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Biomedical subjects

H Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to H Ochiai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Differentiation of Dunn osteosarcoma cells in response to dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

We investigated the effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Bt2cAMP) on the differentiation of Dunn osteosarcoma cells. Flow-cytometric analysis and DNA synthesis assay showed that Bt2cAMP decreased the cell population in the S phase in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Also, the cells showed distinct morphological and functional alterations; the cell morphology changed to a fibroblast-like appearance with long and thin protoplasmic processes, the knobs or blebs on both the cell membrane and nuclear membrane disappeared and the intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity increased. Moreover, Bt2cAMP-treated cells secreted a large quantity of fibronectin, which was deposited on the extended cell surface in the culture medium. Thus, Dunn osteosarcoma cells are differentiated morphologically and functionally by Bt2cAMP, and might be transformed to benign precursor cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

The effects of lobenzarit disodium, a novel immunomodulator, upon murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis.

The aim of this study is to test the therapeutic efficacy of immunomodulation with lobenzarit disodium (CCA) upon coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis. Two-week-old C3H/He mice were inoculated with 10(3) plaque-forming units of CB3. CCA, 2.5 mg/kg per day, was administered subcutaneously daily on days 0-14 (Experiment I; group 2) and days 14-28 (Experiment II; group 4). Both treated groups were compared to infected controls (groups 1 and 3). For the analysis of splenic lymphocyte subsets, additional mice in untreated and treated groups were killed on day 7, and the percentages of Thy 1.2 (CD3), L3T4 (CD4) and, Ly 2 (CD8) subsets were analyzed by laser flow cytometry (Experiment III). In Experiment I, the survival rate did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2. Cellular infiltration in the CCA group was less severe. Myocardial virus titers and serum neutralizing antibody titers did not differ significantly between the two groups. In Experiment II, the survival rates between the two groups did not differ significantly. Myocardial necrosis in the CCA group was less severe compared to the control. In Experiment III, the percentages of Thy 1.2 (CD3) and L3T4 subsets (CD4) of the treated group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Thus, CCA increased splenic T cells and improved cardiac pathology in acute murine CB3 myocarditis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

Antiviral traditional medicines against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), poliovirus, and measles virus in vitro and their therapeutic efficacies for HSV-1 infection in mice.

One hundred forty-two kinds of traditional medicines, which have been historically used in China, Indonesia, and Japan, were examined for the antiviral activity of their hot water (HW) extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), poliovirus type 1, and measles virus by plaque reduction assay. Thirty-two, 55, and 30 HW-extracts of them showed anti-HSV-1, antipoliovirus, and anti-measles virus activities, respectively. Among the 32 HW-extracts with anti-HSV-1 activity, 3 HW-extracts had anti-HSV-1 activity alone and the others showed anti-HSV-1 activity with anti-poliovirus and/or anti-measles virus activities. The 32 HW-extracts were further examined for their therapeutic efficacies of HSV-1 infection in mice. The mice were infected cutaneously with HSV-1 and HW-extracts were orally administered three times daily. Twelve HW-extracts, currently used for the treatment of various diseases other than viral infection, were found to be significantly effective in limiting the development of skin lesions and/or in prolonging the mean survival times of HSV-1-infected mice. These results suggested that 12 of 142 HW-extracts that exhibited therapeutic efficacy in an animal infection model were possible candidates for anti-HSV-1 traditional medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Enhancement of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice by lobenzarit disodium through inhibition of splenic pan T cells.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test the efficacy of the immune system modulator lobenzarit disodium in the treatment of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis. METHODS: Two week old C3H/He mice were inoculated with 10(3) plaque forming units of coxsackievirus B3. Lobenzarit disodium, 25 mg.kg-1.d-1, was given subcutaneously daily on days 0-14 (experiment I; group 2) and days 14-28 (experiment II; group 4). Both treated groups were compared to infected controls for each experiment (groups 1 and 3). For the analysis of splenic lymphocyte subsets, additional mice in untreated and treated groups were killed on d 7, and the percentages of Thy 1.2 (CD3), L3T4 (CD4), Ly 2 (CD8) subsets were analysed by laser flow cytometry (experiment III). RESULTS: In experiment I, the survival rate in the lobenzarit treated group was significantly lower than in the controls (2/11 v 8/11). Cellular infiltration and myocardial necrosis in the lobenzarit group were more severe. Myocardial virus titres and serum neutralising antibody titres did not differ significantly between the two groups. In experiment II, the survival rate (7/9 v 13/13) and cardiac pathology between the two groups did not differ significantly. In experiment III, the percentage of the Thy 1.2 subset (CD3) in the treated group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the control group, at 36.0(SD 2.9)% v 42.8(5.8)%. CONCLUSIONS: Lobenzarit disodium decreased splenic pan T cells and aggravated both clinical course and cardiac pathology in acute murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Role of oxygen derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test the role of oxygen derived free radicals in the development of myocarditis. This involved investigating the effects of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD, an enzyme catalysing the conversion of O2.- to H2O2) and polyethylene glycol conjugated catalase (PEG-catalase, accelerating the reaction of H2O2 to H2O and O2) upon coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis. METHODS: Two week old male C3H/He mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(3) plaque forming units of CB3. PEG-SOD, 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1 x d-1, and PEG-SOD, 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1 x d-1, plus PEG-catalase, 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1 x d-1, were injected subcutaneously daily on days 0 to 14. Treated groups were compared to the infected control. RESULTS: On day 7, there were no significant differences in pathological scores among the three groups. On day 14, the cellular infiltration, myocardial necrosis, and calcification scores were significantly lower in the PEG-SOD group and the PEG-SOD plus PEG-catalase group than in the control. There were no significant differences in pathological scores between the PEG-SOD group and the PEG-SOD plus PEG-catalase group. There were no differences in the myocardial virus titres on day 7 among the three groups. On day 14, virus was not detected from the myocardium in any of the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that superoxide anion is mostly responsible for myocyte injury in CB3 myocarditis in mice, and that hydrogen peroxide formed as a result of dismutation of superoxide anion may not play a significant role in the development of myocarditis. Superoxide anion is one of the most important factors in free radical mediated injury in CB3 myocarditis in mice and the administration of PEG-SOD alone has therapeutic potential in clinical CB3 myocarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Erythropoietin 5'-flanking sequence-binding protein induced during hypoxia and cobalt exposure.

