Lysophosphatidylcholine induces heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and interferon-gamma in human T-lymphocytes.
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Cells, Cultured↗
Biomedical subjects
H Ochi
Publications and source records attributed to H Ochi.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
BACKGROUND: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) detected by positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to measure the glycolytic activity of tumor cells. Though the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma is usually poor, a subset of patients with good prognoses may be discovered by determining the degree of FDG integration into tumors. METHODS: Fourteen patients with histologically proven pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent 18F-FDG PET. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F-FDG was calculated, and the patients were divided into high (> or = 3.0) and low (< 3.0) SUV groups. RESULTS: The two groups were not significantly different in terms of age, tumor location and size, staging, and treatment. However, analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method revealed that the groups had different prognoses (log rank test, P < 0.05). The mean survival of patients with high SUV was 5 months, whereas that of patients with low SUV was 14 months. There were not strong correlations between the SUVs and tumor size (0.56), serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (0.39), or carcinoembryonic antigen (0.52). CONCLUSIONS: SUV calculated with 18F-FDG can be utilized as a prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Positron emission tomographic imaging of head and neck lesions.
Positron emission tomography (PET) produces images that reflect the rate and distribution of biochemical and physiological processes in tissue in vivo. This has been observed with many types of neoplasm not evident when using such anatomical imaging techniques as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated the feasibility of 2-18F-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET studies in diagnosing and assessing the effects of treatment on lesions of the tongue, maxillary sinus and nasopharynx. FDG-PET imaging was performed 45 times in 17 patients with tumors before treatment. Ten patients with malignant lesions also underwent imaging after treatment. The differential absorption ratio (DAR) of the isotope was calculated at 55 min and the time activity curve (TAC) was obtained by dynamic emission scans for 0-55 min following injection of FDG. FDG-PET images, DAR and TAC were evaluated in all lesions. Findings showed that FDG-PET images could be used to diagnose malignant tumors and evaluate treatment when the DAR was > 4.0 and TAC was steep upward. Images suggestive of benign lesions had low DAR values (< 4.0) and mildly upward or flat TACs.
Absorption↗
Diagnosis of chronic liver disease from liver scintiscans by artificial neural networks.
Artificial neural networks were used in the diagnosis of chronic liver disease based on liver scintiscanning. One hundred and thirty-seven patients with chronic liver disease (12 with chronic persistent hepatitis, 39 with chronic aggressive hepatitis, and 86 with cirrhosis) and 25 healthy controls were studied. Sixty-five subjects (10 healthy controls, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 35 patients with cirrhosis of the liver) were used in the establishment of a neural network. Liver scintiscans were taken starting 20 min after the intravenous injection of 111 MBq of Tc-99m-phytate. The neural network was used to evaluate five items judged from information on liver scintiscans: the ratio of the sizes of the left and right lobes, splenomegaly, radioactivity in the bone marrow, deformity of the liver and distribution of radioactivity in the liver. The neural network was designed to distinguish between three liver conditions (healthy liver, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis) on the basis of these five items. The diagnostic accuracy with the neural network was 86% for patients with chronic hepatitis and 93% for patients with cirrhosis. With conventional scoring, the accuracy was 77% for patients with chronic hepatitis and 87% for patients with cirrhosis. Our findings suggest that artificial neural networks may be useful for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases from liver scintiscans.
Case-Control Studies↗
Response of the extramedullary lung plasmacytoma with pleural effusion to chemotherapy.
An elderly patient with extramedullary lung plasmacytoma and subsequent pleural effusion is described. The presence of abnormal plasma cells in the pleural fluid led to diagnosis. Histologically similar conditions such as multiple myeloma and solitary myeloma of bone were ruled out by clinical evaluation. These neoplasms usually occur in the head and neck area and are not characterized by paraprotein accumulation. Few cases in the lung have been reported. We describe a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the lung with plasmacytoma-induced pleural effusion and the presence of monoclonal paraprotein in both the serum and urine. Chemotherapy with melphalan was effective in reducing the size of the plasmacytoma, and pleurodesis was used to manage the pleural effusion.
Aged↗
Transient liver accumulation of Tc-99m phytate in hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous ethanol injection.
