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Biomedical subjects

H Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to H Ogata.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Test-retest and inter-method reliability of the self-rating Barthel Index.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a self-rating Barthel Index questionnaire (SB) for assessing stroke patients living at home, the test-retest reliability of SB versions 1 and 2 and the inter-method reliability of SB version 3 were examined. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Clinics of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University Hospital and two affiliated hospitals. PATIENTS: Thirty-one, 140 and 65 chronic stroke patients living at home, being seen for regular follow-up, and having no severe aphasia for SB versions 1, 2 and 3, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Kappa coefficients of items in SB versions 1 and 2 for test-retest reliability, intra-class correlation coefficients of the self-care index, mobility index and total score, kappa coefficients of items and Friedman's two-way ANOVAs of ranking in SB version 3 among the self-ratings, family ratings and occupational therapist (OT) ratings; a regression analysis of age, gender, duration, time for filling in the SB, OT ratings, Mini-Mental State score and aphasia. RESULTS: Kappa coefficients in SB version 2 were higher than those in version 1. Intra-class correlation coefficients in SB version 3 among the three ratings were good, and kappa coefficients in each item were also good or excellent. By Friedman's two-way ANOVA, all the items except walking up/down stairs had no significant difference in ranking. Regression analysis revealed that OT ratings and time for filling in the SB affected the absolute difference of scores between the self-ratings and OT ratings. CONCLUSIONS: SB version 3 is sufficiently reliable for practical use.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the effect of Q-switched ruby and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser irradiation on melanosomes in dermal melanocytosis.

Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (QSNYL) treatment of dermal melanocytosis, especially nevus of Ota, has produced favorable results that are mediated by selective photothermolysis. However, the precise effects of irradiation on melanosomes and cells containing melanosomes remain unclear, and an optimal method of irradiation has not been found. In this study synthetic melanin powder and pigmented dermal tissue obtained from five blue nevus lesions, also classified as dermal melanocytosis, were used as targets to identify the specific effects of these forms of irradiation in vitro. Morphological changes were assessed by microscopy after irradiation with QSRL and QSNYL at a fluence of 5 J/cm2, the fluence ordinarily utilized in clinical applications. Light microscopy revealed that most of the synthetic melanin powder retained in 1% agar was no longer visible after QSRL irradiation. In contrast, melanin powder particles were partly crushed by QSNYL irradiation. Electron microscopic examination of melanosomes in the blue nevus tissue after irradiation showed expansion and various other forms of disruption. Statistical analysis by 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the length of the major axis of the melanosomes indicated that QSRL irradiation caused significantly greater melanosome expansion than QSNYL irradiation. These findings indicate that QSRL irradiation had a greater photothermal effect on dermal melanosomes than QSNYL irradiation. This suggests that QSRL is more efficacious in the treatment of dermal melanocytosis than QSNYL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver--MR imaging findings.

Using retrospective studies, we have investigated the possibility of obtaining characteristic findings of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We examined 8 patients (involving 8 masses) who had been histologically diagnosed as having an inflammatory pseudotumor in the liver. The histological studies were performed on an excised specimen of 1 mass, and on aspiration needle biopsy specimens and the clinical courses of the other 7 masses. T1 weighted images (T1WI) and T2 weighted images (T2WI) were obtained on MR imaging. MR imagings were analyzed for visualized patterns, patterns of internal structure and patterns of contrast enhancement of dynamic MR imaging. The 8 masses were visualized as hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI by MR imaging. Dynamic MR imaging revealed that 1 mass was markedly enhanced peripherally while another mass was homogeneously enhanced, and that enhancement was most marked immediately after injection of contrast medium and then gradually disappeared. Vessels were observed in 4 masses (the portal vein in 2 masses, the hepatic vein in 1 mass, and portal and hepatic veins in 1 mass), and these vessels were clearly visualized on T1WI. The MR imaging findings from the early stage of an inflammatory pseudotumor showed a pattern similar to that of hepatic tumors with rich blood flow. The portal vein or hepatic vein was found in the tumor in half the patients, suggesting that this characteristic was useful for diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumor in the liver.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Fatty liver in a case with heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.

