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Biomedical subjects

H Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to H Ogata.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Effects of sublethal doses of gamma rays on the accumulation of zinc in mice fed the higher concentration diets].

This paper reports preliminary studies on the mechanism of the mortality reduction effects in sublethally irradiated mice by administration of zinc at the high concentration. At first, accumulations of 65Zn in non-irradiated mice, which were orally administered with the artificial diet containing the radio-tracer and the stable metal at the high concentration (1,000 ppm), were investigated, and compared with those in mice which were administered with the artificial basal diet containing the tracer (control). Then the irradiation effects of 60Co gamma-ray at the sublethal dose on the accumulation were studied. The concentrations of zinc in whole body, tissues and organs of non-irradiated mice which were administered with the former diet were 2-fold higher than in the mice which were administered with the latter diet (control). But the accumulation of the tracer was affected by the irradiation, i.e. the concentrations in tissues and organs (except for blood and bone) of irradiated mice were lower than those in non-irradiated mice. However, the concentration in spleen of irradiated mice was remarkably higher than in the other tissues.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[M-BACOD in advanced case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

A M-BACOD regimen using an increased dose of Adriyamycin has been administered to 18 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sixty-three percent of the patients who had been previously untreated obtained a complete remission and the 2-year survival rate of those who evidenced a complete response reached 71%. The stage of the lymphoma was found to be a prognostic factor for a complete remission, while LDH and tumor response had an influence upon survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Creola bodies and the eosinophil cationic protein in sputum in acute asthmatic attacks with respect to their clinical significance].

Creola bodies (CrB) are characteristically present in sputa from patients with asthma. We studied the relationship among the numbers of CrB, the course of asthmatic attacks and the concentration of sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Twenty-two asthmatic attacks in 17 patients were studied. Sputum collections pulmonary function tests were made before or during treatment in patients who came to the outpatient clinic or emergency room. Smears of 100 microliters of sputum were made on glass slides and CrB were studied over the whole area of glass slide stained with Papanicolaou's stain. CrB scores were determined from the number and the size of CrB on each slide. In hospitalized patients the CrB scores, the concentrations of sputum ECP and the severity scores of asthmatic attacks were highest on the day of admission, decreasing in association with each other and returning to the baseline level in approximately 5 days. There were significant correlations among the CrB score, the concentration of sputum ECP and %FEV1.0 (p less than 0.001). The CrB score on the day of clinical appraisal significantly correlated with the number 6f days of treatment needed for remission. These results are in keeping with the hypothesis that eosinophils cause desquamation of respiratory epithelial cells resulting in prolongation of asthmatic attacks. Observation of CrB seemed to be useful as a marker of duration of asthmatic attacks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case of Aicardi syndrome with moderate psychomotor retardation].

A five-year-old girl of Aicardi syndrome showed moderate psychomotor retardation. She could walk and communicate. At six months of age, she developed salaam convulsion with series. Convulsions disappeared immediately after ACTH treatment. At eighteen months of age, she developed myoclonic seizures. From three years of age, head-nodding seizures with series relapsed and could not be controlled. But she could walk alone at two years old and speak a word at one and half years old. A degree of her psychomotor retardation was more slightly than others published cases of Aicardi syndrome. There were eleven reports, included our case, with mild retardation in Aicardi syndrome. The features of these are 1) late onset of seizures, 2) good response to ACTH therapy, 3) no significant abnormalities of brain except for agenesis of corpus callosum.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

[CT findings of the temporal bones in Waardenburg's syndrome].

