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Biomedical subjects

H Ochi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ochi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Role of phospholipase A2 in cholesterol gallstone formation is associated with biliary phospholipid species selection at the site of hepatic excretion: indirect evidence.

Phospholipase A2 plays a role in cholesterol gallstone development by hydrolyzing bile phospholipids into lysolecithin and free fatty acids. Lysolecithin and polyunsaturated free fatty acids are known to stimulate the synthesis and/or secretion of gallbladder mucin via a prostanoid pathway, leading to enhancing cholesterol crystal nucleation and growth, and therefore, the action of phospholipase A2 is associated, in part, with bile phospholipid fatty acid. To clarify this hypothesis, we evaluated the effect on bile lipid metastability in vitro of replacing phospholipids with lysolecithin and various free fatty acids. Supersaturated model biles were created with an identical composition (cholesterol saturation index, 1.8; egg yolk lecithin, 34 mM; taurocholate, 120 mM; cholesterol, 25 mM) except for 5%, 10%, or 20% replacement of egg yolk lecithin with a combination of palmitoyl-lysolecithin and a free fatty acid (palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, or arachidonate), followed by time-sequentially monitoring of vesicles and cholesterol crystals using spectrophotometer and video-enhanced differential contrast microscopy. Replacement with hydrophilic fatty acids (linoleate and arachidonate) reduced vesicle formation and promoted cholesterol crystallization, whereas an enhanced cholesterol-holding capacity was evident after replacement with hydrophobic fatty acids (palmitate and stearate). These results indicate that the effect of phospholipase A2 on bile lithogenecity is modulated by the fatty acid species in bile phospholipids, and therefore, that the role of phospholipase A2 in cholesterol gallstone formation is dependent, in part, on biliary phospholipid species selection at the site of hepatic excretion.

Bile↗
PubMed2000

The meaning of serum levels of advanced glycosylation end products in diabetic nephropathy.

It has been reported that advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. To evaluate the relationship between serum AGEs and diabetic nephropathy, we measured serum AGE levels in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (N), microalbuminuria (M), overt proteinuria (O), and hemodialysis (HD), non diabetic patients with nephropathy, and age-matched control subjects using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine AGE levels were also measured in these subjects except group HD. Serum AGE levels in diabetic patients were not significantly higher than those in the normal subjects. When we compared serum AGE levels among various stages of diabetic nephropathy, groups O and HD had significantly higher serum AGE levels than the other groups. Serum AGE levels in group HD were almost 6-fold higher than those in groups N and M. In contrast, there were no significant differences in urinary AGE levels among any diabetic groups. As for the variables that determine serum AGE levels in diabetic patients, there was no significant correlation between serum AGEs and fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), or duration of diabetes. In contrast, serum AGEs showed a strong correlation with serum creatinine and an inverse correlation with creatinine clearance. To evaluate the relationship between serum AGEs and oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which are biological markers of total oxidative stress in vivo, were also examined. Both urinary 8-OHdG and serum MDA levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients with proteinuria versus those without proteinuria. However, there was no significant correlation between serum AGEs and urinary 8-OHdG or serum MDA levels in diabetic patients. These results suggest that the accumulation of serum AGEs in diabetic nephropathy may be mainly due to decreased removal in the kidney rather than increased production by high glucose levels or oxidative stress.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2000

Positron emission tomographic imaging of acoustic neuromas.

Positron emission tomography (PET) examination with both [11C]methyl-l-methionine (Met) and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) was performed in the same patients with acoustic neuroma wherever possible in order to compare the usefulness of the two methods. The study included six patients who visited the Osaka City University Hospitals, between April 1994 and October 1998, for complaints associated with acoustic neuroma. All patients were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Met-PET. Four patients were examined by FDG-PET. The tumor's region of highest accumulation was selected as the region of interest; the tumor/normal ratio (T/N ratio) was defined as the ratio of radioisotope counts for tumor and normal gray matter. All tumors in this series were detected by MRI. In the Met-PET images, four tumors were easily identified, with a high T/N ratio. However, two tumors could not be identified using Met-PET. On FDG-PET, no cases could be identified. The T/N ratio for the four patients with positive Met-PET findings averaged 1.694 +/- 0.266. PET, especially Met-PET, is a powerful means of examination providing functional information on tumors in acoustic neuroma. Met-PET may therefore be useful for acoustic neuroma, which is known to proliferate slowly, as for malignant tumors, in evaluating the proliferating potential of a tumor, in determining patients in whom to perform radiological treatment and in monitoring post-treatment progress.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Negative regulation of B cell receptor-mediated signaling in B-1 cells through CD5 and Ly49 co-receptors via Lyn kinase activity.

