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Biomedical subjects

H Noto

Publications and source records attributed to H Noto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Exclusive association of paraoxonase 1 with high-density lipoprotein particles in apolipoprotein A-I deficiency.

Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated protein which removes peroxidized lipids from lipoproteins. It has been proposed that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is an important determinant for its stabilization on HDL. However, little is known about its existence and activity in an apoA-I-deficient state in humans. To characterize the nature of PON1 in apoA-I deficiency, we investigated PON1 in an apoA-I-deficient patient. When serum was analyzed on fast protein liquid chromatography, PON1 protein was distributed almost exclusively on HDL despite the absence of apoA-I; on the other hand, 38.5% of PON1 protein was found in the lipoprotein-free fraction when the lipoproteins were fractionated through ultracentrifugation. The stability of PON1 activity in the patient serum was almost the same as in the normal control sera throughout incubation at 14 degrees C for 7 days. However, when the sera were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h, its activity declined more than those in the normal controls (19% versus 4% reduction of the initial values). Our results demonstrated that PON1 protein possesses a preferential association with HDL even in the absence of apoA-I, although apoA-I is a crucial factor for the maximal activity and stabilization of PON1.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Genetic analysis of phytosterolaemia.

Two women with multiple xanthomas, intermittent arthritis and thrombocytopenia were diagnosed as phytosterolaemia, an autosomal-recessive lipid storage disease, based on their increased serum concentrations of beta-sitosterol, campesterol and sitostanol. The gene responsible for this disease is located within a distance of 18 cM between microsatellite markers of D2S 1788 and D2S1352 at chromosome 2p21. We genotyped the patients and their family members with 16 microsatellite markers around this locus. The results from the homozygosity mapping of one family suggested that the gene was located within the distance of 12.6 cM between D2S2328 and D2S1352. We have shortened the genetic distance by 5.4 cM.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of KMD-3213, an alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, on the prostatic urethral pressure and blood pressure in male decerebrate dogs.

BACKGROUND: KMD-3213 is an alpha1A-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist currently being developed for the treatment of urinary outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the present study, the uroselectivity of KMD-3213 was evaluated and compared with that of prazosin and tamsulosin in a decerebrate dog model. METHODS: Intercollicular decerebration was carried out in male mongrel dogs under anesthesia. The inhibitory effects of intravenously and intraduodenally administered compounds on the increase in intraurethral pressure (IUP) induced by electrical stimulation of the hypogastric nerve were estimated. Systemic blood pressure was measured simultaneously. RESULTS: The alpha1-antagonists tested produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the induced IUP response and decreased mean blood pressure (MBP). The ID50 of KMD-3213, tamsulosin and prazosin for IUP (dose required to inhibit the increase in IUP by 50%) was 3.15, 1.73 and 11.8 microg/kg i.v., respectively, and the ED20 for the hypotensive effect (dose required to reduce MBP by 20%) was 8.03, 0.59 and 2.46 microg/kg i.v., respectively. The data indicate that uroselectivity (ED20/ID50) of KMD-3213 is 12- and 7.5-fold higher than that of prazosin and tamsulosin, respectively. When the drugs were administered intraduodenally, KMD-3213 was sufficiently absorbed from the digestive tract and continued to demonstrate at least 3.8-fold higher uroselectivity than tamsulosin. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, KMD-3213 appears to be an effective orally active compound for decreasing urethral resistance during micturition that does not induce any negative cardiovascular effects in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2001

Spontaneous recovery from hypopituitarism in a man with lymphocytic hypophysitis: a case report.

A 50-year-old man presented with hypopituitarism and a pituitary lesion on magnetic resonance imaging scan. He was diagnosed as having lymphocytic hypophysitis, and replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and thyroxine was started. He regained normal pituitary function after 10 months. Reports of spontaneous recovery from lymphocytic hypophysitis in men are rare. While the natural history of lymphocytic hypophysitis remains elusive and its management is not well established, our report shows that spontaneous resolution may occur with steroid supplementation even in men.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2000

Hyperthyroidism presenting as dysphagia.

A 65-year-old man presented with hyperthyroidism associated with thyrotoxic dysphagia. Treatment with thiamazole improved his symptoms promptly. Although dysphagia is a rare manifestation of thyrotoxicosis, it should be emphasized that the possibility of hyperthyroidism must be discussed in unexplained dysphagia because it is readily treatable.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Hemoglobin SC disease presenting as acute chest syndrome with ventilation-perfusion mismatches.