We reported three cases of Waardenburg's syndrome and discussed CT findings of the temporal bones. Two cases of these patients were mother and daughter. Case 1, a two-year-old girl, had lateral displacement of the medial canthi, a broad nasal root, hetero-chromic iridis, left ptosis, albinotic fundus, and bilateral congenital deafness. CT findings of the temporal bones showed enlarged vestibules, short lateral semicircular canal, and absent right posterior semicircular canal. The mother had congenital deafness, heterochromia iridis, and a white forelock and showed similar abnormal CT findings of the temporal bones. Case 2, a one-year-old boy, had lateral displacement of the medial canthi, a broad nasal root, partial heterochromia iridis, albinotic fundus, and bilateral congenital deafness. CT findings of the temporal bones showed enlarged vestibules and absence of semicircular canals except the right lateral semicircular canal. These cases were diagnosed as Waardenburg's syndrome on the basis of the characteristic features.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Plasma protein binding of propranolol enantiomers as a major determinant of their stereoselective tissue distribution in rats.

We examined whether the distribution of propranolol (PL) exhibits stereoselectivity. (+)-, (-)- or (+/-)-PL was administered by i.v. bolus injection (5 or 10 mg/kg) to rats. The concentrations of PL enantiomers in plasma (Cp) and tissues (e.g., lung, heart, brain, kidney, muscle and gastrointestinal tract) were determined at 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min after administration by chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatography. Plasma protein binding of PL enantiomers was evaluated by ultrafiltration. Values of tissue-to-plasma partition coefficient and tissue-to-plasma-free fraction were obtained. Cp for (+)-PL was consistently higher than that of (-)-PL in plasma. In contrast, (-)-PL showed a significantly higher distribution than (+)-PL in all tissues observed (P less than .05) at 60 min after administration of the racemate. As a result, the tissue-to-plasma partition coefficient-Cp curve was markedly different for the two enantiomers. However, because the plasma-free fraction of (+)-PL was less than that of (-)-PL, no remarkable difference was found between the concentration-dependent tissue-to-plasma-free concentration curves for the two enantiomers. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the uptake or binding of PL enantiomers to tissues is saturable and not stereoselective. Therefore, the apparent stereoselective tissue distribution of PL seems to be caused mainly by the difference in plasma protein binding of its enantiomers.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship between presence of Creola bodies and airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma].

It has recently been suggested that epithelial damage participates in the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In this study we investigated the relationship between the presence of clusters of desquamated respiratory epithelial cells (Creola body. CrB) in sputum and airway responsiveness. Sputa were collected from asthmatic patients and acetylcholine inhalation tests were performed to assess airway responsiveness. Smears of 100 microliters of sputum were spread in pairs of two glass slides. One slide was stained with Papanicolaou's stain, the other with Giemsa stain. CrBs were detected on the whole glass slide stained with Papanicolaou's stain and the CrB score was determined by summing up the points given to each CrB on a glass slide according to the number of epithelial cells composing one CrB. The CrB score was significantly higher in patients with CrBs than in patients without CrBs. The patients with higher CrB score (CrB score greater than or equal to 6) had significantly greater number of eosinophils in sputa than the patients without CrBs. These results suggest the participation of damage to the respiratory epithelium in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in bronchial asthma. The detection of CrBs is easy and we consider it clinically useful in the estimation of airway hyperresponsiveness.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Changes in limb volume during head-out water immersion in humans.

In order to investigate the contribution of fluid shift from the legs to immersion-induced diuresis, 7 normal and 2 legless (both legs disarticulated at the hip) individuals were tested to measure changes in leg volume (normal subjects) and urinary excretion of solutes and water during a 3-h head-out water immersion (HOI) in thermoneutral water (34.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) with a 1-h control period before and after immersion. On a separate day, a 5-h time control (TC) experiment on the same subjects was carried out by having them sit in thermoneutral air (29 +/- 0.1 degrees C, relative humidity 60%). The leg volume decreased by 192 +/- 20 ml during the 3-h HOI, which accounted for 3.5% of the average leg volume of the preimmersion period. During TC, however, the leg volume increased by 110 ml in the same time course. An increase in urine volume and sodium excretion was observed during HOI in both normal (P less than 0.05) and legless subjects. Net urine volume induced by HOI (urine volume during HOI minus urine volume during corresponding TC) in normal subjects was 494 +/- 89 ml in 3 h, which was close to a calculated volume reduction of the lower extremities during HOI (508 +/- 53 ml). The average net urine volume during HOI in the legless subject was 183 +/- 48 ml/min. The above results may suggest that the increase in renal water output is largely accounted for by a fluid shift from the lower extremities during HOI, however, the fluid other than that from the extremities should be accounted for as the urine source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Study of multiregression analysis on NK activities and related clinical factors in patients with head and neck neoplasms].

