and assess their functional roles in the activation of T cells in inflamed colonic mucosa. METHODS: CD86 and CD80 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry of colonic mucosa, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometric analysis of isolated colonic epithelial cells and cell lines. Costimulatory effect of CD86-expressing colonic epithelial cells on purified CD4(+) T-cell proliferation was also assessed at suboptimal phytohemagglutinin stimulation. RESULTS: CD86 and CD80 messenger RNA was detected in isolated colonic epithelial cells from normal and inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis of colonic epithelial cells confirmed cell surface expression of CD86 protein in inflamed colonic mucosa. Cell surface expression of CD86 protein was increased in the colonic epithelial cell line HT29-18-N2 after interferon gamma stimulation. Purified CD4(+) T cells proliferated in response to suboptimal phytohemagglutinin costimulated with interferon gamma-stimulated HT29-18-N2, and these proliferative responses were efficiently inhibited by the addition of anti-CD86 monoclonal antibody. Costimulatory effect of CD86-expressing colonic epithelial cells isolated from inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis was also demonstrated at suboptimal phytohemagglutinin stimulation in CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic epithelial cells may act as antigen-presenting cells, and contribute to the activation of T cells through costimulatory molecule CD86 expression in inflamed colonic mucosa.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1999

Gender-related differences in scores of the Barthel Index and Frenchay activities index in randomly sampled elderly persons living at home in Japan.

The purpose of this study was to examine for gender-related differences in activities of daily living (ADL) and lifestyle of elderly persons living at home, and to support our hypothesis that the gender-related difference in lifestyle of stroke patients derives from their lifestyle prior to the stroke. Participants were randomly sampled elderly persons living at home. Questionnaire sheets including subject profile, Self-Rating Barthel Index (disability index), and Self-Rating Frenchay Activities Index (activity index) were mailed and collected, and the data were analyzed with the t-test and General Linear Model (factorial model with interaction). A total of 752 subjects were recruited, and their average age was 67.1 years. No significant gender-related differences were evident in the disability index including self-care and mobility domains (t-test, P > 0.05). In contrast gender-related differences in the activity index were significant (t-test, P < 0.05) for three factors; gender, age group, and living conditions, and in a covariate disability index (GLM, P < 0.05). Because randomly selected elderly persons in this study exhibited a prominent gender-related difference in lifestyle, we believe the lifestyle difference in stroke patients that we have previously described derives primarily from their premorbid attitude to daily life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Active oxygen species generation and cellular damage by additives of parenteral preparations: selenium and sulfhydryl compounds.

We investigated the relationship between active oxygen species (AOS) generation and cultured vascular endothelial cellular damage caused by simultaneous exposure to selenium compounds and sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteine (Cys) or reduced glutathione (GSH). Selenium compounds, selenite, selenate or selenomethionine (SeMet), are added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and intravenously administered. We confirmed by luminol dependent chemiluminescence, an indicator of AOS generation, that selenite generates AOS in the presence of clinical concentrations of sulfhydryl compounds, 0.5 mM Cys or 0.5 mM GSH, and that the amount of AOS generated reaches the maximum when their mole ratio is 1:50. However, AOS generation was not observed after simultaneous administration of various concentrations of selenate or SeMet with sulfhydryl compounds. Moreover, simultaneous exposure to 10 microM selenite and sulfhydryl compounds was found to result in significant increases in the [3H]-adenine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rates from cells, a significant decrease in the amount of cellular protein, and enhancement of cellular damage as compared with after exposure to selenite alone. However, simultaneous exposure to 10 microM selenate or 10 microM SeMet together with sulfhydryl compounds did not induce cellular damage. These findings revealed that selenite generates AOS and causes cellular damage in the presence of sulfhydryl compounds. Accordingly, it seems better to choose selenate or SeMet instead of selenite when a selenium compound is to be added to TPN.

Adenine↗
PubMed1999

Removal of the bridging ligand atom at the Ni-Fe active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase upon reduction with H2, as revealed by X-ray structure analysis at 1.4 A resolution.