PURPOSE: We report that colloid liver scanning gave early evidence of the return to normal of Kupffer cell functions after ethanol injections into the liver. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 71-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma received percutaneous ethanol injections twice of 15 mL of ethanol, 1 week apart. RESULTS: Abdominal CT after the second injection showed an irregularly shaped low-density area in the left side of the tumor, extending outside the tumor. Liver imaging with To-99m phytate 10 days later showed increased activity at the corresponding site. Thirty days after the second injection, liver imaging did not show high activity. CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol that leaked into the normal part of the liver probably temporarily activated Kupffer cell function.
Aged↗
Radioimmunodetection with 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody Nd2 in patients with pancreatic cancer.
This report summarizes results from an initial clinical evaluation of radioimmunodetection (RAID) in patients with pancreatic cancer using murine monoclonal antibody Nd2, directed against mucins from pancreatic cancer. Nd2 (2 mg) was labeled with 111In (2 mCi) and injected into 19 patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer. Planar scintigrams were taken 3 days post-infusion. As for final diagnoses after surgery, 14 cases were pancreatic cancer, and one case each was chronic pancreatitis, neurilemmoma, islet cell carcinoma, cholangioma, and apparent absence of suspected recurrent lesion of pancreatic cancer. Of 14 patients with pancreatic cancer, RAID was positive in 10 cases (71.4%). Cases other than pancreatic cancer were all negative, so the specificity was 100%. These results demonstrate that RAID using 111In-Nd2 can be useful in differentiating exocrine pancreatic cancer from benign conditions and other types of carcinomas in the pancreatoduodenal regions.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Lysophosphatidylcholine increases expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in human T lymphocytes.
Atherosclerotic lesions contain substantial numbers of activated T lymphocytes in addition to monocytes/macrophages. T cell-derived cytokines and growth factors may play a role in atherogenesis; however, stimuli responsible for T-cell activation in atherogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we provide evidence that lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), a polar phospholipid component increased in atherogenic lipoproteins and atherosclerotic lesions, can upregulate gene expression and secretion of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in cultured T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood. Effects of lyso-PC on T lymphocytes appear to be selective and specific, since lyso-PC also increases interleukin (IL)-2 receptor expression but does not affect mRNA levels for IL-2 or IL-4. Lyso-PC-induced upregulation of HB-EGF and IL-2 receptor mRNA in peripheral T cells is mostly dependent on exogenous IL-2 in conditioned medium. The effect of lyso-PC on HB-EGF induction was more potent in CD4+ cells than in CD8+ cells, although lyso-PC increases IL-2 receptor expression dramatically in both CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells. Lyso-PC similarly increased HB-EGF expression in Jurkat cells, a cell line for human CD4+ T lymphocytes. These results in vitro suggest that lyso-PC may be an important stimulus for T cells in atherogenesis in vivo to upregulate HB-EGF and that T cell-derived smooth muscle growth factors may modulate atherosclerotic progression.
Biological Assay↗
Evaluation of fulminant hepatic failure by scintigraphy with technetium-99m-GSA.
UNLABELLED: We evaluated the usefulness of hepatic receptor imaging with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) to establish the diagnosis and prognosis of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: Of the 20 patients, 8 had acute hepatitis and 12 had FHF. Computer acquisition of gamma-camera data started just before the injection of 185 MBq 99mTc-GSA and stopped 20 min later. Time-activity curves for the heart and liver were generated from regions of interest (ROIs) for the whole liver and precordium. A receptor index was calculated by division of the radioactivity of the liver ROI by that of the liver plus heart ROIs 15 min after the injection. An index of blood clearance was calculated by division of the radioactivity of the heart ROI at 15 min by that of the heart ROI 5 min after the injection. RESULTS: The receptor index was less than 0.83 in all patients with FHF, but it was more than 0.83 in all patients with acute hepatitis. The index of blood clearance was more than 0.72 in all patients with FHF but less than 0.72 in all patients with acute hepatitis. All six survivors of FHF had receptor indices of 0.58 or more, but in five of the six patients who later died, the receptor index was 0.58 or less. The index of blood clearance was 0.85 or less in all survivors but 0.85 or more in the same five patients who later died. CONCLUSION: Hepatic receptor imaging with 99mTc-GSA facilitated the evaluation of hepatic function reserve and was useful in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of FHF.
