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Biomedical subjects

H Nogami

Publications and source records attributed to H Nogami.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Fine structural criteria of prolactin cells identified immunohistochemically in the male rat.

Immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) cells in the adult male rat pituitary were observed by light microscopy to be scattered throughout the gland without special localization but sometimes to form small clusters consisting of five to ten cells. The cells had oval, polygonal, and cuplike shapes. Using the "superimposition technique," the fine structural properties of the PRL cells were examined on ultrathin sections just adjacent to the thick plastic section for immunostaining. Four cell types were distinguished: (1) oval, polygonal, and elongate cells with only small spherical granules, 130-200 nm in diameter; (2) oval or polygonal cells with both medium-sized spherical granules (250-300 nm) and about same size of polymorphic granules; (3) polygonal cells containing only large polymorphic granules (300-700 nm in maximal diameter); (4) cup-shaped PRL cells with spherical and small polymorphic granules. Furthermore, the prolactin immunoreactivity of these cell types was confirmed by the electron immunohistochemistry. Type 1 cells resemble, in fine structure, Kurosumi-Oota LH-gonadotrophs, but the former are not stained with anti-rat LH beta serum, but with anit-rat PRL serum. Although the functional relationship between these four types of cells is still unclear, it is concluded that the polymorphic shape of the granules is not necessarily an absolute criterion for identification of the PRL cell in the male.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Fine structural criteria for pituitary thyrotrophs in immature and mature rats.

Fine structural criteria for identifying thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cells in immature and mature rats have been studied by a modified superimposition technique. On days 10 and 20, some small oval immature TSH cells are scattered individually throughout the glandular tissue with a peripheral immunoreactive rim resulting from the sparse distribution of minute secretory granules less than 50 nm in diameter. The immunostained stellate TSH cells are clustered and have secretory granules 50-100 nm in diameter at the cell margins. On day 60, a few small immature TSH cells still remain. Although a few polygonal TSH cells that may not fully mature accumulate secretory granules 100-150 nm in diameter at the cell margins, the majority of TSH cells take the form of large stellate cells filled with secretory granules with the corresponding diameter, and surround an acidophil. These stellate TSH cells are characterized by dense arrangement of parallel arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) or rER cisternae. The clustered or isolated elongate TSH cells are also observed to be vesiculated and to have numerous secretory granules 150-250 nm in diameter. In addition, large oval vesiculated TSH cells storing numerous secretory granules 150-250 nm in diameter appear sporadically in the gland, ultrastructurally resembling the gonadotrophs. It is concluded that the rat TSH cell is not a single type with a particular ultrastructure, but modifies its morphology according to its maturation or functional phase.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Effects of electric current on chondrogenesis in vitro.

The effect of direct electric current (5 muamp) on mesenchymal cell differentiation into cartilage was investigated in explants of fetal rat muscle and bone matrix gelatin. In this system, chondrogenesis in vitro corresponds in developmental potential to osteogenesis in vivo. Application of electric current inhibited differentiation of muscle derived mesenchymal cells, but enhanced proliferation of differentiated chondrocytes and formation of cartilage at the cathode region, and had no effect on mature hypertrophic chondrocytes. Application of electric current may be contraindicated in fracture at the very early stage of fracture treatment and effective at the cathode region only for preexisting and proliferating cells. Electric current also may not be effective for mature cells having no potential for proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Familial arthrogryposis with distal involvement of the limbs.

Five cases of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in two families characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, intrafamilial variability and primary involvement of the distal part of the limbs were analyzed to suggest that this condition is comparable to previously reported cases classified as distal arthrogryposis or digitotalar dysmorphism. These patients may represent a specific clinical entity. Heritable disorders should be distinguished from other forms of arthrogryposis for purposes of genetic counseling as well as therapeutic management.

Arthrogryposis↗
PubMed1981

Fine structural criteria for identifying rat corticotrophs.

The fine structural characteristics of normal rat corticotrophs stained with anti-porcine ACTH1-39 serum were studied. At the ultrastructure level immunoreactive corticotrophs appear to comprise four distinct cell types: (1) large stellate cells (Siperstein cells) containing granules (170-250 nm in diameter) arranged in a peripheral row and usually embracing an acidophil; (2) elongate spindle-shaped cells (Moriarty cells) in which the secretory granules (170-250 nm in diameter) are distributed in a row or in small clusters in the peripheral cytoplasm: (3) oval or polygonal cells filled only with small secretory granules (130-170 nm in diameter), resembling the "acidophil of small granules type" (Yoshimura et al. 1974); and (4) polygonal or stellate cells filled with secretory granules of varying diameters (180-300 nm in diameter) and occasionally embracing an acidophil. The first type is the most common, but the others are infrequent. It is concluded that the criteria of Siperstein and Miller (1970) do not necessarily include all categories of rat corticotrophs.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

A whole range of fine structural criteria for immunohistochemically identified LH cells in rats.

