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Biomedical subjects

H Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishio.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Right hepatic lobectomy for bile duct injury associated with major vascular occlusion after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

A 57-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for cholelithiasis. Continuous bile leak was observed beginning on the first postoperative day. Postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed bile leak through the common hepatic duct, and severe stenosis of the hepatic confluence. A total of three percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheters were inserted to treat obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. The patient was referred to our hospital for surgery 118 days after LC. Cholangiography through the PTBD catheters demonstrated a hilar biliary obstruction. Celiac arteriography revealed obstruction of the right hepatic artery, and transarterial portography showed occlusion of the right anterior portal branch. On the basis of the cholangiographic and angiographic findings, we performed a right hepatic lobectomy with hepaticojejunostomy to resolve the bile duct obstruction and address the problem of major vascular occlusion. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful and she remains well 25 months after hepatectomy. We discuss a treatment strategy for bile duct injury suspected after LC, involving early investigation of the biliary tree and prompt intervention.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical study of tyrosine phosphorylation signaling in Hassall's corpuscles of the human thymus.

Tyrosine phosphorylation signaling has been reported to play a key role in thymocyte development. However, the physiological role of signaling in thymus stroma is poorly understood, and there is lack of information on the in situ localization of elements of the signaling pathway in thymus stroma. In the present study, we have found by immunohistochemical analysis that tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are present in high amounts in Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus medulla. Hassall's corpuscles represent end stages of maturation of thymic medullary epithelium. We have also investigated the localization of the src family that is involved in tyrosine phosphorylation signaling in Hassall's corpuscles. A member of the src family protein tyrosine kinases, p59fyn, was shown to be abundantly expressed in the outer layer of Hassall's corpuscles. Another member of the family, p60c-src, was highly expressed in the entire Hassall's corpuscles. Furthermore, p50csk and p130cas, both of which are involved in the pathway, were shown to be preferably expressed in the outer layer of Hassall's corpuscles. These findings suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation signaling may play a role in thymic medullary epithelial maturation and that the src family is involved in the process.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Detection of mutations in the COL4A5 gene in over 90% of male patients with X-linked Alport's syndrome by RT-PCR and direct sequencing.

X-linked Alport's syndrome is caused by mutations in the COL4A5 gene encoding the type IV collagen alpha5 chain (alpha5[IV]). Polymerase chain reaction-single-str and conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) on genomic DNA has previously been used to screen for mutations in the COL4A5 gene, but this method was relatively insensitive, with mutations detected in less than 50% of patients. Here, we report a systematic analysis of the entire coding region of the COL4A5 gene, using nested reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the direct sequence method using leukocytes. This study examines twenty-two unrelated Japanese patients with X-linked Alport's syndrome showing abnormal expression of alpha5(IV) in the glomerular or epidermal basement membranes. Mutations that were predicted to be pathogenic were identified in 12 of the 13 male patients (92%) and five of the nine female patients (56%). Six patients had missense mutations, four had out-of-frame deletion mutations, three had nonsense mutations, and three had mutations causing exon loss of the transcript. The current study shows that nested RT-PCR and the direct sequence method using leukocytes are highly sensitive and offer a useful approach for systematic gene analysis in patients with X-linked Alport's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Binding affinity of sarpogrelate to 5-HT(2A) receptor ligand recognition sites in rat renal cortical and mesangial cells in culture.

We detected specific binding of 3H-ketanserin (0.6 nM) in rat renal cortical membrane preparations (4.70 +/- 0.57 fmol/mg protein) and mesangial cells (7.55 +/- 0.92 fmole/10(6) cells). Thus, the value in the renal cortical membrane corresponded to 15% of that in the cerebral cortical membranes (30.0 +/- 2.9 fmole/mg protein). The affinity of 3H-ketanserin binding displacement activities by sarpogrelate, a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, in the renal cortical membrane (IC50; 0.448 +/- 0.061 microM) and mesangial cells (IC50; 0.656 +/- 0.187 microM) were almost 100-fold less than that in the cerebral cortical membrane (IC50; 4.62 +/- 1.02 nM). In the renal cortical membranes and mesangial cells, methysergide displaced a tiny fraction of 3H-ketanserin binding at concentrations up to 10 microM. These results did not explain the functional activity of 5-HT in the mesangial cells, and we conclude that specific 3H-ketanserin binding sites in the mesangial cells consisted of methysergide-resistant and non-serotonergic sites with low affinity for sarpogrelate.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed1999

Possible involvement of calcineurin, protein kinase C, and Src-family kinases in angiotensin II-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p130cas in rat cardiac muscle.

