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Biomedical subjects

H Nonaka

Publications and source records attributed to H Nonaka.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Leukemic blast cell colony formation in semisolid culture with erythropoietin: a case report of acute poorly differentiated erythroid leukemia.

The bone marrow of a patient with acute undifferentiated leukemia developed unique colonies after a 14-day culture in erythropoietin (EPO)-containing methylcellulose. The colonies consisted of 20 to 200 nonhemoglobinized large blast cells. Cytogenetic analysis of single colonies revealed hypotetraploid karyotypes with several marker chromosomes that were identical to those found in directly sampled bone marrow. The concurrently formed erythroid bursts showed only normal karyotypes. No leukemic colony formation was observed in other culture systems with either colony-stimulating activity (CSA) or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). The leukemic colonies exhibited a complete EPO-dose dependency similar to that of the patient's normal BFU-E. Although cytochemical and immunologic marker studies of the bone marrow cells failed to clarify the cell lineage of the leukemic cells with extraordinarily large cell size, ultrastructural study revealed erythroid differentiation such as siderosome formation in the cytoplasm and ferritin particles in the rhophecytosis invaginations. These findings indicate that the patient had poorly differentiated erythroid leukemia and that some of the clonogenic cells might respond to EPO in vitro. Corresponding to this biological feature, the leukemic cells were markedly decreased in number in response to repeated RBC transfusions, and partial remission was obtained. These observations suggest that erythroid leukemia distinct from erythroleukemia (M6) with a myeloblastic component, can develop as a minor entity of human acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic significance of the morphological dysplastic changes in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Various morphological dysplastic changes were observed in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, especially in the acute crisis. To clarify their significance, we divided 45 patients in the acute crisis into two groups by our scoring system, the dysplastic group and the non-dysplastic group. Five of 25 subjects in the non-dysplastic group entered complete remission. None of 20 subjects in the dysplastic group did so, and the mean survival after the onset of acute crisis is significantly shorter in the dysplastic group than in the non-dysplastic group. Some patients in the dysplastic group had obvious dysplastic changes several months before the acute crisis. These findings suggest that acute crises in some cases may occur with or be preceded by the development of dysplastic clones similar to myelodysplastic syndrome; these patients respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dual expression of lymphoid/basophil markers on single blast cells transformed from chronic myeloid leukemia.

A 27-yr-old man developed blastic crisis after the chronic phase of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The blast cells expressed terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)+/common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)+ phenotypes, corresponding to common ALL type. A vincristine plus prednisolone regimen initially suppressed the blastic proliferation, but the blasts soon reappeared as lymphoblasts, and 65% of them possessed basophil-like granules. Immunologic markers were not altered. The blasts were negative for myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B and periodic acid-Schiff reactions, but were positive for toluidine blue (TB) stain and supravital peroxidase (PO) stain using diaminobenzidine (DAB). These blasts were considered to have immature basophil granules. The supravital staining, for TB or PO in combination with fluorescinated-CALLA staining, directly revealed that single blasts expressed both basophil and lymphoid markers. This biphenotypic blast population was found to be a distinct clone from the initial crisis clone by cytogenetic examination. These findings suggest that the CML clone is derived from a multipotent stem cell common to lymphoid and myeloid lineages, or that dual markers may be expressed on transformed lymphoid or basophil clone as the result of differentiation infidelity probably determined by the genetic derangement in acute crisis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A study on the microvasculature of the cerebral cortex. Fundamental architecture and its senile change in the frontal cortex.

The arterial architecture of the cerebral cortex and its changes along with aging were studied by microangiography, vascular staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The arteries distributed in the cerebral cortex and medulla were classified into cortical, subcortical, and medullary arteries. The cortical arteries were further classified into superficial, middle, and deep cortical branches according to the site of their termination. There were many fountain-like rami in the middle and deep cortical branches. These fountain-like rami were composed of several to many fine arteries, ramified from a small artery by repeated bifurcation within a short segment of its course. This structural pattern is probably responsible for the ease with which pronounced ischemic state may develop in their territories nourished by these branches, and they may play a significant role in the development of pseudolaminar necrosis of the cerebral cortex. Intertwining of small branches forming rope-like structures was observed with increasing frequency with age, suggesting that this phenomenon correlates with aging or is associated with brain atrophy. The intertwining was always clockwise when looking from the proximal side of the arteries towards their distal end. While the precise mechanism of the development of the intertwining remains unclear, torsion of the trunk of the blood vessels is thought to be the cause of the intertwining of the peripheral branches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and its familial clustering.

The yearly incidence of ATLL in the Uwajima district is 6.6 patients per 100,000 inhabitants aged over 40. The yearly morbidity rate from ATLL of persons in this district who are positive for HTLV-antibody and older than 40 is 1 patient per 1,631. Familial occurrence was observed in 9/38 families available for pedigree analyses. Even in the endemic area, the existence of positive HTLV antibody is remarkably high in ATLL families, suggesting that HTLV has been transmitted from generation to generation mainly within these particular families.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Significance of preoperative use of ultrasonography in parathyroid neoplasms: comparison of sonographic textures with histologic findings.