NK activity in patients with head and neck neoplasms treated with radiation and chemotherapeutics was studied on the influence of 19 factors by using the method of multiregression analysis. Of these factors, BUN, WBC, the size of radiation portal, chemotherapy, radiation doses, total protein (T.P.), age and GOT were significantly influenced on the fluctuation of NK activity (p less than 0.05). In the studies of the size of radiation portal and its doses, NK activity showed a tendency to increase with radiation dose in small size of radiation portal and a tendency to reduce in large size of it.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B, and D viruses and human T-lymphocyte tropic viruses in Japanese drug abusers.

To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers and human T-cell lymphotropic virus infections among drug abusers in Japan, serum samples were collected from 91 male drug abusers at the Shinshu University Hospital and the rehabilitation facility in Matsumoto and from 519 healthy male blood donors as controls. Sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), immunoglobulin M anti-HBc (IgM anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV), antibody to HTLV type 1 (anti-HTLV 1), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). The prevalence of anti-HAV was 13.2% in drug abusers and 10.8% in controls (not significant). The prevalences of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and exposure rate to hepatitis B virus (HBV) were 4.4%, 24.2%, 31.9%, and 35.2%, respectively, in drug abusers and 0.8%, 6.7%, 9.6%, and 9.6% in controls. The exposure rate to HBV was significantly different (P less than 0.001). IgM anti-HBc and anti-HDV were not detected in any sera. Anti-HTLV I was detected in three drug abusers (3.3%) and in one (0.2%) of the controls (P less than 0.01). All sera were negative for anti-HIV in all subjects. Infection with HBV and HTLV I is more common among drug abusers than in the general population of blood donors in Japan.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Interaction between erythrocytes from various animals and emulsions stabilized with various lecithins.

The degree of hemolysis caused by the interaction between erythrocytes from various animals and emulsions stabilized with various lecithins was evaluated as a measure of the safety of emulsions for drug carriers. The stability of the emulsions was estimated using the gradient of the slope derived from the direct linear correlation between the percentage hemolysis and the phosphatidylcholine (PC) content of the erythrocyte membrane. When members of the egg lecithin (EPC) series were used as emulsifiers of emulsions, the percentage hemolysis increased as the PC content of the erythrocyte membrane increased and as the sphingomyelin (SM) content of the erythrocyte membrane decreased. Lysolecithin, a contaminant present in the emulsifying agent of emulsions, did not have any significant influence on the hemolysis of erythrocytes. These experimental findings show that the hemolysis caused by interaction between emulsions and erythrocytes was dependent on the PC content of both the emulsifying agent used and the erythrocyte membrane, and that the SM present in the erythrocyte membrane was an essential component for the stability of erythrocytes against emulsion-induced hemolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Power analyses of moment analysis parameter in bioequivalence tests.

Simulated and experimental data were used to evaluate the mean residence time (MRT) as a parameter for estimating the rate of bioavailability in bioequivalence tests and to compare MRT with tmax (the time of peak drug concentration), both pharmaceutically and statistically. Although the values of MRT were more dependent on the elimination rate constant than tmax, MRTs were sufficiently sensitive to variations in the absorption rate. The statistical power of MRT infinity obtained by an extrapolation method was lower (especially when the flip-flop phenomenon occurred) than that of MRTt (calculated using data from zero time through the last sampling time). However, the power of MRTt was shown to be comparable to or higher than that of either AUCt or Cmax (the peak drug concentration) from simulated data. These results were also confirmed experimentally using previously obtained data. The effect of variances of plasma concentrations on the power of these parameters was also studied using a simulation technique. Even large variances near the last sampling time did not substantially affect the power of MRTt. Thus MRTt can be used as a parameter for estimating the rate of bioavailability from dosage forms in place of tmax in bioequivalence tests.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1989

The renal kallikrein-kinin system in renoparenchymal hypertension.