Anigiotensin II (AII) has been documented to induce cardiac hypertrophy and rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple intracellular substrates including 120 kD and 70 kD protein in cardiac cells. We have found that the 120 kD protein is a Crk-associated Src substrate, p130(cas). Specific inhibition of Src-family tyrosine kinases attenuated the AII-induced p130(cas) tyrosine phosphorylation. Either chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) or inhibition of protein kinase C resulted in the decrease of the phosphorylation. Further, we have investigated the relationship between the AII-induced p130(cas) tyrosine phosphorylation and a Ca(2+) and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin which is known to be involved in the signaling pathway of cardiac hypertrophy. Pretreatment with an immunosuppressant cyclosporin A, a specific inhibitor of calcineurin, resulted in the decrease of the phosphorylation. These findings strongly suggest that the AII-induced p130(cas) tyrosine phosphorylation might be associated with the signaling pathways of Src-family tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C and calcineurin in rat cardiac muscle.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Haplotype analysis of a de novo allele at a vWF STR locus using flanking STR loci.

We have detected an unusual allele at the vWF-Kimpton (vWF-K) loci in the DNA of a child (genotype: 1415) in a paternity trio case. One allele of the child's DNA was found to derive neither from the mother (1214) nor from the putative father (1314), whose paternity was established not only by conventional polymorphic markers (probability 0.99999) but also by the other 10 STRs and the D1S80 and HLA DQ alpha loci. Two STRs flanking vWF-K comprise vWF haplotypes, which allow the parental origin of the unusual allele to be determined. Sequencing of clones encompassing the three STRs showed that the unusual allele segregated with the paternal haplotype. The de novo allele of the child thus seemed to be generated from the longer allele (14) by gaining a single unit (TCTA) through slippage replication.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Value of percutaneous transhepatic portography before hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic value of percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP) for assessing cancer invasion of the portal bifurcation in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma has not been studied previously. METHODS: From April 1977 to March 1998 combined hepatobiliary and portal vein resection was performed in 45 patients. In 25 patients, PTP was carried out before operation and the resected portal bifurcation was examined histologically. Correlation between portographic and microscopic findings at the portal bifurcation was studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Portographic and microscopic findings were classified into three groups (type A, B or C, and grade 0, I or II respectively) according to the findings at the portal bifurcation. There was a significant correlation between the portographic type and degree of cancer invasion (P = 0.0001). In seven of the eight patients with type A portograms, there was no microscopic cancer invasion of the portal bifurcation. In 15 of the 17 patients with type B or C portograms, cancer invasion was found microscopically. All patients with microscopic grade II invasion had type C portograms. CONCLUSION: PTP can be used to evaluate cancer invasion of the portal bifurcation with sufficient reliability for preoperative staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hybrid survival motor neuron genes in Japanese patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a frequently occurring autosomal recessive disease, characterized by the degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells, leading to muscular atrophy. Most SMA patients carry homozygous deletions of the telomeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN) exons 7 and 8. In the study presented here, we examined 20 Japanese SMA patients and found that 4 of these patients were lacking in telomeric SMN exon 7, but retained exon 8. In these 4 patients, who exhibited all grades of disease severity, direct sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of a hybrid SMN gene in which centromeric SMN exon 7 was adjacent to telomeric SMN exon 8. In an SMA family, a combination of polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-digestion analysis and haplotype analysis with the polymorphic multicopy marker Agl-CA indicated that the patient inherited the hybrid gene from her father. In conclusion, hybrid SMN genes can be present in all grades of disease severity and inherited from generation to generation in an SMA family.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

21-Hydroxylase deficiency presenting as massive bilateral adrenal masses in the seventh decade of life.

A 72-year-old woman was found to have massive bilateral adrenal masses on computed tomography and was diagnosed with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) based on endocrinological findings. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities except markedly short stature. She was diagnosed with 21-OHD because she had an elevated serum 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) level which significantly decreased in response to dexamethasone. Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy and later autopsy confirmed that the adrenal masses were due to adrenocortical hyperplasia. Analysis of the CYP21 gene revealed that the patient was a compound heterozygote for the Ile-172-->Asn mutation in exon 4 and the 8-bp deletion in exon 3. Simple virilizing 21-OHD (SV) would be predicted from this genotype. She had few symptoms associated with 21-OHD except for markedly short stature, but the serum 17-OHP level was higher than that of typical nonclassical form of 21-OHD and near to that of typical SV. This finding was confirmed by analysis of the CYP21 gene. From these results, we report that when adrenal masses are incidentally detected, 21-OHD should be ruled out to avoid excessive examination and surgery on the suspicion of adrenal carcinoma.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1999

Genomic expansion across the albumin gene family on human chromosome 4q is directional.