We herein present a case of fatty liver in a patient with heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. A 34-yr-old male presented with abnormally elevated levels of transaminases and a fatty liver. He was asymptomatic, and the physical examination showed nothing remarkable. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels all ranged from low normal to one-half normal. His other laboratory data were all in the normal range. The patient's body mass index measured was 25.7 kg/m2, and he did not demonstrate obesity. He had no history of alcohol consumption. It was thus thought that the fatty liver in this case might be associated with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia. Heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia with a bright liver by ultrasound was also found in several of the patient's family members. Based on these rare findings, heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia should thus be considered as a possible cause in patients presenting with an unexplained fatty liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Serodiagnosis with trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate of pulmonary tuberculosis].

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine serum antibody levels of mycobacterial antigen in 92 patients with active tuberculosis, 36 with cured tuberculosis, 45 with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, and as 31 with other diseases. Glycolipid fraction containing mainly cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-mycolate) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv were used as ELISA antigen. Overall positive rates of the ELISA tests in the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, those with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, and those with other diseases were 67.4%, 75.6%, and 6.5%, respectively. Patients with tuberculosis and those with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis differed from the control group (p < 0.0001). Higher positive rates were correlated with bacterial loads (smear-positive vs smear-negative, p < 0.01) and with chest roenrgenographic findings (far advanced or other cavitary vs noncavitary, p < 0.01). Because 18 of 36 smear-negative patients (50%) had positive results, we believe that the ELISA test with this antigen can be useful for diagnosis of M. tuberculosis, especially in patients with smear-negative.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

Instantaneous centers of rotation in dorsi/plantar flexion movements of posterior-type plastic ankle-foot orthoses.

Hingeless plastic ankle-foot orthoses (PAFOs) achieve ankle motion by flexing about the ankle joint. Instantaneous centers of rotation (ICRs) in dorsi- and plantarflexion movements, used as a measure of PAFO axes of movement, were measured to evaluate their fit to ankle motion. Thirty different PAFOs were fabricated and their stiffness modified in three stages. They were dorsi- and plantarflexed 16 degrees at 2 degrees-intervals using an original device. Displacement of two marks on the lateral calf-cuff were traced photographically, and ICRs were determined by plotting intersections of vertical bisectors for each displacement. The ICRs converged on the junction between the calf shell and the shoe insert. They deviated posteriorly from the anatomical ankle axis and caused the calf-cuff to move up-down during dorsi- and plantarflexion movements. However, this poor fit of the PAFO to ankle motion can be sufficiently compensated for by fastening straps more loosely.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of daily administration of oral etoposide for non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent radiation therapy].

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of daily administration of oral etoposide (25 mg) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent radiation therapy. Planned endpoints were response, survival and toxicity. Forty-one patients with non-small cell lung cancer were divided into 25 patients given daily oral etoposide (25 mg) with concurrent radiation therapy (ERT group) and 16 patients given radiation therapy alone (RT group). Etoposide was administrated in the morning throughout radiation therapy. The median total irradiated dose was 63.1 Gy in the ERT group and 64.0 Gy in the RT group. Twenty-four patients completed therapy in the ERT group and 16 in the RT group. Three (15%) ERT patients achieved complete response (CR) and 9 (45%) achieved partial response (PR). In the RT group, no patients achieved CR and 9 (69%) achieved PR. One-year survival was 22.6% with ERT and 23.0% with RT. The prognosis of stage III patients in the ERT group was worse than that in the RT group because radiation pneumonitis and radiation esophagitis were more severe with ERT. In conclusion, the ERT group had better local response but worse in survival than the RT group. Complications of ERT were severe enough to cause death in some patients. ERT had no clear advantage over RT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Partial splenic embolization for the treatment of liver cirrhosis with hypersplenism: assessment of clinical response and liver function].

