Contact dermatitis due to budesonide.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Administration, Topical↗
Biomedical subjects
H Noda
Publications and source records attributed to H Noda.
Saccadic burst neurons in the oculomotor region of the fastigial nucleus of macaque monkeys.
1. The discharge of 255 neurons in the fastigial nuclei of three trained macaque monkeys was investigated during visually guided saccades. Responses of these neurons were examined also during horizontal head rotation and during microstimulation of the oculomotor vermis (lobules VIc and VII). 2. One hundred and two units were characterized by bursts of firing in response to visually guided saccades. Ninety-eight of these (96.1%) were located within the anatomic confines of the fastigial oculomotor region (FOR), on the basis of reconstruction of recording sites. During contralateral saccades, these neurons showed bursts that preceded the onset of saccades (presaccadic burst), whereas, during ipsilateral saccades, they showed bursts associated with the end of saccades (late saccadic burst). They were hence named saccadic burst neurons. Sixty-one saccadic burst neurons (62.2%) were inhibited during microstimulation of the oculomotor vermis with currents less than 10 microA. 3. All saccadic burst neurons were spontaneously active, and the resting firing rate varied considerably among units, ranging from 10 to 50 imp/s. The tonic levels of activity did not correlate significantly with eye position. 4. The presaccadic burst started 18.5 +/- 4.7 (SD) ms (n = 45) before the onset of saccades in the optimal direction (the direction associated with the maximum values of burst lead time, number of spikes per burst, and burst duration). Optimal directions covered the entire contralateral hemifield, although there was a slightly higher incidence in both horizontal and upper-oblique directions in the present sample. The duration of the presaccadic burst was highly correlated with the duration of saccade (0.85 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.97). 5. The late saccadic burst was most robust in the direction opposite to the optimal in each unit (the nonoptimal direction). Its onset preceded the completion of ipsilateral saccade by 30.4 +/- 5.9 ms. The lead time to the end of saccade was consistent among different units and was constant also for saccades of various sizes. Thus the late saccadic burst started even before the saccade onset when the saccade duration was less than 30 ms. Unlike the presaccadic burst, its duration was not related to the duration of saccade. 6. Discharge rates of saccadic burst neurons were correlated neither to eye positions during fixation nor to the initial eye positions before saccades. 7. Eye-position units and horizontal head-velocity units were located rostral to the FOR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Action Potentials↗
Optical separation of racemic 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography using eluents containing beta-cyclodextrin.
Both S-(-)- and R-(+)-enantiomers of 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH), a main oxidative metabolite of the achiral antiepileptic drug phenytoin, could be determined simply, sensitively and accurately using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography by using a methanol-monopotassium phosphate eluent containing beta-cyclodextrin. Using this assay procedure, it was determined that an S-(-)-enantiomer was formed predominantly by the oxidation of phenytoin in isolated rat hepatocytes.
Animals↗
[Monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects of pentanthrene type heterocyclic compounds].
Pentanthrene type heterocyclic compounds, which contain oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole or pyrrole ring as C-ring, and naphthalene, quinoline, isoquinoline or quinoxaline ring as A.B-ring, were prepared, and their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities were examined. As expected from our previous investigation on the structure-activity relationship of this series, most of them showed strong inhibitory potency to both MAO-A and MAO-B. However, a few indicated highly selective inhibition for either of MAO subtypes.
Animals↗
Inhibitory effect of a biscoclaurine alkaloid, cepharanthin, on lung metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma.
The antimetastatic effect of cepharanthin with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was examined in an experimental model of lung metastasis induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) in C57BL/6crSlc mice. Injection of cepharanthin i.p. after removal of the implanted primary tumor inhibited the development of lung metastases. Combination therapy with cepharanthin plus 5-FU inhibited significantly the lung metastases. Lung metastases were inhibited by i.v. injection of peritoneal macrophages activated with cepharanthin. Cepharanthin depressed aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the concentration of 5-FU in the tissues (lung, liver, kidney, spleen and blood) was increased significantly by coadministration of cepharanthin. A possible mechanism of the inhibition of lung metastases by treatment with cepharanthin may be that this drug acts through macrophage activation and depression of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system. These findings raise the possibility that combination therapy with cepharanthin plus 5-FU may have clinical value in the prevention of cancer metastasis.
Alkaloids↗
Cerebellar control of saccadic eye movements: its neural mechanisms and pathways.