BACKGROUND: The active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase, a heterodimeric protein, is suggested to be a binuclear Ni-Fe complex having three diatomic ligands to the Fe atom and three bridging ligands between the Fe and Ni atoms in the oxidized form of the enzyme. Two of the bridging ligands are thiolate sidechains of cysteinyl residues of the large subunit, but the third bridging ligand was assigned as a non-protein monatomic sulfur species in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F hydrogenase. RESULTS: The X-ray crystal structure of the reduced form of D. vulgaris Miyazaki F [NiFe] hydrogenase has been solved at 1.4 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 21.8%. The overall structure is very similar to that of the oxidized form, with the exception that the third monatomic bridge observed at the Ni-Fe site in the oxidized enzyme is absent, leaving this site unoccupied in the reduced form. CONCLUSIONS: The unusual ligand structure found in the oxidized form of D. vulgaris Miyazaki F [NiFe] hydrogenase was confirmed in the reduced form of the enzyme, with the exception that the electron density assigned to the monatomic sulfur bridge had almost disappeared. On the basis of this finding, as well as the observation that H2S is liberated from the oxidized enzyme under an atmosphere of H2 in the presence of its electron carrier, it was postulated that the monatomic sulfur bridge must be removed for the enzyme to be activated. A possible mechanism for the catalytic action of the hydrogenase is proposed.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1999

Effects of disopyramide and verapamil on renal disposition and nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in rats.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of disopyramide and verapamil on the renal handling of cisplatin (CDDP) and nephrotoxicity in rats. The stereoselective effect of verapamil was also studied. METHODS: CDDP was administered to rats by i.v. bolus injection or by infusion at a constant rate with or without concomitant administration of racemic disopyramide, racemic verapamil, or each verapamil enantiomer. The concentrations of CDDP in plasma and in the kidney and liver were determined by HPLC. In separate experiments, CDDP was administered as described above, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was monitored for 7 days. RESULTS: The BUN level after administration of CDDP was significantly reduced by coadministration of either disopyramide or verapamil. Renal accumulation of CDDP was significantly reduced by these drugs, whereas accumulation into the liver was not significantly changed. The relationship between the BUN levels and the area under the curve of CDDP concentration in the kidney versus time (AUCk) was analyzed using a sigmoid Emax model; this showed that the reduced BUN levels were explained by the AUCk. Furthermore, verapamil showed stereoselective inhibition of the renal accumulation of CDDP. CONCLUSIONS: The renal accumulation of CDDP was inhibited by disopyramide and verapamil, and this inhibition resulted in the amelioration of nephrotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Kinetic factors determining wheelchair propulsion in marathon racers with paraplegia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the different factors that determine the propulsion of wheelchair in long distance racers with spinal cord injuries. DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine highly handicapped men who competed at the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon in 1995, participated in this study. Subjects performed steady and exhaustive wheelchair propulsion at their optimal speed on wheelchair rollers in a laboratory setting during a 5-min period. Movements of the trunk and arms were filmed by a video camera then analyzed kinetically using a two-dimensional analysis system. In order to determine the actual pushing time and angle of wheelchair, we measured the duration between hand contact and hand release from handrim. SETTING: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan. RESULTS: The push time, cycle time, total push time, and angular velocity did not relate with the race time or wheelchair velocity. However, the total push angle correlated significantly (P<0.01) with the race time and wheelchair velocity. Improvement of the pushing angular velocity and pushing duration did not contribute to the race time. CONCLUSION: The skilful wheelchair propulsion in long distance racing depends on the total push angle. Improvement of the total push angle should be achieved by both prolongation of the total push time and increased pushing angular velocity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Health status and satisfaction of asymptomatic HIV-positive haemophiliacs in Kyushu, Japan.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on haemophiliacs with physical functional disabilities induced by haemophilia in Kyushu, Japan. The subjects were 38 adult haemophiliacs who were selected from 129 patients registered with the North Kyushu Haemophilia Centre. They were divided into 21 asymptomatic HIV-positive and 17 HIV-negative adult haemophiliacs. Coagulation factor levels, modified DePalma classification, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 (AIMS 2), and a satisfaction in daily life (SDL) questionnaire were used to investigate the clinical severity of their haemophilia and arthropathy, physical functional disabilities, and satisfaction. Although there were no significant differences in the objective assessments of health status between the HIV-positive and -negative haemophiliacs, the HIV-positive haemophiliacs were significantly more dissatisfied with their social activities and mood, according to AIMS 2, and with social intercourse, job, self-development, and social security and pension according to SDL assessment. These dissatisfactions were due to the effects of HIV, in addition to the physical functional disabilities that were caused by haemophilia. Dissatisfaction with social security and pension may be a specific feature in HIV-positive haemophiliacs in Japan resulting from the origin of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Plasma exchange for acquired hemophilia: a case report.