Pituitaries from normal, young and adult male rats were fixed either in sublimate-formalin or in glutaraldehyde-osmium. In adjacent Paraplast sections, almost all the gonadotrophs were immunostained with both LH and FSH antisera. The rat LH beta and FSH antisera used were shown to be highly specific by the absorption test and by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Thin and thick adjacent Epon sections were prepared for EM and immunohistochemical examination. Cells stained with the rat LH beta antiserum were identified by LM, and the observed in detail by EM. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the LH cells are arranged in a sequence of basophils, i.e., Types II/III, III, III/IV and IV: Type II/III basophils are elongate with a cytoplasmic process and less vesiculated. They have morphological features of Type II (classical thyrotrophs) and also of Type III basophils. Type III basophils are oval in shape and moderately vesiculated. Both Types II/III and III basophils can be divided into two classes of cell characterized mainly by the existence of only small secretory granules (150-220 nm in diameter) (Type A) or by the coexistence of small and large (350-500 nm) (Type B). Type III/IV basophils are cells intermediate between types III and IV basophils, and moderately vesiculated with an abundance of secretory granules (150-300 nm in diameter). Type IV basophils are large, spherical or oval cells whose RER cisternae are conspicuously dilated; they contain less numerous secretory granules (150-300 nm in diameter). It is concluded that LH cells are not a single cell type, but include a wide range of subtypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical study of the postnatal development of pituitary thyrotrophs in the rat, with special reference to cluster formation.

The postnatal development of rat pituitary thyrotrophs was investigated immunohistochemically on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 25. Fetal thyrotrophs are strongly immunoreactive. In the postnatal period, however, weakly immunoreactive thyrotrophs increase in number to constitute clusters on days 3--5. The numbers and dimensions of the clusters reach a maximum on day 10. Thereafter the clusters break down to give rise to single, scattered neogenic thyrotrophs. Thyrotrophs in clusters on day 10 were investigated by electron microscopy in adjacent sections. They can be characterized as an immature type of basophil, according to the classification of Yoshimura et al. (1977): 1) Type I basophils, which are irregularly shaped with elongate processes, and characterized by rows of secretory granules about 100 nm in diameter. 2) Type I/II basophils, i.e., forms intermediate between Types I and II, containing less numerous secretory granules about 100--150 nm in diameter. Type II basophils which correspond to the classical thyrotrophs are not fully developed on day 10. Thus, most thyrotrophs develop from the clusters in the neonatal period. Such neogenic thyrotrophs retain the immature characteristics of Type I and I/II cells and may develop into Type II cells during subsequent maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Familial tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome Type II.

Two cases, a father and daughter, with all the principal signs of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome Type II are described, although nine previously reported cases were all sporadic. It is suggested that these patients have a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It may be reasonable to assume that a patient with relatively mild mental retardation, such as the father in the present report, could marry and have off-spring. Generalized aminoaciduria was found in the affected daughter.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Cartilage of I-cell disease.

Biochemical analysis and morphologic observation of the iliac crest cartilage from 8-year-old girl with I-cell disease were performed. Instead of hypertrophic change of chondrocytes in the zone of cartilage-bone junction, there were small atrophic cells having many inclusion bodies accumulated with lamellar materials. Another characteristic finding in this zone was numerous cellular debris in the cartilage matrix. Significantly, a large amount of unsulfated chondroitin (21%) occurred in the cartilage with I-cell disease, and compensatory decrease of chondroitin 4-sulfate (14%) was observed. The percentage of chondroitin and chondroitin 4-sulfate on the control averaged 8.5 and 43%, respectively. The sedimentation profile of the proteoglycans closely resembled that of the normal cartilage.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1981

Abnormal overgrowth of chick embryos treated with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside at early stages of development.