CD5(+) B-1 cells are known to be unresponsive to B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated growth signals but instead undergo apoptosis. However, the B-1 cells from Lyn kinase-deficient (Lyn-/-) mice exhibited an enhanced proliferative response upon BCR cross-linking. It has been reported that BCR-mediated signaling in B-1 cells is negatively regulated by signals from CD22, CD5 and CD72 co-receptors, and that Lyn kinase plays a crucial role in tyrosine phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs on the CD22 and CD72, which recruits SHP-1 to the BCR complex. We found that Lyn kinase is also essential for the tyrosine phosphorylation of CD5 and subsequent recruitment of SHP-1 in B-1 cells upon cross-linking of BCR. Moreover, a distinct subpopulation of B-1 cells was found to express cell surface Ly49, which is known as a MHC class I-binding negative regulatory receptor on NK cells. Ly49 was rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated upon cross-linking of BCR and SHP-1 was found to recruit to the phosphorylated Ly49. Addition of F(ab')(2) fragments of anti-Ly49 antibodies partially blocked negative signals in B-1 cells. Thus two co-receptors, CD5 and Ly49, which are unique to B-1 cells, play a role in the regulation of B-1 cell activation. These results indicate that BCR-mediated signals in B-1 cells are strictly and negatively regulated through multiple pathways, that are dependent on Lyn kinase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Factors affecting gallstone recurrence after successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Ninety-six patients treated successively for symptomatic cholelithiasis with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and oral bile acid therapy consisting of ursodeoxycholic acid in daily dosages of 600 mg were prospectively followed for gallstone recurrence for a median of 13 months. Ultrasonography was performed to detect stone recurrence at 3, 6, and 12 months, and then yearly after the termination of therapy. Recurrent stones were found in 17 patients (18%). The cumulative probability of gallstone recurrence was 15.8% at 12 months, 26.1% at 24 months, and 30.7% at 36 months. The probability of stone recurrence over the entire period of observation was not dependent on stone number, whereas the median interval to detection of recurrence was significantly shorter in the patients with multiple stones (2 months) than in those with solitary stones (8 months) (p < 0.05). The rate of impaired gallbladder contractility was higher in patients with recurrence (8/15, 53.3%) when compared with those with no recurrence (15/72, 20.8%) (p < 0.01). Neither age, gender, or stone characteristics predicted stone recurrence. Only one patient with a recurrence reported biliary pain. Of the 15 patients with recurrent stones who opted for further nonsurgical treatment, complete stone disappearance was achieved in 10. Impaired gallbladder function may predict gallstone recurrence after ESWL.

Cholagogues and Choleretics↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of hepatic blood flow by PET with 15O water: correlation between per-rectal portal scintigraphy with 99Tc(m)-pertechnetate and scintigraphy with 99Tc(m)-GSA.

We performed positron emission tomography with 15O water (H2(15)O) to measure hepatic arterial and portal blood flow. In addition, portal haemodynamics and hepatic functional reserve were measured by per-rectal portal scintigraphy and scintigraphy with galactosyl human serum albumin, respectively. We studied 15 patients who had cirrhosis of the liver with underlying viral infection. After the intravenous injection of H2(15)O, positron emission tomography was performed. Blood samples were obtained after beginning the emission scan. The blood samples and positron emission tomographic images were analysed to calculate the radioactivity in the blood and liver. One-compartment model analysis was used to estimate hepatic arterial and portal blood flow. Computer acquisition of gamma-camera data was started just before the injection of 99Tc(m)-galactosyl human serum albumin. A receptor index and an index of blood clearance were calculated on the basis of the radioactivity of the liver and heart. A 99Tc(m)-pertechnetate solution was instilled into the rectum; serial scintigrams were performed and radioactivity curves for the liver and heart were recorded sequentially. A per-rectal portal shunt index was calculated from the curves. Median portal blood flow was 80 ml x 100 g(-1) x min(-1), median hepatic arterial blood flow was 56 ml x 100 g(-1) x min(-1), and median total hepatic blood flow was 138 ml x 100 g(-1) x min(-1) in patients with cirrhosis. The correlations between portal blood flow and the Child-Turcotte classification score, portal shunt index and receptor index were all significant. Our results show that hepatic arterial and portal blood flow can be measured by positron emission tomography with H2(15)O non-invasively and physiologically. This technique may be useful in pathophysiological studies of liver disease.

Hepatitis, Viral, Human↗
PubMed2000

Correlation between progesterone binding sites on human spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization outcome.