We have evaluated the efficacy of partial splenic embolization (SE) in the treatment in 10 cirrhotic patients with marked hypersplenism. The mean infarction rate of the spleen was 84%. The change of spleen size, peripheral blood cell counts and liver function tests after SE were investigated during 3 years, and also 10 cirrhotic patients without SE were followed as control. The residual spleens after SE did not enlarged except 1 case with 65% infarction rate of the spleen. In these cases, the SE led not only to a sustained increase in both platelet and white blood cell counts but also to a significant improvement of hepatic function tests (hepaplastin test, total cholesterol and albumin) during observation period. On the other hand, these parameters tended to decrease in control patients without SE. This study suggests that SE performed with a high infarction rate of spleen is an useful therapy for hypersplenism in cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Organizing and computing metabolic pathway data in terms of binary relations.

A new database system named KEGG is being organised to computerize functional aspects of genes and genomes in terms of the binary relations of interacting molecules or genes. We are currently working on the metabolic pathway database that is composed of three interconnected sections: genes, molecules, and pathways, which are also linked to a number of existing databases through our DBGET retrieval system. Here we present the basic concept of binary relations and hierarchical classifications to represent the metabolic pathway data. The database operations are then defined as an extension of the relational operations, and the path computation problem is considered as a deduction from binary relations. An example of using KEGG for the functional prediction of genomic sequences is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The size differences among mammalian introns are due to the accumulation of small deletions.

In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that alter intron size, we conducted an extensive interspecies comparison of homologous introns among three mammalian groups: human, artiodactyls, and rodents. The size differences of introns were statistically significant among all three groups (longest intron was for human and shortest for rodents), and appear to be due to the accumulation of small deletions, according to the separate count of insertion and deletion frequencies. The distribution of intron size differences also has a shape similar to that for the distribution of insertion/deletion sizes found in pseudogenes. It is suggested that introns are selectively neutral to small-scale changes of the genome size, which inherently contain the bias of favoring short deletions against short insertions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Differential regulation of vitamin D receptors in clonal populations of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line.

RWLeu4 is a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line that is sensitive to the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing actions of 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (VD3). The JMRD3 cell line is a VD3-resistant variant of RWLeu4 that was selected by continuous passage of RWLeu4 in the presence of VD3. The isolation of a spontaneous VD3-resistant variant suggests that phenotypically different cells exist within the RWLeu4 cell population. Therefore, single-cell clones of RWLeu4 cells were isolated and characterized. Four clonal cell populations that fall into three groups differing in response to the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing actions of VD3 were examined. Surprisingly, the extent of response of the clones to VD3 does not show a correlation with the basal level of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). RWLeu4-3 and RWLeu4-4 are the clones most sensitive to the antiproliferative actions of VD3 (ED50 approximately equal to 1 nM); however, RWLeu4-3 expresses basal levels of VDRs similar to those found in the parental cells and the RWLeu4-2 clone, while in RWLeu4-4, VD3 binding and VDR protein are below the limits of detection. Furthermore, RWLeu4-10 expresses the highest basal level of VDR protein but is relatively resistant to the antiproliferative actions of VD3 (ED50 > or = 30 nM). Like JMRD3, RWLeu4-10 is still capable of differentiating in response to VD3, as judged by the induction of biochemical processes and cell-surface antigen expression. Although VD3 treatment increases VDR protein levels and DNA-binding activity in all clones, altered DNA-protein complexes are detected in RWLeu4-4. Our results suggest that sensitivity to the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing actions of VD3 is not dependent solely upon the level of VDR expressed, but may also require posttranslational modification of the VDR or complex interactions with other nuclear transcription factors.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacokinetics and polymorphic oxidation of dextromethorphan in a Japanese population.