In order to investigate the pathophysiological role of renal kallikrein (KK)-kinin system in renoparenchymal hypertension (RHT), urinary excretion of KK was measured in 15 patients with RHT and compared with that in 16 normotensive subjects (NT). The urinary kininase excretion was also determined in some subjects. KK quantity and activity was measured by direct radioimmunoassay and kininogenase assay, respectively. Kininase activity was determined as a bradykinin-degradating activity. The urinary excretion of KK quantity and activity as well as the fractional excretion of KK were significantly lower in RHT than in NT. Significantly positive correlations were observed between urinary excretion of KK quantity or KK activity and creatinine clearance. The fractional excretion of kininase was significantly higher in RHT than in NT while no significant difference was found in the urinary kininase excretion between these groups. These results suggest that renal KK-kinin system is suppressed not only in the whole kidney but in each nephrone which is still functioning, and the suppression of this system may contribute to the pathophysiology of RHT.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Renal kininases in primary aldosteronism.

In order to further clarify the role of renal kallikrein-kinin (K-K) system in primary aldosteronism (PA), daily urinary excretions of renal K-K system components including kallikrein (KAL), kinin (KIN), total kininase (K-ase), K-ase I, K-ase II and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) were measured in PA and normotensives (NT). In this study, a new method for the simultaneous determination of human urinary K-ase I, II and NEP was established and employed. The daily excretions of KAL was significantly higher in PA than that in NT, while no difference was found in KIN between PA and NT. On the other hand, total K-ase in PA (897 +/- 258 micrograms/min/day) was significantly higher than that in NT (209 +/- 6). NEP was also significantly higher in PA (262 +/- 22 micrograms/min/day) than that in NT (127 +/- 6), whereas there were no differences in K-ase I and K-ase II between PA and NT. The relative contributions of K-ase I, II and NEP to total K-ase in NT were 14, 27 and 59%, while those in PA were 12, 17 and 36%, respectively. As a result, these three K-ase contributed only 64% to the total K-ase in PA. These findings suggested that 1) NEP may play a major role in the catabolism of renal KIN in human, 2) NEP is accelerated in PA, 3) unknown K-ase, different from K-ase I, II or NEP, may exist in PA, and 4) accelerated renal K-ase activity may play some role on the disorder of renal water-sodium metabolism and high blood pressure in PA.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

A sensitive method for differential determination of kininase I, II and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in human urine.

In order to clarify the significance of NEP in human renal kallikrein-kinin system, an assay system was developed for the simultaneous determination of kininase I, II and NEP activities in human. Each kininase activity was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of bradykinin in the presence of specific inhibitors of kininase I (2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid), kininase II (captopril) and NEP (phosphoramidon) in 8 normal subjects. The effects of the different assay buffers on kininase activities were also investigated by using a phosphate buffer. Total kininase, kininase I, II and NEP activities were 499 +/- 65 ng/min/ml (mean +/- S.E.), 55 +/- 8, 141 +/- 21 and 299 +/- 42, respectively in our method using a tris buffer, while a phosphate buffer brought about activities of 358 +/- 43, 45 +/- 5, 156 +/- 21 and 135 +/- 25 ng/min/ml. The relative contributions of kininase I, II and NEP to total kininase activity were 11, 29 and 59% in our assay system, while they were 13, 44 and 35% when a phosphate buffer was used. From these results it was suggested that 1) phosphate may inhibit urinary NEP activity, so that a tris buffer should be used as the incubation buffer, 2) NEP is the major component of human urinary kininases, and 3) NEP may play an important role in the renal kallikrein-kinin system.

Buffers↗