We investigated whether the expression of progesterone-binding sites on human sperm acrozomal membrane is correlated with in vitro fertilization outcome. In motile sperm we evaluated percentage of progesterone-binding sperm (%PB) and of acrozome-reacted sperm (%AR), collected from 39 male partners undergoing an in vitro fertilization program (IVF), by labeling the sperm with progesterone-conjugated BSA-labeled FITC (P-BSA-FITC) and pisum sativum agglutinin labeled-FITC (PSA-FITC). Mean %PB in 30 fertilized cases was significantly higher than that in 9 fertilization failures (9.0 +/- 5.1 vs. 22.3 +/- 14.8%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, %PB shows a strong positive correlation with fertilization rate in IVF (r = 0.44) and %AR (r = 0.62), but not with sperm concentration and sperm motility. These results suggest that the expression of progesterone receptor on the sperm was related to the sperm fertilizability, and the evaluation of %PB was useful for predicting the fertilization outcome of IVF.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed2000

Urinary orotic acid levels in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Our objective was to study the urinary levels of orotic acid in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Such levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with column-switching. The levels of urinary orotic acid (micromol/g creatinine) in normal pregnancy (n = 14) were 6.9 +/- 2.3 (first trimester), 10.1 +/- 2.4 (20 weeks) and 12.0 +/- 3.7 (30 weeks). In pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 14), the corresponding levels were 6.5 +/- 1.7, 7.8 +/- 2.7 and 7.6 +/- 2.3, respectively. Normal pregnant subjects individually showed a significant elevation at 20 and 30 weeks of gestation as compared with those in the first trimester (p < 0.01). A high consumption of arginine in nitric oxide production during normal pregnancy may cause a physiological elevation of urinary orotic acid. The absence of an elevation in pregnancy-induced hypertension may be associated with a decrease in nitric oxide production.

Arginine↗
PubMed2000

Different recognition by peroxisome proliferator structures in rat peroxisomal induction: application of sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibody against rat peroxisomes.

A novel assay for a peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme by sandwich ELISA using a monoclonal antibody (RPX-5) against purified rat liver peroxisomes was developed. Immunoblot analysis revealed that RPX-5 recognized a 78 Kd protein, which is a peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (PBE) in the beta-oxidation pathway. Immunoprecipitation by RPX-5 and the resulting reduction of PBE activity were dependent on RPX-5 concentrations. Sandwich ELISA using RPX-5 could be used to assay PBE in the range of 30 to 2000 ng protein/ml. In rat hepatocyte cultures, the PBE amount by this assay correlated well with PBE activity, with correlation coefficients of 0.965. Studying the mechanisms of peroxisomal induction, patterns of peroxisomal induction were examined by co-treatment of rat hepatocytes with various peroxisome proliferators (PxPs). Treatment with clofibrate and bezafibrate resulted in neither an additive nor synergistic effect on PBE level. On the other hand, co-treatment with either bezafibrate-Wy-14,643 or clofibrate-MEHP(mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) both resulted in an additive effect. From these results, it is suggested that PxPs of the fibrate group may exert their functions via a common process, and non-fibrate PxPs via a different process in hepatocytes. The cognition site for peroxisome proliferators, therefore, might not involve a single site for inducing peroxisomal enzymes.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2000

Reverse redistribution of thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission tomography and contractile reserve.

The present study investigated the contractile reserve of myocardium exhibiting reverse redistribution (RRD) of thallium-201 (201Tl) after acute myocardial infarction. Forty patients experiencing their first acute myocardial infarction underwent resting 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and low-dose (5-10 microgxkg(-1)xmin(-1)) dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) within 4 weeks after the onset of infarction. The left ventricle was divided into 13 segments for analysis. The severity of defects in 201Tl SPECT and the extent of wall motion abnormality in DSE were visually assessed and scored. The sum of each defect score and wall motion score of infarct-related segments were defined as total defect score (TDS) and total wall motion score (TWM), respectively. Quantitative analysis of 201Tl uptake was also performed. Resting 201Tl SPECT revealed RRD in 16 patients (group RRD), fixed defect (FIX) in 23 patients (group FIX), and redistribution in one. There was a significant difference in improvement of TWM between rest and stress in TWM in both the RRD and FIX groups (p<0.0001, each case). The improvement of TWM with dobutamine was significantly greater in RRD than in FIX (1.6+/-1.0 vs 0.6+/-0.7, p=0.001). There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of RRD and improvement of TWM with dobutamine (r=0.48, p=0.002). Myocardium exhibiting RRD on 201Tl SPECT in patients with acute myocardial infarction has greater contractile reserve than that exhibiting a fixed defect.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of metabolically ischemic, but viable, myocardium on QT dispersion in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a study with resting I-123-BMIPP/thallium-201 myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography.