Acute Disease↗
Changes in results of Gallium-67-citrate scanning after interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
UNLABELLED: Gallium-67 scanning is useful for early diagnosis and grading of interstitial lung disease. In a study of the side effects of interferon (IFN) on the lungs of patients with chronic hepatitis C, we performed 67Ga scanning before and after IFN therapy. METHODS: The 66 subjects who underwent at least one scanning, before IFN therapy, were 8 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 21 with chronic aggressive hepatitis 2A (CAH-2A), 25 with chronic aggressive hepatitis 2B (CAH-2B) and 12 with cirrhosis. All had underlying hepatitis C viral infection. Of those patients, 20 were examined again within 1 mo after IFN therapy. Patients received an intravenous injection of 340 MBq 67Ga-citrate and were imaged 72 hr later. ROIs were established for anterior views of the lungs (Lu), liver (Li) and soft tissue of the upper arm as background (B). The counts per unit size of each region of interest were used in calculation of the ratios Lu/B and Li/B. RESULTS: The medians of Lu/B were 2.46 in CPH, 2.56 in CAH-2A, 2.50 in CAH-2B and 2.47 in cirrhosis. These differences were not statistically significant. The medians of Li/B were 6.42 in CPH, 6.14 in CAH-2A, 5.11 in CAH-2B and 4.03 in cirrhosis. The differences between the median Li/B of cirrhotic patients and the medians for patients with CPH, CAH-2A and CAH-2B were significant. After therapy, Lu/B was higher than before in 16 of the 20 patients and lower in the four other patients; the overall rise was significant (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Li/B was higher than before in 11 of the 20 patients and lower in the nine other patients. CONCLUSION: IFN caused uptake of the radionuclide to increase in most patients. This method showed changes in the accumulation of 67Ga-citrate that could have been missed if the results had been inspected by eye. IFN can cause interstitial lung disease, but unlike other drugs with this side effect, the onset seems to be gradual enough to be detected quantitatively by 67Ga scanning.
Adult↗
Regional cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in spontaneously epileptic EL mice.
UNLABELLED: The dynamics of the relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional glucose utilization (rGU) were examined in spontaneously epileptic EL mice in the interictal, ictal and postictal states, using autoradiography with 125I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and 14C-2-deoxyglucose (DG), respectively. METHODS: EL mice were used in the study, which have previously been used as a model of the idiopathic human epilepsy. EL mice develop secondary generalized tonic-clonic convulsions, and ddY and EL(o) mice, which do not experience seizures, were used as controls. IMP and DG, respectively, were injected in EL mice in the interictal, ictal and postictal states. We examined the relative rCBF and rGU from the obtained autoradiograms of mouse brain sections. RESULTS: No significant changes in the relative rCBF were obtained in the hippocampus in the course of epileptic seizures. In contrast, significant increases in the relative rGU were observed in the hippocampus in the ictal and early postictal states. The dissociation between the dynamics of the rCBF and rGU were found in the event of epileptic seizures of EL mice. CONCLUSION: The flow metabolism dissociation in the ictal and early postictal states is of both conceptual and practical interest, while the reason for the dissociation of rCBF from the rGU in epileptics seizures remains to be established. Our results emphasize the importance of estimating both cerebral perfusion and glucose metabolism in epilepsy.
Amphetamines↗
[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy].
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is the only polyomavirus infection in human caused by JC virus. Clinically PML is diagnosed by neurological signs, supported by MRI and PET, but its pathologic diagnosis at brain biopsy remains to be a confirmative method, although the PCR method, using csf, gives a predictive value. Virological study of the regulatory region of viral genome has suggested that PML-inducing viral type may be derived from the urine-excreted virus (archetype) by mechanisms involving nucleotide deletion and duplication. Viral neurotropism has been shown to be closely related to transcriptional function of the viral promoter-enhancer which cellular proteins bind to and is activate by. Of these, NF-1 binding proteins, glial factor-1, Tst-1 (SCIP, Oct-6) and others should be tested for their specificity to human glial cell.
Humans↗
Quantitative immunohistochemical determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine by a monoclonal antibody N45.1: its application to ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced renal carcinogenesis model.