The effect of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, on the growth of chick embryos was studied by injection of the single dose of 1.0 mg/egg into fertile eggs on day 3. Embryos examined on day 10 had systemic edema, and were increased not only in wet weight (142% of the non-treated embryos) but also in dry weight (125%). No skeletal malformations were observed in the treated embryos. The glycosaminoglycan content in the treated embryos began to increase 6 h after treatment and reached the maximum level (174% of the non-treated) after 3 days, while the DNA and protein content began to increase 12 h after treatment and reached the maximum level (about 140%) within 3 days, p-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-xyloside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside, and a mixture of p-nitrophenol and D-xylose produced neither the abnormal overgrowth nor the edematous change of chick embryos. When fertile eggs were treated with 1.0 mg/egg of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside on day 6, the increase in wet and dry weights was also observed in all surviving embryos. On the contrary, treatment on day 9 resulted in the slight reduction of embryonic growth in addition to the systemic edema. Both embryos treated on day 3 and on day 6 contained glycosaminoglycans rich in chondroitin 6-sulfate, whereas the embryos treated on day 9 contained glycosaminoglycans rich in undersulfated chondroitin sulfates. These findings seem to support the view that glycosaminoglycans play an important role in the regulation of embryonic growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Proteoglycans synthesized in calluses at various stages of fracture healing in rats.

The sequential cartilage and bone formation was observed in fracture calluses which were formed at fibula diaphysis of Sprague-Dawley rats. The proteoglycans synthesized in the calluses at different stages during fracture healing were labeled in vitro with [35S]sulfate and then analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A heavy proteoglycan, in which chondroitin 4-sulfate accounted for approx. 90% of total radioactivity, was predominantly synthesized in addition to light, dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycans in day-10 and day-20 calluses, when cartilaginous areas were predominant in these calluses. The synthesis of the heavy proteoglycan started around day 7, when chondrogenesis started locally in the callus, and ceased by day 30, when cartilage had been replaced by newly formed bone. The heavy proteoglycan had chemical and physical properties similar to those of the major proteoglycan synthesized by bone matrix-induced cartilages, but different from those of the major one synthesized by the epiphyseal cartilage of neonatal rats. These findings suggest that the sequential molecular transitions observed in fracture healing differ from those in the endochondral ossification of embryonic skeletal tissues but resemble those in bone matrix-induced bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prolactin immunoreactivity of acidophils of the small granule type.

The fine structure of some oval anterior pituitary cells of the adult male rats immunostained with an antiserum to rat prolactin was investigated electron microscopically on the adjacent thin sections. Their fine structural appearance is identical with that of acidophils of the small granule type (Yoshimura et al. 1974) resembling the Kurosumi-Oota LH gonadotrophs. The secretory granules of the oval cells are spherical in shape, ranging from 130 to 200 nm in diameter. Large polymorphic granules, which are generally believed to be characteristic of prolactin cells, are absent from their cytoplasm. It is concluded that the acidophil of the small granule type with a similar fine structure to the Kurosumi-Oota LH gonadotroph is a prolactin secreting cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Human cartilage proteoglycans isolated from normally ossifying and congenitally malformed leg bones.

Proteoglycans were extracted with 4 M guanidine HCl solution containing protease inhibitors from various zones of human epiphyseal cartilages of the normally ossifying fibula and cartilaginous rudiment of the tibia of a 12-month-old boy with congenital absence of the tibia, when the knee disarticulation was performed. All the proteoglycan preparations from the epiphyseal cartilages were separated with a sucrose density gradient centrifugation into two components: a heavy, major component and a light one. The molecular size and the proportion of isomeric chondroitin sulfates of polysaccharides of the heavy component differed from those of the light one. The relative amounts of isomeric chondroitin sulfates in the polysacharide moieties of the components also varied among these zones. The glycosaminoglycan content in the rudimentary tibia was equal to that of the epiphyseal cartilage of the fibula. However, proteoglycan preparations showed neither the normal sedimentation profile with two peaks nor the zonal differences as to the proportion of isomeric chondroitin sulfates. These results suggest that the alterations in proteoglycan metabolism might be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms producing the congenital limb defect.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1980

Experimental study on pathogenesis of polydactyly of the thumb.

The pathogenesis of polydactyly of the thumb was investigated by administration of single dose of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, 100 mg/kg) to pregnant SD rats on day 11. Marked growth discrepancy between ectoderm and mesoderm of the limb bud was observed both morphologically and biochemically 24 hours after treatment. The growth discrepancy was induced by interference with proliferation process of mesodermal cells. The different susceptibility of ectodermal cells and mesodermal cells to the teratogenic agent was found to depend on the stage difference of cellular differentiation of each tissue. Cephalocaudal asymmetry of the limb bud, as well as relative overgrowth of ectodermal tissue, was postulated to be the cause of protrusion of the preaxial border of the limb bud, which was an initial sign of extra first digit formation.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