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Biomedical subjects

H Nishitani

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishitani.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis react with human cell T lymphotropic virus-I gag proteins but not env proteins--Western blotting analysis.

To study the possible involvement of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-related agent in Japanese multiple sclerosis (MS), we performed a Western blotting analysis, using purified viral antigens, on sera from 46 patients with MS, nine patients with other neurologic diseases, and 11 healthy controls. Of 46 MS patients, 11 (24%) had antibodies reactive with antigens corresponding to the group-specific antigen (gag) proteins (p15, p19, and p24), although the prevalence was lower than that reported in a recent study using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Despite the lower frequency of immunoreactivity, Western blotting technique had merits of identification of multiple antigens and higher specificity for detection of antibodies than ELISA. Those sero-positive patients consisted of four cases with IgG antibodies reactive mainly to the gag p24 and/or p15, four with IgM antibodies mainly to the gag p24 and/or p19, and three with both IgG and IgM antibodies. These immunostaining patterns of MS sera were clearly distinguishable from those of adult T cell leukemia patients who had antibodies to the envelope (env) proteins and its precursors in addition to the gag proteins. The antibody in MS sera was generally of low titer and reactive at a high serum concentration (1/10 dilution). None of the sera from patients with other neurologic diseases and healthy controls had the viral antibodies. These findings indicate that at least one quarter of Japanese MS patients have antibody responses to a hitherto unidentified agent related to HTLV-I, which possibly plays a part, primarily or secondarily, in the pathogenesis of those patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Role of nonspecific myelin destruction by delayed type hypersensitivity in primary demyelination.

To clarify the role of nonspecific myelin destruction mediated by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in primary demyelination, DTH to tuberculin was induced within the endoneurium by intraneural injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) or sonicated Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the sciatic nerves of Lewis rats and guinea pigs which had previously been sensitized to tuberculin. The morphological features of the nerves proximal to the site of needle insertion were assessed 5 days after injection. By changing the PPD concentration of solution for intraneural injection, various degrees of DTH reaction could be produced in the nerve. Infiltration of mononuclear cells including macrophages was observed around the vessels and in the vicinity of the myelin sheaths. Although nonspecific damage of axons, myelin sheaths and Schwann cells was observed in areas heavily infiltrated with inflammatory cells, primary demyelination was hardly recognized. Another group of Lewis rats previously immunized with galactocerebroside (GC), the major glycolipid hapten of myelin, in Freund's complete adjuvant received intraneural injection of PPD or GC liposomes. Neither cellular nor humoral immunity to GC was detected in these rats. The nerves injected with GC liposomes showed no inflammatory cell infiltration except for a few macrophages containing liposomes and those injected with PPD showed infiltration of mononuclear cells without primary demyelination. Our findings reveal that nonspecific myelin destruction induced by DTH does not play an important role in immune-mediated demyelination.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Zinc transport during hemodialysis.

Zinc transfer during hemodialysis and plasma zinc concentrations in hemodialysis patients were examined. Fifteen volunteer outpatients undergoing hemodialysis showed significant increases in plasma zinc from 74.0 +/- 7.8 to 88.1 +/- 9.7 micrograms/dl after a 5-h dialysis. The increase was mainly the result of hemoconcentration as evidenced by a significant increase in the hematocrit and total serum protein during dialysis, but was also due to diffusion. To study the changes resulting from diffusion, zinc was measured in the arterial blood and in the dialysate at the inflow and outflow sites of the dialyzer. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the plasma zinc of the arterial blood from 74.7 +/- 8.1 to 80.2 +/- 6.5 micrograms/dl, but a nonsignificant decrease in the dialysate zinc from 10.6 +/- 2.5 to 9.5 +/- 5.9 micrograms/dl. Zinc diffused across the dialyzer from the dialysate to the blood in 12 cases and into the dialysate in three others.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dual-energy projection radiography using condenser x-ray generator and digital radiography apparatus.

The authors describe a system for dual-energy projection radiography using a modified condenser-type x-ray generator and a digital radiography unit. High- and low-energy images are obtained within a practical exposure interval. This method provides better visualization of soft tissues that are otherwise obscured by skeletal structures and also allows better visualization of bone and calcifications (e.g., calcified nodules in the lung) without interference by overlying soft tissue.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin in sera and peritoneal dialysates in patients on chronic peritoneal ambulatory dialysis.