Microstimulation studies on monkeys have shown that the cerebellar cortex which is related to saccadic function is located in lobules VIc and VII of the vermis. This vermal area is designated as the oculomotor vermis and characterized by low thresholds (less than 10 microA) and by saccade-related neuronal activity. The saccade evoked by the vermal stimulation has been shown to be the result of activation of Purkinje-cell axons. On the other hand, an anterograde WGA-HRP transport study has indicated that the Purkinje-cell axons of the oculomotor vermis terminate almost exclusively in a fatigial region which is designated as the fastigial oculomotor region (FOR). Microstimulation of the oculomotor vermis and the ventromedial aspect of the FOR results in saccades which differ in their horizontal directions, with vermal stimulation resulting in ipsilateral and fastigial stimulation resulting in contralateral saccades. Since the ipsilateral saccades evoked from the caudal part of the FN were suppressed by bicuculline, they were the results of stimulation of the Purkinje axons. It has been also shown that stimulation of the oculomotor vermis causes inhibition of FOR neurons. Furthermore, fastigial neurons bursting with saccades can be recorded only within the anatomical confines of the FOR. These data are consistent with the concept that signals from the vermis are transmitted to the saccadic nuclei of the brainstem via the FOR. Neurons in the FOR have been shown to project to various saccade-related nuclei, including the riMLF and PPRF. Some neurons in the FOR have divergent axon collaterals which terminate in both the vertical and horizontal preoculomotor nuclei. When the initial eye position is changed by stimulating the FN prior to visually-guided saccades, monkeys cannot compensate for the stimulation-induced movement. When the stimulation is delived 75-130 ms after the target presentation, saccades are triggered prematurely. The visuomotor processing for saccades seems to be completed during this period, which is approximately half the latency of normal saccades. When saccades were triggered prematurely at an early stage of information processing, the eyes moved first in the direction of evoked saccade and then changed the direction toward the location of the target without any intervening period. The retinal error information sampled before the stimulation was not disturbed by the cerebellar stimulation. These observations suggest that cerebellar output impulses are projected downstream to saccade-programming circuits where visual information has already been converted into motor-command signals. The cerebellum is a domain for parallel processing of visuomotor information.
Animals↗
[Home therapy in cancer pain--from the viewpoint of the pain clinic].
Recently, the return to everyday life and a meaningful life are the most important goals in the management of cancer pain patients who have not undergone radical therapy. The aim is therefore betterment of QOL (quality of life) of the cancer pain patients who suffer from physical and mental pain, However, one can not expect much from any kind of therapy without adequate relief of physical cancer pain. Accordingly, pain relief methods in a pain clinic are also necessary for home therapy in cancer pain. We should like to show some cases treated in our pain clinic and emphasize the efficacy of our treatment for cancer pain.
Adult↗
[Human heart recovery during weaning from a left ventricular assist system: time course and outcome prediction].
To investigate the time course of recovery of a failing heart using the left ventricular assist system (LVAS) and to predict the outcome of weaning from the LVAS, 14 patients with a failing heart were studied. Among them, 5 had recovered and survived for more than 2 weeks after weaning from the LVAS (recovered group), while 9 could not be weaned or died within 2 weeks after weaning (unrecovered group). All patients were gradually weaned from the LVAS with adequate support for systemic circulation for 3 days. In the recovered group, indices of systolic time intervals (STIs) showed improvement within a week. However, improvement of STIs was slow reaching a plateau around the 10th day in the unrecovered group. On weaning from the LVAS, aortic systolic pressure and ejection time were regulated by the patients' own hearts and were nearly the same between the 2 groups. However, left atrial pressure was significantly higher in the unrecovered group than in the recovered group. These hemodynamic features were first present on the 7th day. Therefore, hemodynamic data on the 7th assistant day can be a reliable factor in predicting the possibility of successful weaning from the LVAS and recovery in patients with a failing heart.
Adult↗
[Centrifugal pump as right ventricular assist pump in the treatment of right ventricular failure following resection of left atrial myxoma].
A 31-year-old woman had a left atrial myxoma associated with severe pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure because of incarceration of the tumor to the mitral valve. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass because of right ventricular failure. A Biomedicus centrifugal pump was used as a right ventricular assist pump. The result was a successful termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. With the support of an intra-aortic balloon pump, the right ventricular assist pump was removed 38 hours after the operation, and the intra-aortic balloon pump was terminated 2 days later. The centrifugal pump is very useful at the majority of centers where the pneumatically activated bi-valved ventricular assist device is unavailable. The Biomedicus centrifugal pump can be easily applied for treatment of perioperative right ventricular failure and is very useful for short-term use without systemic anticoagulants.
Adult↗
Afferent and efferent connections of the oculomotor region of the fastigial nucleus in the macaque monkey.