The albumin gene family arose in a series of duplication events which gave rise to symmetry in its structure. The four genes are tandemly linked on human chromosome 4q in the order: 5'ALB-5'AFP-5'ALF-5'DBP-centromere, and their introns display a symmetrical and repetitive pattern that is shared by members of the gene family. These repetitive motifs provide an internal reference, allowing observations of evolutionary changes within a single line (human) of evolutionary descent. The four genes and three intergenic regions between them increase in size as they get closer to the centromere. An invasion by multiple repetitive DNA elements may account, in part, for this expansion.

Albumins↗
PubMed1999

Mediators of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation in longitudinal muscle of the intestine of ICR mice.

Mediators of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation in longitudinal muscle of several regions of ICR mouse intestine were studied. An inhibitor of synthesis of nitric oxide, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) at 10 microM significantly inhibited NANC relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the jejunum, ileum, and the proximal and distal colon. Especially in the ileum extent of the inhibition was more than 80%. An antagonist of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors, VIP(10-28) at 3 microM partially inhibited the EFS induced relaxations in the jejunum and proximal colon, but very slightly in the distal colon and had no effect in the ileum. An antagonist of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) receptor, PACAP(6-38) at 3 microM partially inhibited the EFS-induced relaxations in the proximal and distal colon, but not in the jejunum and ileum. Totals of the percentages of relaxant components mediated by nitric oxide, VIP and PACAP in every region are roughly equal to a hundred percent. In another series of experiments, EFS-induced relaxations were almost completely inhibited by the treatment of the segments with L-NOARG and VIP(10-28) in the jejunum, with L-NOARG, VIP(10-28) and PACAP(6-38) in the proximal colon, and with L NOARG and PACAP(6-38) in the distal colon. The present results suggest that nitric oxide solely mediates the relaxation of longitudinal muscle of the ileum of ICR mice, whereas nitric oxide and VIP co-mediate it in the jejunum, nitric oxide, VIP and PACAP in the proximal colon, and nitric oxide and PACAP in the distal colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[A case of glomangioma of the stomach].

Glomus tumor of the stomach is still a rare disease. In Japan, till now, only 78 cases have been reported as far as we look over the literatures. We report a case of glomangioma of the stomach. The patient is a 44-years old female who underwent a medical examination and pointed out a gastric submucosal tumor, but she had no symptoms and admitted for operation. The endoscopical finding was a submucosal tumor as large as 4 cm, and the result of biopsy was chronic atrophic gastritis. So typical gastrectomy was performed without a definite diagnosis. In the cross section, the tumor was clearly bounded gastric mucosa by a white membrane, and the center of the tumor was spongy. By patho-histological and electro-microscopic study, we diagnosed that the tumor was glomangioma in the classification of Weiss & Enzinger. The patient was getting on well after the operation and left the hospital on the 29th day.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prenatal diagnosis of a Japanese family at risk for Tay-Sachs disease. Application of a fluorescent competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is caused by mutation of the HEXA gene, which results in a deficiency of the alpha-subunit of hexosaminidase A. The major mutation in Japanese TSD is a G-to-T transversion at the 3'-splice site of intron 5. We established a fluorescent competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (FCAS-PCR) method for detection of the mutation and applied it to prenatal diagnosis of a Japanese TSD family. FCAS-PCR distinguished the wild and mutant alleles clearly, with broad ranges in the amount of template DNA, the dNTP concentration, the MgCl2 concentration and the number of PCR cycles. After obtaining ethics committee approval and informed consent from the parents in the index family, chorionic villus sampling was performed. FCAS-PCR analysis using chorionic villus DNA disclosed that the fetus was homozygous for the mutation. To confirm the diagnosis, direct sequencing analysis of the genomic PCR fragment was performed, and showed the same results as those of the FCAS-PCR analysis. FCAS-PCR proved to be helpful for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis in TSD families in the Japanese population. It would also be a useful DNA-diagnostic method for many other inherited disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene among the Korean infants in Seoul city.