Acute chest syndrome, characterized by fever, chest pain and pulmonary infiltrates, is a known complication of hemoglobin SC disease. A 41-year-old African male with previously unknown hemoglobinopathy developed an acute episode of fever, chest pain and dyspnea right after surgery for retinal detachment. The patient was suspected of having pulmonary thromboembolism. This was further suggested by a 'high probability' ventilation-perfusion scan. However, a pulmonary angiogram revealed no evidence of thromboembolism. Subsequently, the patient was recognized to have hemoglobin SC disease, with the acute chest syndrome. After appropriate treatment with antibiotics, hydration and exchange transfusion, the patient underwent another surgery without complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Tricuspid valve replacement in a patient with idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation].

Tricuspid regurgitation is often seen but is rarely categorized as "idiopathic". A 66-year-old man suspected of idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation underwent tricuspid valve replacement. With right heart failure over twenty years, his CTR increased to eighty six (86) per cent. During operation, no abnormal findings were observed except for the dilated tricuspid valve ring. Then a stented porcine xenograft (Carpentier-Edwards 33 mm) was inserted in the tricuspid valve annulus. Seven years after replacement, he died. Autopsy demonstrated myocardial hypertrophy of the right ventricle and dilatation of the right heart, supporting the diagnosis of idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A new method for right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy via the femoral veins: a novel approach employing a right ventriculography catheter (Nishiya type).

We have devised a new method for right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, in which the use of a right ventriculography catheter (Nishiya Type) allows us to ensure the introduction of a guiding sheath (Cordis, right-angled long sheath) to the apical portion of the right ventricle by way of the femoral vein. With this method, we have biopsied the endomyocardium in 52 patients during the last 4 years. In each case, it only took us several minutes to complete the biopsy procedure. Neither failed applications nor significant complications were seen. We believe that this technique provides a clinically beneficial means as it enables us to readily and safely achieve right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of high concentrations of bile acids on cultured hepatocytes.

High concentrations of bile acids have been reported as injurious to hepatocytes. We report the influence of various combinations of bile acids on the liver-specific function of cultured rat hepatocytes. Using 4 bile acids (glycocholate [GC], taurocholate [TC], glycohenodeoxycholate [GCDC], and taurochenodeoxycholate [TCDC]), we obtained 6 bile-acid mixtures, each containing equal amounts of 2 bile acids (total bile acids [TBA], 2 mM). Changes in gluconeogenesis, ureagenesis, DNA contents, medium alanine aminotransferase, and morphologies were compared among the paired bile acid compositions by measuring the C/CDC ratio ([GC + TC]/[GCDC + TCDC]) of each. In terms of their relative impairments of ureagenesis from greatest to least, the acids were GCDC, TCDC, and GC, which was almost the same as TC. When the C/CDC ratio was 0, the values of all parameters measured deteriorated. When the C/CDC ratio was 1 in the presence of 1 mM GCDC, only the rate of ureagenesis was diminished. When the C/CDC ratio was infinite, no hepatocellular injury was observed. GCDC and TCDC, together or separately, showed significant hepatocellular injury when the TBA concentration was 2 mM.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1998

[A case of mediastinal teratoma discovered availing of pneumonia].

