Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Odeberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Odeberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Incidental screening--a rational basis for integrated prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

This study at the Lyckeby Primary Health Center, Sweden, demonstrates the feasibility of extended incidental cardiovascular risk-factor screening and intervention. The results indicate that a substantial proportion of the population at risk is detected. After one year 1,008 patients, of a total population of about 7,000 aged between 25 and 59 years, have been screened. Individual advice on non-drug therapies and regular follow-up by a nurse was offered to 41 per cent of these individuals, due to findings of raised blood pressure and/or serum cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Increased whole blood and plasma viscosity in patients with angina pectoris and "normal" coronary arteries.

Blood and plasma viscosity was measured in eight patients with typical effort-induced angina pectoris who did not have coronary artery stenosis at angiography. The same variables were studied in 14 patients with angina pectoris and verified coronary artery disease that in most cases was extensive. Both groups of patients had significantly higher viscosity values in whole blood, at natural hematocrit as well as standardized hematocrit (45%), than 25 healthy subjects serving as a reference group. Plasma viscosity was also significantly elevated in both patient groups. The patients without coronary artery stenosis had as high blood and plasma viscosity values as had the stenosis group. It is concluded that increased blood and plasma viscosity should be added to the list of pathological findings in patients with angina pectoris in the absence of organic coronary artery stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Reversal of increased whole blood and plasma viscosity after treatment of hypothyroidism in man.

Blood and plasma viscosity was measured in 13 patients with hypothyroidism before and during replacement therapy with l-thyroxine. Blood viscosity was measured at natural hematocrit and after adjustment to 40%. The values were compared to those of 12 healthy subjects. Both blood viscosity at hematocrit 40% and plasma viscosity were increased in the hypothyroid state and decreased to the levels of the reference group after treatment. The therapy-induced changes in blood and plasma viscosity were intercorrelated at low but not at high shear rates. The changes in viscosity were not correlated to the reductions in lipoprotein concentrations resulting from therapy. The institution of l-thyroxine replacement therapy was also followed by reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and diastolic blood pressure, both with significant correlations to the decrease in blood viscosity. It is concluded that in hypothyroidism there are changes in both plasma and erythrocytes that increase blood viscosity, with normalization upon treatment with l-thyroxine to euthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reduced opsonisation of protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus in sera with cryoglobulins from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus.

Among a total of 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 11 of 14 patients with active disease had reduced capacity (p less than 0.05) to opsonify Staphylococcus aureus in undiluted sera, as compared with nine of 27 patients with inactive disease (p less than 0.02). The opsonic reduction in the active patients increased with the number of active organ systems (p less than 0.002). No correlation was found between reduced opsonisation and corticosteroid treatment, or serum concentrations of complement components (C) of the classical pathway, or bacteria-associated activated C3. When the cryoglobulin fraction of immune complexes (IC) was removed, normal opsonic capacity was restored, and the opsonic reduction could be transferred with the cryoglobulins to pooled serum. Increased IC values, as measured by C1q binding assay, were found in conjunction with reduced opsonic capacity (p less than 0.04). Since opsonisation in SLE sera of a protein A deficient strain of S. aureus was normal, reduced S. aureus phagocytosis in SLE sera may be explained by IC binding to staphylococcal protein A.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Opsonic and antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide types 6A, 19F and 23F after vaccination of immunocompromised patients.

Opsonic and antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide types 6A, 19F and 23F were evaluated before and after vaccination with a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine in 25 patients splenectomized due to trauma, non-malignant or malignant disease and in 8 non-splenectomized patients with malignant disease. In approximately 50% of the tests, a 2-fold or greater increase in antibody concentrations and a significantly enhanced opsonization of pneumococci was found. A close correlation between antibody increase an enhancement of opsonization was demonstrated. 93% of paired samples with postimmunization antibody increase above 150 ELISA units showed significantly enhanced opsonization. Increased postvaccination opsonic activity and antibody levels were infrequently accompanied by increased granulocyte chemotactic activity of the serum. No significant difference in antibody and opsonic response to vaccination was found between the groups of patients, except for patients with Hodgkin's disease receiving chemotherapy, who had a reduced immunization response. Prevaccination antibody concentration, type of antigen or age of the patients did not influence the outcome of vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cross-reacting opsonic antibodies to clinically important pneumococcal serotypes after pneumococcal vaccination.