The 5'-flanking region of the human erythropoietin (Epo) gene contains a 0.14-kb sequence that is conserved in the Epo gene from mouse and located within a promoter that is activated under hypoxic conditions such as anemia. Using a fragment containing this sequence in DNA mobility shift assays, we found that specific DNA-binding proteins were induced in mouse kidney nuclei under anemic hypoxia. Using synthetic double-stranded oligonucleotides that contain this sequence, the essential binding site was defined to be the -40 to -20 region upstream of the transcription initiation site in the human Epo gene. By DNA affinity chromatography using a column with the immobilized 5'-flanking sequence, two inducible binding proteins with apparent molecular masses of 55 and 45 kDa were identified in the nuclei of mouse kidney and liver under anemic hypoxia. These binding proteins were also induced during cobalt exposure.

Anemia↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced production of rat interleukin-8 by in vitro and in vivo infections with influenza A NWS virus.

We investigated the interleukin-8 (IL-8)-producing activity of influenza A NWS virus in cultured rat kidney NRK-52E cells and a rat influenza model. The production of rat IL-8 increased significantly in the virus-infected cells but not in UV-inactivated virus- or split-product-treated cells. The increase in IL-8 production could be detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage of infected rats. These data suggest that infectious virus has the potential to accelerate the production of IL-8 in cultured cells and in vivo in airway-lining cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Structural organization of a cryptic plasmid, pMA1, from Microcystis aeruginosa f. aeruginosa Kützing.

The 2287-bp cryptic plasmid, pMA1, from Microcystis aeruginosa f. aeruginosa Kützing, a unicellular cyanobacterium originally derived from Kasumigaura lake, was completely sequenced and analyzed. The predicted amino acid sequence (253 residues) of an open reading frame had identities of 47%, 48%, and 53% with replication-associated proteins of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens's plasmid, pFTB14, B. subtilis BAA1's pBAA1, and B. coagulans's pBC1, respectively, when conservative amino acid substitutions were included. Such high-level identities were also shown with rep proteins and ori regions in a group of Gram-positive bacterial plasmids such as Lactococci and Staphylococci that are known to replicate via single-stranded intermediates. The pMA1 does hybridize with a plasmid, pUS1-3, derived from another unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Novel features of pMA1 are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis--case report.

A rare case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis occurred in a 74-year-old diabetic male with gradually progressive right visual loss and total ophthalmoplegia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an invasive right orbital apex mass, destroying the medial wall of the orbit and extending into the right cavernous sinus and right middle fossa. Laboratory data demonstrated no signs of inflammation. A carcinomatous lesion originating in the paranasal sinuses and extending into the intracranial space was diagnosed. The mass was totally removed through a subfrontal approach to confirm the histological diagnosis and decompress the optic nerve. The histological diagnosis was mucormycosis. Despite aggressive medical therapy, dissemination resulted in mucor pleuritis and mucor encephalitis or meningitis. He died of septic shock and acute renal failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Immunopharmacological evaluation of bucillamine in rheumatoid arthritis.

Seventy six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with bucillamine, a novel immunomodulating drug with no antiinflammatory effects, were evaluated in terms of the immunomodulating effects. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data, including lymphocyte subset changes, were followed for 12 or more months. Long-term administration of bucillamine markedly improved arthritis and suppressed the titre of rheumatoid arthritis haemagglutination. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood T cell subsets showed that bucillamine induced a characteristic increase in the cell constituent ratio of CD4+CD45RA+ T cells. Decreases in CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells and CD5+ B cells were considered characteristic features induced by bucillamine administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

T-cell receptor V beta 8 has no significant suppressive effect on collagen-induced arthritis.