The plasma concentration and cumulative urinary excretion over 34 h of dextromethorphan, free and conjugated dextrorphan, and 3-hydroxymorphinan were determined in seven healthy Japanese subjects after oral administration of 30 mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Conjugated metabolites were extensively present, whereas no detectable dextromethorphan or free metabolites were observed in the plasma of any subject. On average, 72% of the dose was excreted in urine within 34 h. This was detected mainly as conjugated metabolites with only slight traces of dextromethorphan and free metabolites. From the time-courses of the metabolic ratio (the ratio of urinary output of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan), the metabolic ratios seemed to become constant 7.5 h after oral administration. Phenotyping was performed using metabolic ratios in 75 unrelated healthy Japanese subjects (43 males and 32 females). The logarithmic metabolic ratio was bimodally distributed and one subject (1.3%) was identified as a poor metabolizer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Changes in markers, receptors and adhesion molecules expressed on murine hemopoietic stem cells after a single injection of 5-fluorouracil.

Cytokines play a crucial role in the differentiation and proliferation of hemopoietic cells, and it has recently been found that adhesion molecules play crucial roles not only in differentiation and proliferation, but also in the homing and other functions of hemopoietic cells. We have very recently established a new method for purifying pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (P-HSC) in mice by injecting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The P-HSC were found to be low-density, lineage marker-negative (Lin-), CD71- and major histocompatibility complex class I(high). In the present study, we analyze changes in the expression of various HSC markers (Sca-1 and CD34), receptors (c-kit and interleukin-6 receptor [IL-6R]) and adhesion molecules (very late activation antigen-4 [VLA-4], lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 [LFA-1], and CD44) after 5-FU injection. The percentage of Sca-1+ cells increases after 5-FU treatment, reaching a maximum on day 3, whereas the percentage of IL-6R+ cells decreases, reaching a minimum on day 3. The percentage of CD34+ cells does not change after 5-FU treatment. The percentages of both c-kit(low) and c-kit(high) cells decrease, reaching a minimum on day 3 after 5-FU treatment, whereas the percentage of c-kit- cells reciprocally increases, reaching a maximum on day 3. However, there is no change in the expression of adhesion molecules (VLA-4, LFA-1 and CD44) on the P-HSC.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between pharmacokinetics of unchanged cisplatin and nephrotoxicity after intravenous infusions of cisplatin to cancer patients.

PURPOSE: The relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters of unchanged cisplatin (CDDP) and several markers for nephrotoxicity after CDDP infusion (80 mg/m2) over 2 and 4 h were quantitated in patients with various cancers (lung, stomach and colon cancers and mediastinal tumor). METHODS: Plasma and urinary levels of unchanged CDDP were measured using a specific high-performance liquid chromatography method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to the model-independent method. The nephrotoxicity markers, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), plasma and urinary beta2-microglobulin (BMGp and BMGu), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and creatinine clearance (CCR) were monitored for 30 days following CDDP administration. RESULTS: The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), maximum urinary excretion rate (dAe/dt(max)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC), cumulative amount excreted in urine from time zero to infinity (Ae), total clearance (Clt), renal clearance (Clr) and plasma half-life (t1/2) of unchanged CDDP were not significantly different between the 2-h and 4-h infusion schedules. The values of the nephrotoxicity markers changed significantly following CDDP administration, suggesting that CDDP chemotherapy (80 mg/m2) caused nephrotoxicity. The Cmax of unchanged CDDP was the most informative pharmacokinetic parameter for nephrotoxicity. Cmax was related to maximum BUN, maximum SCr and minimum CCR levels in 27 CDDP treatments according to an exponential model. CONCLUSION: In order to attain more effective CDDP chemotherapy with minimum nephrotoxicity, the present pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies suggest that the Cmax or steady-state plasma level of unchanged CDDP should be maintained between 1.5 and 2 microg/ml in a standard continuous infusion schedule over 2 h and 4 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Significance of elevated cytochrome aa3 in a state of endotoxemia in dogs.