The missense mutation, C677T (Ala--->Val), in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, is related to hyperhomocysteinemia and is regarded as a risk factor for coronary artery disease and neural tube defects. The prevalence of this mutation was reported to differ among various ethnic groups, but there are few reports concerning Asian populations. We have investigated the frequencies of C677T mutation in 124 Korean infants (residents in Seoul city, Korea) and 115 Japanese adults (residents in Kobe city, Japan), and compared them with the reported data from other ethnic groups. The frequencies of the three genotypes in Koreans were as follows: C/C (wild homozygosity) 0.27, C/T (heterozygosity) 0.66, T/T (mutated homozygosity) 0.07, while those in Japanese were as follows: C/C 0.44, C/T 0.40, T/T 0.16. There was a marked difference in the genotype frequencies between the two populations (chi-square = 16.67, P = 0.0002), even though they are closely related in genetic background. The high C/T genotype frequency led to significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (chi-square = 17.35, P = 0.00003). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has not been found in any other ethnic groups. The high frequency of C/T genotype may offer Koreans a selective advantage.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase by nitric oxide.

The effects of nitric oxide on the activities of thapsigargin-sensitive sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes prepared from white skeletal muscle of rabbit femoral muscle were studied. Pretreatment of the SR preparations with nitric oxide at concentrations of up to 250 microM for 1 min decreased the SERCA activity concentration dependently, and also decreased their Ca2+ uptake. Both these effects of nitric oxide were reversible. Inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase and protein kinase G (PKG) had no significant effect on the nitric oxide-induced inhibitions of SERCA and Ca2+ uptake. Moreover, dithiothreitol did not reverse the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on SERCA and Ca2+ uptake. These findings suggest that nitric oxide inhibits SERCA, mainly SERCA 1, of rabbit femoral skeletal muscle by an action independent of the cyclic GMP-PKG system or oxidation of thiols, and probably by a direct action on SERCA protein.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1998

Studies on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Due to Laboratory Medical Analysis.

We encountered 64 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia between April 1993 and March 1994. Mean patient age was 54 years. There were 46 males and 18 females. Underlying diseases mainly consisted of traffic accident (10 patients), valvular heart disease (5 patients), chronic renal failure (5 patients), leukemia (5 patients), pneumonia (3 patients), and malignant lymphoma (3 patients). The common clinical laboratory findings of MRSA bacteremia included decreses in total protein, albumin and hemoglobin as well as increases in white blood cells (neutrophils) and C reactive protein. In particular, an increase in C reactive protein by 10 mg/dl or more may be useful for diagnosing bacteremia. Laboratory findings were compared between surviving and non-surviving patients. There were significant differences in albumin, cholesterol, bilirubin, creatinine, and CRP. In 18 patients (28.1%), bacteremia was caused by infection due to contamination of central venous catheters. Since medical treatment with intra-vascular devices may cause bacteremia, sufficient caution is needed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Chemical synthesis of the precursor molecule of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein, subsequent folding, and development of fluorescence.

The present paper describes the total chemical synthesis of the precursor molecule of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP). The molecule is made up of 238 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain and is nonfluorescent. To carry out the synthesis, a procedure, first described in 1981 for the synthesis of complex peptides, was used. The procedure is based on performing segment condensation reactions in solution while providing maximum protection to the segment. The effectiveness of the procedure has been demonstrated by the synthesis of various biologically active peptides and small proteins, such as human angiogenin, a 123-residue protein analogue of ribonuclease A, human midkine, a 121-residue protein, and pleiotrophin, a 136-residue protein analogue of midkine. The GFP precursor molecule was synthesized from 26 fully protected segments in solution, and the final 238-residue peptide was treated with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to obtain the precursor molecule of GFP containing two Cys(acetamidomethyl) residues. After removal of the acetamidomethyl groups, the product was dissolved in 0.1 M Tris. HCl buffer (pH 8.0) in the presence of DTT. After several hours at room temperature, the solution began to emit a green fluorescence (lambdamax = 509 nm) under near-UV light. Both fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission spectra were measured and were found to have the same shape and maxima as those reported for native GFP. The present results demonstrate the utility of the segment condensation procedure in synthesizing large protein molecules such as GFP. The result also provides evidence that the formation of the chromophore in GFP is not dependent on any external cofactor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