To elucidate the in-vivo role of T lymphocytes in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), treatment with anti-CD4 or anti-T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta 8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was performed in CIA mice. As the result of injection with each mAb, CD4-positive cells were incompletely deleted in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes, whereas TCR-V beta 8-positive cells were completely deleted. In the anti-CD4-mAb-treated mice, the development of arthritis was markedly suppressed in association with a lower antibody response to type II collagen. However, the treatment with anti-TCR-V beta 8 mAb did not alter either the arthritis symptoms or the antibody response. These results suggest that the development of arthritis is regulated by T cells, most probably CD4-positive cells, and not by TCR-V beta 8-positive cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

In vitro reconstitution of an erythropoietin gene transcription system using its 5'-flanking sequence and a nuclear extract from anemic kidney.

We have developed an in vitro transcription system for the erythropoietin (Epo) gene. This system uses a plasmid carrying 0.2 kb of 5'-flanking sequence from the human Epo gene, rNTPs and a nuclear extract from mouse kidney. The transcribed RNA was assayed by primer extension with an end-labeled primer complementary to the sequence of the plasmid, dNTPs and reverse transcriptase. The primer extension product corresponding to the transcript was detected on a sequencing gel. The in vitro promoter activity of the Epo 5'-flanking sequence was observed with a nuclear extract from anemic kidney but not with that from normal kidney.

Anemia↗
PubMed1992

Topology of cytochrome b558 in neutrophil membrane analyzed by anti-peptide antibodies and proteolysis.

Cytochrome b558 is an important constituent of the superoxide-generating system in neutrophils and B lymphocytes. In this paper, the topology of the cytochrome in human neutrophil membrane was studied using antibodies raised in rabbits against synthetic peptides corresponding to various regions in the large and small subunits of the cytochrome. The antibodies recognized the cytochrome subunits in immunoblots and the cytochrome in situ. An antibody raised against residues 150-172 in the large subunit (anti-L123) bound to intact neutrophils, indicating that this region is exposed to the outside of the cells. In contrast, antibodies raised against any of the carboxyl-terminal regions of the large and small subunits (anti-LC and anti-SC, respectively) or the amino-terminal region of the small subunit (anti-SN), bound to neutrophils only after the cells were made permeable by freezing and thawing. The region close to the carboxyl terminus of the large subunit was digested by extracellularly added papain and, as a result, an 18-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment was detected. Thus the carboxyl-terminal region of the large subunit is cytoplasmic and/or buried in the membrane, and the region around residues 369-398 is exposed on the cell surface. In contrast to the large subunits, the small subunit in neutrophils was resistant to any of the proteinases tested, although the subunit in membrane or Triton-solubilized preparation was digestible with papain. These results indicate that the large subunit of cytochrome b558 is a transmembrane protein with at least two regions exposed on the cell surface and that the carboxyl terminus of this subunit and both termini of the small subunit are exposed to the cytoplasmic side.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Infection enhancement of influenza A NWS virus in primary murine macrophages by anti-hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of influenza A NWS virus infection was investigated in primary murine macrophages (M phi) using anti-hemagglutinin(HA) monoclonal antibody (mAB). Contrary to previous reports of abortive influenza virus infection in primary M phi, this study demonstrated that the NWS virus replicated productively in both resident peritoneal M phi and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal M phi providing cleavage of the HA was achieved by trypsin; 5 micrograms/ml of trypsin was the optimum concentration for the induction of infectivity. Under multiple-cycle growth conditions in the presence of mAB at various concentrations in trypsin-containing media, ADE was demonstrated in both M phi in the presence of subneutralizing concentrations of mAB. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the mechanism of virus entry into M phi could be through HA to specific virus receptors, or HA plus antibody to Fc receptors. These results indicate that ADE of the NWS virus infection actually occurs on Fc receptor-bearing primary murine M phi depending on the concentration of antibody in the presence of the appropriate protease for cleavage of viral HA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intracardiac thrombus in murine Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis.

We studied the appearance of intracardiac mural thrombi with time and the relationship between thrombosis and congestive heart failure (CHF) in murine coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis. Four- to six-week-old C3H/He mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with CB3 and were observed for 90 days. Mice were sacrificed periodically on days 4, 8, 14, 30, and 90. Among 129 mice with myocarditis, 35 (27.1%) developed CHF and 40 (31.0%) demonstrated thrombi after day 8. The total incidence of thrombosis was significantly higher in mice with CHF (71.4%; 25/35) than in those without CHF (16.0%; 15/94) (P less than 0.001). The present study suggests that CB6 myocarditis carries a significant risk of thromboembolism, and that CHF is a risk factor for the appearance of thrombi.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging of a malignant transformation of an intracranial cellular blue nevus. A case report.

As a follow-up to a case previously reported, a rare case of malignant transformation of cellular blue nevus (CBN) in the central nervous system preoperatively diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported. On MRI, the malignant portion of the nevus was slightly hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted images. In contrast, the benign portion with a great deal of melanin was hyperintense on T1-weighted image and hypointense on T2-weighted image. MRI was useful and indispensable for detecting the malignant transformation of CBN.

Brain Neoplasms↗