Losses in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in peritoneal dialysate and thyroid function were evaluated in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), in comparison to patients on hemodialysis (HD) without TBG loss in the dialysate. The TBG concentration in the peritoneal dialysate was 0.26 +/- 0.09 microgram/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 24), with a daily loss of 2.47 +/- 0.94 mg. The serum TBG level in CAPD patients was 21.0 +/- 4.71 micrograms/ml (n = 24), which was not significantly different from that in HD patients (20.0 +/- 5.72 micrograms/ml, n = 24) or in healthy Japanese subjects. The serum TBG level correlated positively with the TBG loss and TBG level in the peritoneal dialysate (p less than 0.001). The serum T4 level in CAPD patients (4.93 +/- 1.38 microgram/dl, n = 24) was significantly greater than in HD patients (4.08 +/- 1.30 microgram/dl, n = 24, p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Imaging diagnosis of hepatobiliary system and pancreas--computed tomography, ultrasound and angiography].

CT, US and angiography have become the most important examinations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Therefore updated and precise knowledge of these modalities are mandatory not only for the diagnosis but also for the interventional radiology in this field. General review on the advantages and limitations of these medical images are described.

Angiography↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural study of central nervous system demyelination in galactocerebroside sensitized rabbits.

The rabbit eye model was used to investigate the role of delayed type hypersensitivity and of circulating antigalactocerebroside antibody in primary demyelination. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin was induced within the retinal myelinated layers by injecting purified protein derivative into the vitreous of rabbits that were previously immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) alone, or galactocerebroside (GC) in CFA. The morphological features of the myelinated zones were assessed 5 days after injection. All rabbits showed infiltration of mononuclear cells within the myelinated fiber bundles. Rabbits previously sensitized with CFA alone showed nonspecific destruction of nerve fibers in severe inflammatory lesions, but primary demyelination was rarely found. This suggests that myelin destruction induced by delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to interstitial antigens (purified protein derivative, so-called "bystander demyelination") by itself does not play a major role in inducing primary demyelination. On the other hand, primary demyelination was recognized in the vicinity of infiltrating mononuclear cells in rabbits previously immunized with GC in CFA and had elevated titers of serum anti-GC antibody. The destruction of the blood-brain barrier was suggested by the presence of fibrin exudates in demyelinative lesions where observation revealed selective myelin breakdown such as vesicular disruption and active stripping of myelin. This study indicates that the anti-GC antibody is an important factor in central nervous system demyelination of GC-sensitized rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

"Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma" with bone demineralization.

Two patients with T-cell malignancy having radiographic manifestations of generalized and localized bone demineralization are reported. One, a 53-year-old man, had marked osteoporosis and severe hypercalcemia, but no clinical evidence of leukemia throughout his illness. At autopsy there was no definite evidence of bone involvement. Histologic proof was obtained from abdominal skin which revealed "adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)." The second case, a 33-year-old man, complained of arthralgia in his hands and feet; radiographs showed severe localized demineralization and pathologic fractures. Specimens of his peripheral blood, cervical lymph nodes, and bone marrow revealed ATLL cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between haemodialysis anaemia and copper and zinc.

In fifteen chronic haemodialysis patients, serum and corpuscular copper and zinc concentrations were examined before and after dialysis. Serum copper levels were normal before dialysis and elevated after dialysis. However, corpuscular copper levels were low before dialysis and did not change after dialysis. Serum zinc concentrations before dialysis were low and significantly increased after dialysis. Corpuscular zinc levels before dialysis were high, but were unchanged after dialysis. There was a good correlation between serum zinc levels and red blood cell counts (RBC) and the value of haemoglobin (Hb), whereas we found no significant correlation between levels of serum or corpuscular copper and zinc, and of RBC, Hb, haematocrit or serum iron.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Familial neuropathy with dementia, retinitis pigmentosa, and dysautonomia.

We studied a 59-year-old woman with dementia, retinitis pigmentosa, sensorimotor neuropathy, and attacks of vomiting associated with blood pressure lability and loss of consciousness. Abnormalities included CT evidence of cerebral atrophy, low IQ, slow central and peripheral nerve conduction velocities, axonal degeneration in sural nerve biopsy, and elevated levels of catecholamines and slow waves in EEG during attacks. Her sister, two brothers, and daughter also had progressive muscle weakness, visual disturbance, and similar vomiting attacks. The hereditary nervous system disorder does not fit any previously described condition.

Adult↗