A patient with acquired hemophilia complicated with chronic renal failure and lung tuberculosis was successfully treated by consecutive plasma exchange (PE). A 71-year-old man with serious bleeding tendency showed low coagulation factor levels and a high titer of factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor, and he was diagnosed with acquired hemophilia. Because of the complication of active lung tuberculosis, instead of immunosuppressive therapy, he undertook a series of PE with fresh frozen plasma replacement for 3 months. After the start of PE, his bleeding symptoms and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) improved gradually according to the decrease in FVIII inhibitor levels. These results suggest that PE is an effective therapeutic tool for refractory acquired hemophilia.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effect of plasma exchange on refractory hemophagocytic syndrome complicated with myelodysplastic syndrome.

A case of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) refractory to corticosteroid therapy was successfully treated by plasma exchange. The patient was a 56-year-old woman who had undergone regular hemodialysis for 10 years for complicated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and then had had lung tuberculosis. After the onset of tuberculosis, she suffered from HPS and was treated by antituberculosis agents and high dose corticosteroid administration without any effect on the HPS. After adding a series of plasma exchanges, the HPS improved gradually, and her MDS began to respond to corticosteroid therapy. Plasma hypercytokinemia due to HPS was corrected by plasma exchange, and the correction of a high level of plasma inflammatory cytokine was considered to be one of the contributing factors for the improvement of HPS. These results suggest that therapeutic plasma exchange should be considered as a therapeutic tool for HPS refractory to conventional therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Sound lateralisation in patients with left or right cerebral hemispheric lesions: relation with unilateral visuospatial neglect.

OBJECTIVES: To localise the brain lesion that causes disturbances of sound lateralisation and to examine the correlation between such deficit and unilateral visuospatial neglect. METHOD: There were 29 patients with right brain damage, 15 patients with left brain damage, and 22 healthy controls, who had normal auditory and binaural thresholds. A device was used that delivered sound to the left and right ears with an interaural time difference using headphones. The amplitude (an index of ability to detect sound image shifts from the centre) and midpoint (an index of deviation of the interaural time difference range perceived as the centre) parameters of interaural time difference were analysed in each subject using 10 consecutive stable saw toothed waves. RESULTS: The amplitude of interaural time difference was significantly higher in patients with right brain damage than in controls. The midpoint of the interaural time difference was significantly more deviated in patients with right brain damage than in those with left brain damage and controls (p<0. 05). Patients with right brain damage with lesions affecting both the parietal lobe and auditory pathway showed a significantly higher amplitude and deviated midpoint than the controls, whereas right brain damage with involvement of only the parietal lobe showed a midpoint significantly deviated from the controls (p<0.05). Abnormal sound lateralisation correlated with unilateral visuospatial neglect (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The right parietal lobe plays an important part in sound lateralisation. Sound lateralisation is also influenced by lesions of the right auditory pathway, although the effect of such lesions is less than that of the right parietal lobe. Disturbances of sound lateralisation correlate with unilateral visuospatial neglect.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Molecular cloning of the guinea pig GRO gene and its rapid expression in the tissues of lipopolysaccharide-injected guinea pigs.