The DNA base-modified product 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the most commonly used markers for the evaluation of oxidative DNA damage. A monoclonal antibody specific for 8-OHdG (N45.1) was characterized and applied in quantitative immunohistochemistry. N45.1 recognized both the modified base and deoxyribose structure of 8-OHdG and required a concentration two orders higher of 8-hydroxyguanosine as a competitor in the ELISA. In addition, N45.1 did not cross-react with the original four deoxyribonucleosides, other DNA base-modified products such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyadenosine and O6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, or urine components such as uric acid, creatine, and creatinine. A ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced rat renal carcinogenesis model was used for the evaluation of quantitative immunohistochemistry. The 8-OHdG index of quantitative immunohistochemistry, as analyzed by NIH image freeware, correlated reasonably well with the 8-OHdG amount determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector-except for a difference in peak time, which could be attributed to the selection of target location. The present method has advantages over the high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detector, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and 32P-postlabeling methods in that it allows localization of 8-OHdG to be specified without the risk of artifactual production of 8-OHdG during the DNA extraction and hydrolytic processes.
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
[A case of an adult neuroblastoma with bone-marrow metastases: 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in comparison with MRI].
To detect a primary neuroblastoma lesion and its metastases, 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was performed for a 24-year-old woman who had a high level of serum catecholamine. 131I-MIBG scintigrams showed high radioactivity in the left upper quadrant, pelvic bone, and vertebral bodies. A biopsy of the pelvic bone revealed metastasis from the neuroblastoma. After four chemotherapy courses, the accumulation of 131I-MIBG decreased after each course; however, scintigraphy performed after the last chemotherapy course showed focal mild uptake in the right sacroiliac. The presence of residual tumor in the sacroiliac was confirmed histologically. On the other hand, T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images performed before the treatment showed low signal intensity and high signal intensity in the pelvic bone, respectively. After the fourth chemotherapy course, T2-weighted MR images showed low signal intensity in the pelvic bone; however, it was difficult to determinate whether it should improve. To assess the effect of treatment of neuroblastoma, 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was considered more useful than MRI.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
Lecithin hydrophobicity modulates the process of cholesterol crystal nucleation and growth in supersaturated model bile systems.
The present study was performed to determine whether the degree of lecithin hydrophobicity regulates bile metastability and, therefore, affects the process of cholesterol crystallization. Supersaturated model bile (MB) solutions were prepared with an identical composition on a molar basis (taurocholate/lecithin/cholesterol, 73:19.5:7.5; total lipid concentration 9 g/dl) except for the lecithin species; egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, soybean phosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine, dilinoleoyl phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Each MB solution was incubated and sequentially examined. Video-enhanced contrast microscopy demonstrated that the rate of vesicular aggregation and fusion correlated with the degree of lecithin hydrophobicity, and that the rate of cholesterol crystal nucleation correlated with the degree of lecithin hydrophilicity. In MBs containing less hydrophobic lecithin, needle-like crystals developed and transformed into mature plate-like crystals, whereas classical plate-like crystals were consistently observed in MBs composed of hydrophobic lecithin. Laser-diffraction particle size analysis demonstrated that the increase in lecithin hydrophobicity enlarged the vesicle dimension, enhancing its cholesterol-holding capacity. Correlation between vesicular cholesterol packing density and lecithin hydrophobicity suggests that the process of bile cholesterol nucleation and growth is regulated, in part, by acyl chain unsaturation in lecithin. Since the composition of biliary lecithins is responsive to dietary manipulations, this study provides new insights into the prevention of cholesterol gallstones.
Bile↗
[Case of bilateral paramedian thalamic and hypothalamic infarction associated with interesting vertical gaze paralysis].
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Aged↗
Carnosine sustains the retention of cell morphology in continuous fibroblast culture subjected to nutritional insult.
L- Carnosine (beta-alanyl L-histidine), occurring abundantly in skeletal muscles, has been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-aging properties. Using three different experimental approaches (microscopic, flow cytometric and ELISA for one of the markers of DNA oxidative damage) this study on rat embryonic fibroblasts demonstrates that L-carnosine at 30 mM concentration sustains the retention of cell morphology even during a nutritional insult for five weeks. Also, L-carnosine significantly reduces the formation of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OH dG) in the cells after four weeks of continuous culture. Thus it could be inferred that the anti-senescent effect of L-carnosine is probably linked to its inhibition of formation of intracellular 8-OH dG during oxidative stress.
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
[Nervous system infections--Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy].
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