A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with hemosputum and an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Although her hemosputum disappeared after the treatment of pneumonia, the abnormal shadow was not improved. Chest CT showed a mediastinal mass. She underwent thoracotomy and the tumor, measuring 6 x 5 x 5 cm in size, was resected. Pathological diagnosis was a mature type teratoma with direct invasion to the lung. We have to take mediastinal teratoma into consideration as one of the causes of pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Survival and prognosis after pneumonectomy for lung cancer in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: The number of elderly patients with lung cancer is increasing. This study was undertaken to assess the validity of pneumonectomy for the treatment of lung cancer in this patient group. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients 70 years old or older (elderly group) and 95 patients younger than 70 years (younger group) who underwent pneumonectomy between January 1985 and March 1996 formed the study group. In the elderly group, 22 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 2 had adenocarcinoma and 3, small cell carcinoma; 1 patient was in postoperative stage I, 4 patients were in stage II, 14 in stage IIIA, 5 in stage IIIB, and 3 in stage IV of the disease. The only significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups were the percentage of patients undergoing right pneumonectomy and the percentage of patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 3 months before or after operation or both times. RESULTS: The prognosis for the elderly group was comparable to that of the younger group for all stages of the disease; the overall 5-year survival rate was 30.5% for the younger group and 11.5% for the elderly group. However, operation-associated mortality was significantly higher in the elderly group (22.2% versus 3.2%; p < 0.005). The prognosis was better for patients with a centrally located tumor than a peripheral tumor in both groups [13.5% versus 2.0% in the elderly group and 46.7% versus 5.2% (p < 0.01) in the younger group] and significantly better for patients having a left pneumonectomy than a right pneumonectomy in the younger group (46.7% versus 5.2%; p < 0.01) but not in the elderly group (13.7% versus 22.2%). Adjuvant treatment did not have any beneficial effect on the prognosis in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonectomy for lung cancer in elderly patients appears to be justified because the outcome in our study was comparable with that for the younger patients. However, it should be performed only in carefully selected patients because of the increased operative risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes derived from bone marrow mononuclear cells of multiple myeloma patients recognize an underglycosylated form of MUC1 mucin.

MUC1 is a highly immunogenic epithelial mucin and serves as a tumor-associated antigen in breast, pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas. We previously reported the expression of MUC1 on myeloma cells and the establishment of an HLA-unrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line TN that recognized MUC1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a multiple myeloma patient. In this study, we attempted to induce such CTL from six other multiple myeloma patients consecutively in order to show that the induction of the CTL line TN had not resulted from some idiosyncrasy of the first patient. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were used to induce CTL, because they contain myeloma cells that might stimulate the autologous lymphocytes. Bulk CTL lines were induced from two out of six patients. The CTL line TS was CD8+ cell dominant and KY was CD4+ cell dominant. Both CTL lines lysed MUC1+ myeloma and breast carcinoma cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the CTL lines was inhibited by anti-CD3, anti-alpha beta TCR and anti-MUC1 mAb. It was also inhibited by a MUC1 transfectant, but not by a mock transfectant in cold target inhibition assays. MUC1 was transfected into a human colonic carcinoma cell line. The reactivity of anti-MUC1 core protein mAb and the cytotoxicity of the CTL against the transfectant was enhanced by the treatment of the cells with an O-glycosylation inhibitor. Thus it is generally accepted that the HLA-unrestricted CTL which directly recognize the underglycosylated from of MUC1 using their TCR could be induced from a certain proportion (approximately 30%) of untreated multiple myeloma patients.

Antibodies, Blocking↗
PubMed1997

Results of pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.

To assess the role of pneumonectomy for lung cancer and the factors affecting the prognosis, 107 patients who had undergone pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between January, 1985 and March, 1996, were analyzed. They included 81 squamous cell carcinoma, 22 adenocarcinoma, 3 large cell carcinoma, and one adenosquamous cell carcinoma, with 8 patients in post-operative stage I, 15 in stage II, 51 in stage IIIA, and 33 in stage IIIB of the disease. The 5-year survival rate was 54.7% in stages I + II, 38.0% in stage IIIA, and <4% in stage IIIB. In stages I-IIIA, the patients with squamous cell carcinoma showed a significantly better prognosis than those with adenocarcinoma (50.6 vs. 0%, p < 0.01). The prognosis was also better, but not statistically significant, for patients with central type compared with those with peripheral type in both all histologic types (58.0 vs. 8.4%) and only squamous cell type (59.3 vs. 18.8%). A better prognosis observed in squamous histologic type or central type seemed to be related to a better N factor. Pneumonectomy remains the treatment of choice for lung cancer, but seems not to be justified for patients with stage IIIB due to their poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[A case of anastomotic aneurysm-enteric fistula].

We successfully performed circulation reconstructive surgery and repair of a small intestine resection, primarily at an anatomical position, for perforation of a pseudoaneurysm in the small intestine, which occurred in an anastomosis site of the right leg of a Y graft of an artificial blood vessel and internal iliac artery graft on a patient, at the remote time of 18 years after she had received a Y-type artificial blood vessel. The patient's life was saved. The results suggest that it is important to make a definitive diagnosis quickly after the occurrence of symptoms and to select an appropriate surgical technique according to the findings of infection adjacent to the perforation site.

Aged↗