BACKGROUND: CXC chemokines, IL-8 and GRO, play a role in the recruitment of neutrophils in the human. The functional orthologues in the rat and mouse are CINC/KC and MIP-2. The lack of IL-8 made these animals less useful to study the role of IL-8 and GRO. METHODS: Guinea pig (gp) cDNA libraries were screened for GRO and IL-1beta. A gp genomic library was screened with a gpGRO cDNA probe. Expression of gpIL-8, gpGRO, gpTNFalpha, and gpIL-1beta was investigated by Northern analysis and/or by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Two gpGRO cDNAs, a 3.0-kb gpGRO genomic DNA, and a gpIL-1beta cDNA were cloned. gpGRO and gpIL-8 mRNA were detected in different tissues including lungs 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into guinea pigs. gpGRO, gpIL-8, gpTNFalpha, and gpIL-1beta expression peaked at 3 h in the lungs. Both gpGRO and gpIL-8 mRNA were detected in the cells in alveolar spaces and bronchial epithelial cells. However, gpGRO mRNA, but not gpIL-8, was also expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: gpGRO and gpIL-8 mRNA rapidly accumulated in the lungs of guinea pigs after LPS injection. Expression of gpIL-8 and gpGRO mRNA appeared to be independent from TNFalpha- or IL-1beta-stimulation in this model. A high level expression of gpGRO in vascular cells suggest an important role of GRO in the sequestration of neutrophils and multi-organ injuries induced by LPS. The guinea pig will provide an excellent model to study the roles of IL-8 and GRO, important inflammatory mediators in the human.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Preparation and characteristics of antibacterial sepiolite containing povidone-iodine as a useful pharmaceutical product for patient care.

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), an antibacterial medicine, was infiltrated in sepiolite (SPL). The available iodine content in this new pharmaceutical product, a sepiolite preparation containing povidone-iodine (PVP-I-SPL), was retained at 98.9 and 98.3% during storage at 40 degrees C for 3 and 6 months, respectively. The effective removal of various gasses, including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, ethylmercaptan and acetaldehyde, was achieved by use of PVP-I-SPL. Especially, the concentration of ammonia gas was reduced more than half after 30 min of exposure, suggesting that PVP-I-SPL has excellent ability to adsorb ammonia gas. The satisfactory antibacterial effect of PVP-I-SPL was also obtained by testing its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). No irritation reactions to the rabbit auricle or ophthalmic mucosa or to human skin were observed by the skin irritation test. The PVP-I-SPL preparation has bactericidal activity and gas-adsorbing ability; therefore, this pharmaceutical product should be useful for the prevention of infections and deodorization in hospital rooms and houses, as well as in nursing homes for elderly people.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

The marked inhibition of the bitter taste of Polymyxin B sulfate and trimethoprim x sulfamethoxazole by flavored BMI-60 in pediatric patients.

Taste acceptability of ground Polymyxin B sulfate and Bactramin C tablets was examined when flavored BMI-60, a food additive, was added. Both adult and child volunteers found the bitter taste of the two drugs markedly inhibited, making it clinically useful. Noncompliance, due to this bitterness, was improved using flavored BMI-60. The most striking characteristic of flavored BMI-60 is the ease of preparation compared with the manufacture of other hospital pharmaceuticals such as jelly, gummi and candy done to mask bitterness.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Six-months chemotherapy (2HRZS or E/4HRE) of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis--six year experiences on its effectiveness, toxicity, and acceptability].