In chronic Q-wave myocardial infarction, QT dispersion is closely correlated with infarct size, but this correlation has not been evaluated for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The effects of abnormal fatty acid metabolism on QT dispersion were examined in 123 patients with AMI who underwent resting iodine-123-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP)/thallium-201(201Tl) myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electrocardiographic analysis in the subacute phase. The relationship between BMIPP and 201Tl was defined as match when the total defect score for BMIPP was equal to or smaller than that for 201Tl, and as mismatch when the total defect score for BMIPP was larger than that for 201Tl. Twenty-six patients (21%) demonstrated BMIPP-201Tl match and 97 (79%) demonstrated mismatch. Infarct size was closely correlated with QT dispersion (r=0.67, p<0.001) in patients with BMIPP-201Tl match, but weakly correlated (r=0.30, p<0.005) in patients with BMIPP-201Tl mismatch. For small infarctions, QT dispersion was significantly larger in patients with BMIPP-201Tl mismatch than in those with BMIPP-201Tl match (62+/-24 ms vs 41+/-18 ms, p=0.03), but did not differ between the 2 groups for large infarctions. This study shows that QT dispersion is influenced by infarct size and by the presence of metabolically ischemic but viable myocardium in patients with AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A reverse flow-metabolism mismatch pattern: a new marker of viable myocardium with greater contractility during dobutamine stress than myocardium with a flow-metabolism mismatch pattern.

Few studies have investigated the contractility of myocardium with a reverse flow-metabolism pattern; that is, greater uptake of nitrogen- 13-ammonia (NH3) than fluorine- 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET). This study examined the contraction thickening represented by count increase in ECG-gated FDG-PET of myocardium with a reverse flow-metabolism pattern during low-dose dobutamine stress. Fifty-four patients with myocardial infarction were studied. Relative NH3 and FDG uptake (%NH3, %FDG) and %count increase were measured in 216 apical and 216 lateral segments on ECG-gated FDG-PET. The %count increase during low-dose dobutamine stress was greater in myocardium with a reverse flow-metabolism mismatch pattern than in myocardium with a flow-metabolism mismatch pattern (35.9+/-25.7% vs 24.6+/-15.9%, p=0.0221 in apical segments, and 38.4+/-22.6% vs 27.6+/-18.4%, p=0.0040 in lateral segments) despite smaller %FDG. A reverse flow-metabolism mismatch pattern should be noted as a new marker of viable myocardium with greater contractility during dobutamine stress than myocardium with a flow-metabolism mismatch pattern.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Effects of preinfarction angina on myocardial injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a study with resting 123I-BMIPP and 201T1 myocardial SPECT.

METHODS: Recent studies have suggested that patients with preinfarction angina have smaller infarcts and a better in-hospital outcome than those without angina. The mechanisms responsible for limitation of infarct size in the presence of preinfarction angina are unclear. We examined the effects of preinfarction angina on myocardial injury in patients with the first acute myocardial infarction with resting 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) 201TI myocardial scanning performed within 1 mo of infarction. RESULTS: Of 136 patients tested, 48 (35%) had preinfarction angina within 72 h before infarction, whereas 88 (65%) did not. BMIPP and 201TI defects were scored in 9 segments of the left ventricle (0 = normal, 1 = mild defect, 2 = moderate defect, 3 = severe defect, and 4 = no uptake). The total defect score was defined as the sum of the defect scores. There was no significant difference in percentage diameters of stenoses of infarct-related arteries, collateral circulation, total defect scores for BMIPP, or 201TI between the groups with and without preinfarction angina. However, the ratio of total defect score for 201TI to that for BMIPP was significantly smaller for patients with than for those without preinfarction angina (0.64 +/- 0.21 versus 0.74 +/- 0.25, respectively; P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Preinfarction angina did not affect the areas at risk in acute myocardial infarction, as shown by BMIPP defect, but decreased necrotic myocardium in the areas at risk, as shown by 201TI defect, and increased metabolically damaged but viable myocardium, as shown by BMIPP and 201TI mismatch through unidentified mechanisms other than collateral circulation (e.g., ischemic preconditioning).

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed2000

Quantitative determination of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dg) by using ELISA.