Opsonic activity of serum to pneumococcal serotypes 6 B, 9 V and 19 A was measured in 16 patients before and after immunization with a pneumococcal vaccine. The capsular polysaccharides of these serotypes are not included among, but are antigenically related to the vaccine polysaccharides. Patients responding to immunization with a twofold increase in serum antibodies to vaccine polysaccharides 6 A, 19 F and 23 F were studied. Increased opsonic activity towards serotypes 6 B, 9 V and 19 A was found in 12, four and ten patients respectively. In ten of the patients antibodies to serotypes 6 B, 9 V and 19 A were measured by a staphylococcal protein-A binding assay. A twofold increase in antibodies was found in postvaccination samples from ten, three and seven patients respectively. These results indicate that humans responding to pneumococcal vaccination, may also develop opsonic antibodies to other clinically important pneumococcal serotypes. The degree of cross-immunization appears to vary between individuals and between different pneumococcal serotypes.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Granulocyte phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in properdin-deficient serum.

Properdin (P)-deficient human serum containing type-specific anticapsular antibodies and having an intact classical pathway of complement did not support efficient granulocyte phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6A, 14, 19F, 23F, or 35 in an opsonophagocytic assay. Compared with pooled control serum, the difference was most pronounced for serotypes 14 and 23F and at a final serum concentration of 16%. The reduced phagocytic killing of S. pneumoniae serotype 23F in P-deficient serum was due rather to defective opsonization than to impaired intracellular killing. The uptake of C3 by the serotype 23F strain was found to be low in P-deficient serum. The addition of native P promoted C3 fixation as well as opsonization. The activity of P was abolished by heat treatment (56 degrees C, 30 min). Experiments with Mg EGTA to block C1 activation suggested that serotype 23F pneumococci were more dependent on the classical pathway for opsonization than were serotype 35 pneumococci, which appear to be partly opsonized through the alternative pathway alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Studies of blood viscosity with a newly constructed rotational viscometer which operates via a desk top computer.

Increasing interest is being shown in blood viscosity and the whole field of haemorheology. This study presents a newly constructed rotational Couette type viscometer which operates via a commercially available desk top computer and a digital plotter. The influence of haematocrit on blood viscosity is shown and the study also presents blood viscosity values of six to eight healthy men at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C. At 37 degrees C values are shown both at natural haematocrit and at haematocrit 45%.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1982

Granulocyte phagocytosis and killing virulent and avirulent serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Five commonly isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes (3, 6, 14, 19, and 23) and five rarely found serotypes (31, 35, 36, 42, and 43) were compared to elucidate whether increased resistance against granulocyte phagocytosis and killing could explain the restricted number of pneumococcal serotypes found in infections. There was a great variation in sensitivity among the serotypes to granulocyte killing. No consistent pattern was found when pathogenicity and resistance to granulocytes were compared. The results do not indicate that the increased tendency of pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes to cause infections is due to increased resistance to granulocytes. Monocyte killing of some pneumococal serotypes (6, 19, 23, 35, and 43) was also studied and found very similar to granulocyte killing. Defective granulocyte kiling of encapsulated pneumococci was due to impaired phagocytosis. Moreover, no correlation was found between the sensitivity of the serotypes to isolated intragranulocytic microbial systems (i.e., MPO, hydrogen peroxide, or CCP) and the sensitivity to killing by intact granulocytes or pathogenicity. The significance of both the classical and alternative complement pathways for pneumococcal opsonization was indicated by reduced, the residual phagocytosis in C2-deficient and MgEGTA-chelated serum.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1980

Monocyte in vitro function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). III. Bactericidal activity in presence of SLE-sera.

The bactericidal activity of normal monocytes in the presence of serum from 14 patients with SLE was studied with a modification of the Maaloe technique. The bactericidal activity was impaired in the presence of sera from 8/14 patients. The group with abnormal bacterial killing showed higher clinical activity than did the group with normal killing capacity. Corticosteroid therapy was also more common among patients with reduced killing. A further difference between patients with abnormal and normal killing was that the former had more episodes of infection during a 2-year follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes. Determination of viable extracellular bacteria by their incorporation of 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine.

A method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte function based on the combined determination of total and extracellular bacteria is described. The total number of surviving bacteria is assessed by the determination of colony forming units (CFU) after hypotonic lysis of granulocytes. Extracellular viable bacteria can be determined by the incorporation of 14C-leucine or 3H-thymidine into bacterial macromolecules since there is a linear relationship between macromolecular synthesis and bacterial number and insignificant amounts of both 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine is taken up by intracellular viable organisms. This method might be suitable for the differentiation of defects in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of various bacteria.

Cell Extracts↗
PubMed1976

Mechanisms for the microbicidal activity of cationic proteins of human granulocytes.