Afferent and efferent connections of the fastigial oculomotor region (FOR) were studied in macaque monkeys by using axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). When injected HRP is confined to the FOR, retrogradely labeled cells appear in lobules VIc and VII of the ipsilateral vermis and in group b of the contralateral medial accessory olive (MAO). In reference to the maps of topographical organization, the extent of the effective site in the fastigial nucleus (FN) could be assessed from the distributions of labeled Purkinje cells (P cells) in the vermis and labeled olivary neurons in the MAO. In contrast to the unilateral nature of the P-cell and climbing-fiber projections, those from the other brainstem regions to the FOR were bilateral. Following the injection of HRP into the FOR, the largest number of retrogradely labeled cells appeared in the pontine nuclei. Although the number of labeled cells was greater on the contralateral side in both the peduncular and dorsomedial pontine nuclei (DMPN), the number of each side was virtually identical in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN). In the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), labeled cells were located only in its medial and dorsolateral portions bilaterally. In the vestibular complex, labeled cells appeared in the superior (SVN), medial (MVN), and inferior vestibular nuclei (IVN) bilaterally. The lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), including y group and the ventrolateral vestibular nucleus, were free of labeled cells. Labeled cells appeared also in the perihypoglossal nucleus (PHN) bilaterally. In the pontine raphe (PR) and paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), labeled cells appeared bilaterally in the caudal third of the area between the oculomotor and abducens nuclei. Labeled cells appeared also in the mesencephalic and medullary reticular formation. Tracing of anterogradely labeled axons demonstrated that most fibers from the FOR decussated within the cerebellum and entered the brainstem via the contralateral uncinate fasciculus. Some crossed fibers ascended with the contralateral brachium conjunctivum and terminated in the midbrain tegmentum. A small contingent of fibers advanced further to the thalamus. In the mesodiencephalic junction, labeled terminals were found contralaterally in the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) and a medial portion of FOrel's H Field. They appeared also in the central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the posterior commissure nucleus, and the superior colliculus. The oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, the red nucleus, and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal were free of labeled terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Afferent Pathways↗
Nucleotide sequence of rice dwarf virus (RDV) genome segment S3 coding for 114 K major core protein.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Direction-selective saccadic-burst neurons in the fastigial oculomotor region of the macaque.
Discharges of 68 neurons, recorded from the oculomotor region of the fastigial nucleus (FN) of the macaque, were characterized by a burst which started approximately 20 msec prior to the onset of a saccade in a direction contralateral to the recording site. These fastigial neurons also paused before saccades in their nonpreferred direction and then discharged with a subsequent burst. All units were spontaneously active but the tonic level of activity did not reflect eye position. They aggregated within the oculomotor region and the firing of 57 units (83.8%) was suppressed by stimulation of vermal lobule VII. Tonic discharges of six other units were closely related to eye position and located rostral to the burst units. Discharges of 16 units increased during the ipsilateral phase of sinusoidal head rotation and those of 50 units increased during contralateral head rotation. These neurons did not show saccade-related activity. They were widely scattered in the rostral and central portions of the FN. None of these units was inhibited by stimulation of vermal lobule VII.
Animals↗
Clinical trial of nicardipine cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery.
To clarify the effectiveness of nicardipine, one of the dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, for myocardial protection during cold potassium cardioplegic arrest in pediatric cardiac surgery, a clinical trial of nicardipine (0.25 mg/L) added to potassium cardioplegic solution was performed in children undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart diseases. Twenty patients were selected to receive nicardipine cardioplegia and 13 patients received a standard potassium cardioplegia, serving as a control group. Nicardipine cardioplegia provided better cardiac performance in the early postoperative period and reduced release of the MB isozyme of creatine kinase, as determined during a 48-hour postoperative period. These results suggest that nicardipine added to cold potassium cardioplegic solution offers additional protection for the myocardium during ischemia and postischemic reperfusion in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Blood Pressure↗
Cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the vermis of posterior lobe of the rat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of WGA-HRP.
Corticonuclear (CN) and nucleocortical (NC) projections of the cerebellum were studied in rats by using antero- and retrograde transport of wheatgerm agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Following minute injections of WGA-HRP in different folia for vermal lobules VI-VIII, a rostrocaudal topography was observed in the CN projection; lobules VIa and VIb, c projected to distinctly separate areas in the ipsilateral fastigial nucleus (FN): VIa projected to the ventral part of the medial subdivision of the FN (FNm), whereas VIb, c projected to the dorsocaudal part of the caudomedial subdivision of the FN (FNcm) and to the caudal FNm. The terminals from lobules VIb, c and VII occupied partially overlapping areas in the caudal part of the ipsilateral FNcm and FNm. A few terminal fibers were also seen in the dorsolateral protuberance of the FN (dlp). The fibers from vermal lobule VIII terminated in the ipsilateral rostral FNcm and in the FNm. The latter terminal area was divided into two parts: a smaller dorsal and a larger ventral part that in turn overlapped almost completely with the terminal area of fibers from lobule VIa. Retrogradely labeled fastigial neurons were found in the areas of the FN where Purkinje-cell (P-cell) axons from the respective injection sites terminated. In addition, retrogradely labeled fastigial neurons were scattered in areas outside the P-cell terminal fields on the injection side and in the contralateral FN.