The sonographic textures of 10 parathyroid tumors in nine patients were examined and compared with their histologic features, particularly with the amount of fibrous trabeculae. The carcinomas containing a large amount of fibrous trabeculae, which is the most frequent finding in parathyroid cancer, were very echogenic. On the other hand, the adenomas without fibrous trabeculae showed a low echogenicity. These data suggest that the possibility of malignancy is high when the parathyroid tumor is found to be very echogenic.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

CFU-C abnormalities and cytochemical defects in bone marrow of adult patients during remission of acute leukemia.

Twenty-three adult patients in complete remission (CR) from acute leukemia were investigated for the steady-state bone marrow (BM) CFU-C concentration and the cytochemical findings of neutrophils and monocytes. There was considerable variation in CFU-C concentrations among patients. Patients with abnormality high or low values tended to relapse earlier. Repeated assays revealed constant CFU-C values in individual long-term cases of remission (4 cases). One case of M4 (myelomonocytic) and the case of M5b (monocytic) leukemia revealed a complete lack of nonspecific esterase activity in CR monocytes as well as initial leukemic promonocytes; they also showed abnormally high or low concentrations of CFU-C and relapsed early. This finding suggests that hematopoiesis in CR bone marrow occurs from abnormal stem cells common to initial, acute leukemic clones in such cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

A comparative study of immunological and cytochemical profiles between adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs): heterogeneity in adult common ALL.

To investigate the biological differences between adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), leukemic blasts from 33 patients with ALL (22 adults and 11 children) and from 11 patients in the lymphoid crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were studied using cytochemical and immunological markers and also by the outcome of their treatment. The cytochemical studies showed that blasts from seven of the adult ALL patients were dense-granular-positive (DG-positive) for beta-glucuronidase, whereas the blasts from the children were negative except for one (with T-ALL). In the adults with common ALL (cALL), survival of patients DG-positive for this enzyme were significantly shorter than that of eight patients with a scattered granular pattern (p less than 0.05). The mean ratio between the percentage of blasts positive for cALL antigen (cALLA) to that of blasts positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in the adult group with cALL (0.6 +/- 0.3) was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in the group of children with cALL (1.1 +/- 0.2) or in the lymphoid-crisis group (1.5 +/- 1.0). These findings indicate that adult cALL consists of two distinct subpopulations, one with less differentiated phenotype (cALL-/TdT+) and the other with more (cALL+/TdT+). In contrast, the blast cells in childhood cALL and some patients in lymphoid crisis had a relatively homogeneous population with the latter phenotypes. The results suggest that the clonotypic cells in adult ALL, particularly in cALL, appear to be more immature than those in childhood ALL. The beta-glucuronidase patterns indicate a further heterogeneity in adult ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Accurate localization of insulinoma using percutaneous transhepatic portal venous sampling--usefulness of simultaneous measurement of plasma insulin and glucagon levels.

By means of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous sampling (PTVS), plasma insulin and glucagon levels were determined simultaneously at various sites of the hepatic portal venous system in two patients with insulinoma and four patients without. In the two cases of insulinoma, an obvious rise of insulin concentration was observed at the vicinity of the tumour, while glucagon levels were not elevated in the blood samples showing an insulin peak. In the remaining four cases without evidence of insulinoma, significant step-ups of plasma insulin occurred in the splenic vein as well, but were accompanied with concomitant elevation of plasma glucagon levels in the same blood samples. Thus, by measuring insulin alone, false positive data may frequently be obtained when PTVS is performed on patients with suspected insulinomas. The simultaneous measurement of insulin and glucagon might be helpful in avoiding such errors.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1985

Cytochemistry of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3): leukemic promyelocytes exhibit heterogeneous patterns in cellular differentiation.

Cytochemical investigation of leukemic promyelocytes from 25 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) disclosed two major cellular differentiation categories: (1) the pure neutrophilic (N) type (16 cases) with strong myeloperoxidase (MPO) and naphthol-ASD chloroacetate esterase (Es-chl), but lacking the monocytic enzyme NaF-sensitive alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (Es-b), and (2) the mixed neutrophilic/monocytoid (N/M) type (seven cases) with strong Es-b as well as strong MPO, all cases exhibiting Es-dual (Es-b + Es-chl) positive cells. Two more cases with unusual phenotypes were noted: one with intense lysozyme activity but without Es-b and the other with toluidine blue-methachromasia and negative MPO. Promyelocytes from the control group, consisting of nine cases of t(8;21) M2 AML and ten cases with normal bone marrow, lacked such cytochemical heterogeneity. HL-60, an M3 cell line that can be induced to differentiate toward monocytic lineage in vitro, was almost negative for Es-b in the uninduced condition. Cytogenetically, eight cases of N type and five of N/M type had the t(15;17) abnormality. Thus at least two differentiation patterns were observed in M3 leukemia with fidelity (N type) and infidelity (N/M type) for normal granulocytic differentiation. In this series, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical features (remission rate and survival) between the two types. Our study suggests that the development of M3 leukemia is not exclusively restricted to the neutrophilic pathway, but more heterogeneously related to myelomonocytic differentiation.

Adolescent↗