One oxygen-independent antimicrobial system of human granulocytes consists of granular chymotropsin-like cationic proteins possessing heat-stable microbicidal activity. For elucidation of the mode of action of the cationic protein, effects on bacterial synthesis of macromolecules, ion transport, and oxygen consumption have been studied. Inhibition of incorporation of radioactive precursors into protein, ribonulceic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was found concomitantly with inhibition of colony formation. Cationic protein inhibited 86Rb+ influx but did not increase the leakage of intracellular 86Rb+, indicating inhibition of energy-dependent membrane transport without a breakdown of the semipermeable character of the membrane. Oxygen consumption was inhibited. Mg2+ and Ca2+ displayed a protective effect against the microbicidal activity, indicating the operation of charge interactions between cationic protein and bacterial surface. The various effects of cationic protein were more pronounced with S. aureus than with E. coli, parallelling the microbicidal activity.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1976

Microbicidal mechanisms of human granulocytes: synergistic effects of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase or chymotrypsin-like cationic protein.

The antibacterial activity of a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-glucose oxidase system was found to be greatly increased by granulocyte elastase, present in azurophil granules of human neutrophils. The MPO-H2O3-mediated killing of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was potentiated by granuocyte elastase at an acid pH, whereas at pH 7.4 only killing of E. coli was potentiated. The potentiating effect of elastase was not dependent on the enzymatic properties of the protein since it was not abolished by heating, which destroys the enzymatic activity. A peptide chloromethyl ketone elastase inhibitor abolished both elastolytic activity and the pctentiating effects on MPO-H2-O2-mediated bacterial killing. The antibacterial activity of chymotrypsin-like cationic protein of human neutrophils was also potentiated by elastase. Other degradative enzymes isolated from human granulocytes, e.g., collagenase and lysozyme, did not potentiate MPO-H2O2-mediated or cationic protein-dependent bacterial killing. The present study indicates that a neutrophil constitutent, elastase, which is not microbicidal by itself, can initiate sublethal changes that render some microorganisms more susceptible to the action of microbicidal agents like MPO and chymotrypsin-like cationic protein.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1976

Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukemia. II. Bactericidal capacity, phagocytic rate, oxygen consumption, and granule protein composition in isolated granulocytes.

The initial rate of phagocytosis, oxygen consumption rate during phagocytosis, bactericidal capacity against Escherichia coli, and the granule protein composition of isolated mature-appearing granulocytes were studied in 23 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. The initial rate of phagocytosis was decreased (p less than 0.05) in the CGL patient group, as were oxygen consumption rate (p less than 0.001) and bactericidal capacity (p less than 0.001). Kinetic analysis of the ingestion rate showed CGL granulocytes to have the same capacity to bind the particles as normal granulocytes. Both specific and primary granule protein deficiencies were shown for CGL granulocytes, and these deficiencies were more pronounced at or near blast cell transformation. Analysis of all different granulocyte function parameters showed an inverse correlation to white blood cell counts (p less than 0.01) and to the percentage of immature granulocytes in peripheral blood (p less than 0.001). The leukocytosis doubling time was progressively shortened during the chronic course of the disease. A correlation was found between granulocyte function parameters and leukocytosis doubling time (p less than 0.001), indicating that granulocyte function was progressively deteriorating during chronic phase CGL, and may be an expression of increasing disturbance of the differentiation process.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1975

Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. I. Bactericidal and metabolic capabilities during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes.

The ingestion, bactericidal activity and metabolism of isolated mature neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis was studied in 17 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. Seven patients had received no treatment and the others had been treated previously with Busulphan. The phagocytic indices for killed yeast cells did not differ from those of the controls. A diminished bactericidal activity against E. coli was found in nine CGL cases. The bactericidal capacity closely correlated with the degree of leucocytosis since patients with a WBC count of 90 000/mul or higher with one exception showed decreased bactericidal activities while patients with WBC counts below 90 000/mul with two exceptions showed normal bactericidal activities. The [I-14C]-glucose oxidation during phagocytosis was increased in four patients and decreased in three patients. Some correlation was found between abnormally high or low [I-14C]glucose oxidation and diminished bactericidal activity. The intracellular iodination reaction during phagocytosis was decreased in 10 cases while the extracellular iodination was increased in six cases and decreased in one case. The data for granulocyte iodination did not correlate with WBC count, bactericidal capacity or [I-14C]glucose oxidation. The time course for the bactericidal activity and granulocyte iodination seemed to deviate from the controls indicating a slow initial ingestion and/or degranulation phase. The CGL granulocyte content of myeloperoxidase was normal or increased, the lysozyme content was decreased in half of the cases while the amount of antibacterial cationic proteins was increased, normal or low. The present findings indicate a variety of abnormalities in the mature CGL granulocyte, which are not closely interrelated.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