Animals↗
Recovery of voluntary movement in hemiplegic patients. Correlation with degenerative shrinkage of the cerebral peduncles in CT images.
The severity of the disorder of voluntary movement in 89 chronic hemiparetic patients was correlated with the degenerative reduction of descending fibres evaluated by the magnitude of the shrinkage of the cerebral peduncles (CP) in computed tomographic (CT) images. The severity of hemiplegic posture and motor disturbance in the proximal and distal muscles was related to the total amount of residual descending fibres in the CP. In all patients whose CPs were less than 60% of the normal size, recovery from disturbance in reaching and grasping movements and impairment of relative independent finger movements was incomplete. Recovery of these movements occurred when more than 60% of the CP was spared and the degree of recovery from motor weakness was positively correlated with the quantity of intact fibres spared (residual CP ratio). The ability to perform fine and discrete movements with the fingers, known to be an essential function of the pyramidal system, was consistently impaired in patients with severe shrinkage involving the medial division of the CP. There was no particular correlation between the CP shrinkage and neurological signs such as spasticity, hyperreflexia, and pathological reflexes.
Adult↗
Nucleotide sequence of segment S9 of the genome of rice gall dwarf virus.
DNA complementary to the ninth largest (S9) of the 12 genome segments of rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) was cloned and its sequence was determined. It is 1202 nucleotides in length and contains one open reading frame which extends for 969 nucleotides from nucleotide 26. It encodes a polypeptide of 323 amino acids with an Mr of 35,560. The dinucleotide sequence at the 5' end and the trinucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the plus strand, 5' GG--GAU 3', which are present in the RNA of both wound tumour virus (WTV) and rice dwarf virus (RDV), were also found in RGDV genome segment S9. The nucleotide sequences in the noncoding region at the 5' terminus and in the 15 nucleotides at the 3' terminus, which form an imperfect inverted repeat of 10 bp together with the 5' terminus, are approximately 70% homologous with those of the WTV genome segment S9, but only 30% and 50% homologous with the respective termini of RDV S9.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A pediatric ventricular assist device: its development and experimental evaluation of hemodynamic effects on postoperative heart failure of congenital heart diseases.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a pediatric ventricular assist device (VAD), hemodynamic effects of the VAD were investigated experimentally in two types of postoperative profound heart failure models of congenital heart disease. In the model I Fontan or modified Fontan operation model, right ventricular pump function was excluded surgically and a shunt between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery was constructed in four dogs. With a VAD between the left atrium and the aorta, pressure gradient across the lung and the cardiac output increased. Right ventricular failure was induced surgically and high pulmonary vascular resistance was made by injection of glass beads in five dogs in model II. Cardiac output increased and the right atrial pressure decreased when a VAD between the right atrium and the pulmonary arterial trunk was activated. In conclusion, the VAD will become a promising modality to manage pediatric profound heart failure cases.
Animals↗
Effects of cardiac assist on the bulk and regional mechanics of the ischemic left ventricle in dogs.
Pneumatically driven left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were implanted between the left atria and the descending thoracic aortas of dogs and were counter-pulsated synchronously with the electrocardiogram at 1:1 and 2:1 duty ratios. Seven pairs of miniature sonomicrometers were implanted into the left ventricle (LV) to measure the LV muscular length and diameter. Ischemia was induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Bulk and regional mechanical work were calculated from these dimensions and the left ventricular pressure. LVAD reduced the bulk work in the ischemic and normal hearts not only in the 1:1, but also in the 2:1, pumping modes. The left ventricular bulk work measured under the pump-off condition decreased progressively until around 2 h after the LAD ligation, and thereafter, it became constant. The regional myocardial work in the normal area of the ischemic heart was significantly decreased by the LVAD pumping (by 55%), whereas that in the ischemic area remained at near zero level regardless of pumping or nonpumping. The results obtained indicated that LVAD is useful not only to rest the severely damaged natural heart, but also to maintain the viability of ischemic myocardium.
Animals↗