In order to establish a quantitative assay for 8-OHdG concentrations in urine, we examined the precision of a test for the recovery of 8-OHdG in urine by using an ELISA method. The coefficient of variation (CV) for assay with incubation in water or air ranged between 7.0% and 8.4% and between 19.2% and 30.6%, respectively. The data by using incubation in water gave higher accuracy than those in air. The recovery rates of 8-OHdG in urine sample ranged from 95 - 114%. Our results indicated that the excellent sensitivity of this ELISA kit by using incubation in water makes its use possible for the determination in urine with a good reproducibility and recovery of 8-OHdG-spiked samples.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed1999

Lysophosphatidylcholine phosphorylates CREB and activates the jun2TRE site of c-jun promoter in vascular endothelial cells.

Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), a polar phospholipid increased in atherogenic lipoproteins and atherosclerotic lesions, has been shown to induce transcription of a variety of endothelial genes relevant to atherogenesis. Lyso-PC has been shown to activate c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) and thereby stimulate transcription of the c-jun gene. Here we provide evidence that lyso-PC can phosphorylate cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and thereby activate the jun2 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate response element (jun2TRE) site of the c-jun promoter, which appears to be the major molecular mechanism involved in lyso-PC-induced c-jun gene expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Transient transfection of BAEC with a 1.6-kbp c-jun promoter and luciferase reporter fusion gene resulted in a 12.9-fold increase in luciferase activity by lyso-PC treatment. Serial deletion mutation in c-jun promoter and luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that the 5' promoter region between nucleotide numbers -268 and -127, which contains a jun2TRE binding sequence, was most crucial for lyso-PC-induced transcription. The 5' promoter region between -76 and -27, which contains an AP-1 site, also affected lyso-PC-induced transcription of the c-jun gene. Point mutation in the jun2TRE site reduced lyso-PC-induced transcription of the c-jun promoter-luciferase fusion gene by a 70.3% decrease in c-jun promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed increased binding of (32)P-labeled oligonucleotides with jun2TRE in nuclear extracts isolated from lyso-PC-treated BAEC, which was abolished or supershifted by anti-CREB antibody. Immunoblotting with anti-phosphorylated CREB antibody showed rapid phosphorylation of this protein after lyso-PC treatment. These results indicate that lyso-PC phosphorylates CREB, which was then bound to the jun2TRE site of the c-jun promoter and activated transcription. Activation of jun2TRE may play a key role in the transcriptional activation of c-jun as well as other endothelial genes depending upon these transcription factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

T helper cell type 2 cytokine-mediated comitogenic responses and CCR3 expression during differentiation of human mast cells in vitro.

Mast cells (MCs) arise in situ from circulating stem cell factor (SCF)-dependent committed progenitors (PrMCs) and accumulate at sites of allergic mucosal inflammation. We hypothesized that human (h)PrMCs and their mature counterparts might share overlapping patterns of chemokine and cytokine receptor utilization with eosinophils, basophils, and T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes for their homing and allergy-associated hyperplasia. We have characterized committed hPrMCs and fully mature hMCs derived in vitro from cord blood for their functional responses to chemokine and cytokine agonists germane to allergic inflammation and for their maturation-related expression of the corresponding receptors. After 4 wk of culture in the presence of recombinant stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, the cells were characterized as hPrMCs based upon their uniform surface expression of c-kit and CD13, low-level expression of FcinRIalpha, absence of CD14 and CD16 expression, and immunoreactivity for MC chymase in >80%, and about half were immunoreactive for tryptase and metachromatic with toluidine blue. By week 9, the cells had matured into hMCs, identified by higher levels of c-kit, continued expression of CD13 and low-level FcinRIalpha, uniform toluidine blue metachromasia, and uniform immunoreactivity for both tryptase and chymase. The 4-wk-old hPrMCs expressed four chemokine receptors (CXCR2, CCR3, CXCR4, and CCR5). Each receptor mediated transient rapid calcium fluxes in response to its respective ligand. Both recombinant human eotaxin and stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha elicited chemotaxis of hPrMCs. Only CCR3 was retained on the mature 9-wk-old hMCs from among these chemokine receptors, and hMCs responded to eotaxin with a sustained calcium flux but without chemotaxis. The Th2 cytokines IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor each augmented the SCF-dependent proliferation of hPrMCs and hMCs. In contrast, the prototypical Th1 cytokine, interferon gamma, suppressed SCF-driven proliferation of both hPrMCs and hMCs. Thus, throughout their development in vitro, hMCs obey SCF-dependent, cytokine-driven mitogenic responses that reflect a Th2-type polarization characteristic of allergy and asthma. Furthermore, committed hPrMCs have a unique profile of chemokine receptor expression from among reported hematopoietic cells, including CCR3, which is shared with the other cells central to allergic inflammation (eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 lymphocytes).

Cell Differentiation↗