It is now possible to detect quantitative changes in cytochrome aa3 by means of near-infrared spectrophotometry. This technique is also suitable for determining oxidised hemoglobin (HbO2), reduced hemoglobin (Hb), cerebral blood volume, and the redox state of cytochrome aa3 (cyt aa3) in the tissues. The significance of elevated cyt aa3, measured by near-infrared spectrophotometry, is still unclear, so we investigated this question using both near-infrared spectrophotometry and oxygen saturation meters in endotoxemic dogs. Ten anaesthetised mongrel dogs were injected with endotoxin (E. coli 0111: B4 Difco 2 mg/kg i.v.) and the redox state of Hb and cyt aa3 was determined in real time by near-infrared spectrophotometry. The levels of arterial and cisternal venous oxygen saturation were recorded simultaneously by two Oximetrix 3 saturation meters to calculate the cerebral arterial and venous oxygen saturation difference (Sata-vO2D) in real time. HbO2 decreased along with the fall in mean arterial pressure and remained at a low level, while Hb increased and remained at a high level. The cerebral blood volume decreased in the endotoxic early stage and then returned gradually towards baseline. Cyt aa3 showed an increase following endotoxin injection and maintained an oxidised form. The cerebral Sata-vO2D rose to about three times the control level. From these observations, an increase of oxidised cytochrome aa3 after endotoxin administration seems to be a compensatory protective effect in response to the cerebral oxygen demand rather than over-oxygenation or hyperoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The renal clearance of unchanged cisplatin during furosemide and mannitol diuresis is dependent on glomerular filtration rate in rats.

The disposition of unchanged cisplatin (CDDP) in plasma and urine after bolus injection of CDDP (5 mg/kg) was compared in rats treated with furosemide (25 mg/kg as a 40-min iv infusion) and mannitol (2 g/kg as a 40-min iv infusion). Forced diuresis significantly increased renal clearance (Clr) of unchanged CDDP in the first 10-min period after CDDP administration, compared to that in the rats given CDDP alone. Compared with furosemide, mannitol showed greater modification in Clr of unchanged CDDP in the early phase and more accelerated urinary excretion of unchanged CDDP during the study. Furosemide increased plasma concentration and reduced urinary excretion of unchanged CDDP in the terminal phase. Clr of unchanged CDDP was found to be dependent of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during diuretic coadministration. Linear relationships among urine flow rate, GFR, and Clr of unchanged CDDP were observed only in diuretic-treated rats. Although the relationships between GFR and Clr were almost identical, there was a difference in the GFR-urine flow rate relationship between furosemide- and mannitol-treated rats. GFR was gradually reduced during diuretic treatment, and furosemide induced greater GFR reduction than mannitol. This resulted in a modification of unchanged CDDP disposition by furosemide in the terminal phase. The present study suggests that careful monitoring and maintaining of GFR during coadministration of diuretic may be useful for predicting the urinary excretion behavior of unchanged CDDP in CDDP chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of neuromuscular block at the thumb and great toe using accelography in infants.

We assessed neuromuscular block at the thumb and great toe using accelography after the administration of vecuronium in infants. Train-of-four stimuli were simultaneously applied to the ulnar and tibial nerves using cutaneous electrodes. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide (66%) in oxygen and sevoflurane (1%). Vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1 was used for paralysis and reversed with intravenous neostigmine 0.04 mg.kg-1 with atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1 when the train-of-four ratio on the right great toe returned to 25%. The mean (SD) times from initial administration of vecuronium to completion of maximal block on the thumb and great toe were 78 (21.1) s and 75 (14.3) s, respectively (p > 0.05). The times from maximal block to 25% recovery of twitch height at the thumb and great toe were 46 (9.1) min and 45 (9.0) min, respectively. The reversal time from 25% to 75% of the train-of-four ratio after the administration of neostigmine was 136 (49.1) s. We conclude that neuromuscular monitoring of the great toe in infants may be a suitable alternative when the thumb is inaccessible.

Anesthesia, General↗