The incidence of tuberculosis in Japan, 33.7 per 100,000 in 1997, is very high compared with USA or Western European countries. The decrease in the incidence has slowed down from the early 1980s, and the average annual rate of decrease has been 3.8% in the last 5 years. About 9 percent of tuberculosis patients defaulted from the nine-month regimen (6HRS or E/3HR) in urban areas. Regimens shorter than nine-month are needed to achieve high effectiveness of tuberculous chemotherapy. Out of 1128 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients, six-hundred twenty started treatment with six-month (2HRZS or E/4HRE) in Fukujuji Hospital, JATA, in Tokyo from January 1991 to December 1996. Out of 620, four-hundred twenty eight were both smear and culture positive, 136 were smear negative and culture positive and 56 were bacilli negative. Out of 564 bacilli positive cases, 530 were susceptible to INH and RFP. Out of 530 drug susceptible cases three hundred ninety-three patients completed the regimen. Ninety-three percent of these patients had converted to negative at two months of chemotherapy and all of them at five months. Out of 450, two-hundred ninety five completed 6-month regimen, one-hundred fifty-five were changed their regimen or prolonged duration of chemotherapy. Out of 295, nine patients (3.1%) relapsed after the completion of 6-month chemotherapy. Mean follow-up period was 17.2 months and the median was 15.5 months. The relapse rate was 2.2 per 100 person-years. Six of the relapsed cases were complicated with Diabetes Mellitus. Relapse rate was higher in patients with Diabetes Mellitus than in patients without (6/54, 7.9 per 100 person-years vs 3/237, 0.8 per 100 person-years) (p < 0.001). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity was defined as elevated serum transaminase level with clinical symptoms of hepatitis or elevated serum transaminase level more than 5 times of upper limit of normal range with or without symptoms. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity developed in 43 (8.0%) of 535 with initial normal liver function test results, this rate was similar to that in patients treated with nine-month regimen (34/420, 8.1%). But the frequency of hepatotoxicity of more than 400 IU/ml of serum transaminase level was higher in patients treated with PZA-containing regimen than with nine-month regimen (16/536, 3.0% vs 4/420, 1.0%), but this deference was not statistically significant. Hepatotoxicity developed in 13/85 (15.3%) of patients treated with PZA-containing regimen with abnormal liver function tests at the beginning of chemotherapy, and this frequency was similar to 7/65 (10.8%) in patients with nine-month regimen. The relapse rate in patients with Diabetes Mellitus was statistically higher than in without Diabetes Mellitus (7.9 vs 0.8 per 100 person-years). We concluded that the six-month regimen was highly effective, but the frequency of severe hepatotoxicity was relatively higher than in nine-month regimen and the duration of chemotherapy was not enough for patients complicated with Diabetes Mellitus. Further study is needed for sufficient chemotherapy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Serum immunoglobulin concentrations and autoantibodies in patients with Yusho].

To evaluate chronic immune effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), serum immunoglobulin concentrations and autoantibodies were studied in 79 patients with Yusho in 1997. Serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were elevated in 10 cases (12.7%), 19 cases (24.1%) and 7 cases (8.9%), respectively. Autoatibodies were present in some patients of Yusho; 10 cases (12.7%) for rheumatoid factor and 36 cases (45.6%) for antinuclear antibody. LE factor was not detected. There were no significant correlations between blood PCB concentrations and serum immunoglobulin concentrations, or presence of autoantibodies. We conclude that antinuclear antibody in patients with Yusho is frequent, although it may not be associated with blood PCB concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A study on the efficacy of combination chemoendocrine therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, UFT, and tamoxifen for advanced or recurrent breast cancer].

The efficacy of the combination chemoendocrine therapy CAUT against advanced and recurrent breast cancer was examined. One course of this therapy lasted 3 weeks and consisted of adriamycin (i.v.) at 30 mg/m2 on day 1, cyclophosphamide (p.o.) at 65 mg/m2 and UFT (p.o.) at 300 mg/m2 on days 1-14, and tamoxifen (p.o.) at 20 mg/body on days 1-21. Twenty patients were enrolled, of whom 19 were eligible including seven with advanced cancer and 12 with recurrent cancer. One patient achieved CR, ten PR, three NC, and five PD, for a response rate of 58% (95% CI: 29-87%). The response rates according to type of lesion were 73% (8/11) for the soft tissue, 38% (3/8) for the bone, 20% (1/5) for the lungs and pleura, and 50% (2/4) for the liver. Adverse events with a severity of grade 3 or more included a reduction in WBC in six patients (31.6%), a reduction in RBC in one (5.3%), alopecia in four (21.1%), and severe general fatigue in one (5.3%). One patient experiencing a grade 4 reduction in WBC, and one of five patients experiencing a grade 3 reduction with a fever, recovered after treatment with G-CSF. The other four patients recovered following suspension of administration. This therapy is considered useful, exhibiting a high response rate and relatively slight adverse effects.

Adult↗