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Biomedical subjects

H O Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to H O Goodman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Automated analysis for taurine in biological fluids and tissues.

We have developed an automated method of analysis for taurine, based on incorporating an ion-exchange chromatography column into the continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer (Technicon). After removal of proteins and peptides by dialysis, taurine is selectively eluted from an ion-exchange column and reacted with o-phthaldialdehyde to yield a fluorescent compound. The advantages of this method are: full automation with no need for sample deproteinization or cleanup; sensitivity, detecting as little as 5 mumol/L; speed (20 samples per hour); and flexibility. It can be used for assaying taurine in urine, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue homogenates. This method can be adapted for assays of other metabolites.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Familial brain tumors: studies of two families and review of recent literature.

We studied two families in each of which three or more individuals were affected by brain tumors. In the first family, which had no evidence of neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis, a man, his sister, and her son developed histologically proven gliomas; the man's great uncle was historically reported to have died from a brain tumor, but the exact nature of the tumor was not known. In this family two of the tumors were low grade astrocytomas of the cerebrum, whereas the third was a mixed glioma of the cerebellum. Karyotypic analysis of this tumor showed no marker chromosomes. A second family had a history of an unusual concentration of brain tumors. In one patient the tumor was a histologically verified glioma. Four other patients had historically reported brain tumors, the descriptions of which suggested gliomas. Both families showed involvement of individuals in adjacent generations, although in both instances there were skipped generations. Twins, siblings, or parents and children are the kindred groups affected in most other reported families with multiple brain tumors. The mode of inheritance of brain tumors in these two families and recent literature on the conditions associated with familial brain tumors are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Parental origin of chromosomes in Down's syndrome.

The number of 21 chromosomes of 15 individuals with Down's syndrome and their parents were examined in an attempt to determine the parental origin of the extra number 21 chromosome and the stage of meiosis at which nondisjunction occurred. Chromosomes were stained with quinacrine hydrochloride and photographed; serial prints were made ranging from underexposed to overexposed. Twelve of the 15 families (80%) were informative: nondisjunction occurred in maternal meiosis I in eight (66.7%) families, in paternal meiosis I in two (16.7%) families, and in paternal meiosis II in two (16.7%) families. The production of serial exposures of chromosomes at the time of printing proved to be a valuable method of enhancing slight differences in short arm and satellite structure of the number 21 chromosomes and thereby increasing the number of informative families.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1980

Taurine transport in epilepsy.

Previous studies of plasma taurine concentrations in epileptics have yielded equivocal results. We measured plasma and urinary taurine in 41 epileptic and 68 control subjects and found plasma concentrations among epileptics to be comparable in general to those of controls, but that two or three classes of plasma taurine concentrations, possibly genetically regulated, occur in both epileptic and control subjects. Our previous studies and data from the present study on taurine excretion revealed three excretion classes under genetic control. The principal finding is that epileptics include disproportionate numbers of low excretors (high reabsorbers), who are presumptive homozygotes for the allele effecting higher reabsorption. If confirmed, these findings suggest that the transport of taurine, rather than absolute taurine concentration, may explain the efficacy of taurine administration in some epileptics but not in others. The locus involved may be one component in the polygenic diathesis to the idiopathic epilepsies.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Potential sources of errors in cation-exchange chromatographic measurement of plasma taurine.

We examined the potential sources of error in automated cation-exchange chromatographic quantitation of plasma taurine, both in sample preparation and in the analysis. Principal sources of error include: use of serum instead of plasma, which produces gross overestimates; use of tripotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) as anticoagulant in systems involving ninhydrin detection (a ninhydrin-positive contaminant of EDTA emerges coincident with taurine); contamination with platelets; and placing volumes exceeding 20 microL on the cartridge used in the Technicon TSM Amino Acid Analyzer. We arrived at a simple technique in which we use EDTA as anticoagulant, micropore filtration to produce platelet-free plasma, and o-phthalaldehyde as the detection reagent for the sensitivity required to measure accurately the low concentration of taurine in plasma.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1979

Heterozygous cystinuria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Many variables are known to be associated with the formation of calcium oxalate urolithiasis but none is essential for the initiation or growth of stones. It is likely that the predisposition to stone formation is related to multiple factors. We herein describe still another metabolic state that seems to predispose to calcium oxalate stone disease, namely heterozygosity for cystinuria. Cystine screening tests were done on 24-hour urine specimens obtained from 126 patients in whom recurrent calcium oxalate stones form and 84 controls and quantitative amino acid determinations were done on all positive specimens. Of those studied 17 of 126 stone patients and 1 of 84 controls were heterozygous cystinurics. A test of the differences between the relative frequencies of cystinuria heterozygotes in the 2 groups with Fisher's exact test revealed them to be highly significant (p less than 0.001). Our study indicates that carrier status for 1 of the cystinuria genes predisposes to calcium oxalate stone formation but, like other factors related to urolithiasis, it is not a necessary cause of stone disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonography preceding diagnostic amniocentesis and its effect on amniotic fluid cell growth.

Experience with 107 consecutive patients with and without ultrasonography preceding diagnostic amniocentesis is presented. Cell cultures and alpha-fetoprotein levels were obtained on all specimens. Adequate cell growth was found in both groups. The frequency of bloody taps was reduced from 15 to 6.9% and of repeat taps from 6.3 to 0%. Possible complications of amniocentesis which might be avoided by prior ultrasonography are discussed. The use of gray scale or real time ultrasonography prior to diagnostic amniocentesis is stressed.

Adult↗