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Biomedical subjects

H Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishio.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A case of cardiac myxoma associated with congenital oculocutaneous albinism].

This case is a 43 year-old-woman of left atrial myxoma associated with oculocutaneous albinism, who was admitted to our hospital because of nocturnal cough everyday. Electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm and complete right bundle branch block. Chest X-ray disclosed slight enlargement of left atrium. Echocardiography revealed the left atrial pedunculated tumor, arising from atrial septum, prolapsing into left ventricle during diastole, which was coincided with lucent tumor by levophase of pulmonary arteriography. Feeder artery of this tumor was visualized by right coronary arteriography. Cardiac catheterization represented normal pressure of right-sided heart. Thus the diagnosis of left atrial myxoma was established. At the operation, radical excision of the base of tumor and septum and patch closure was undergone. The gross morphology and microscopic findings were consistent with myxoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Contribution of calmodulin to renin release in spontaneously hypertensive rats].

A comparative study was designed to evaluate the contribution of calmodulin to renin release from isolated glomeruli of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki). Male 7-week-old SHR and age-matched control Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) were used in the present study. Glomeruli were isolated by the method of Beierwaltes et al. Isolated glomeruli were placed within the superfusion chamber and perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution at a constant flow of 0.3 ml/minute at 37 degrees C. Renin release was increased by calmodulin inhibitor, W-7 in both SHR and WKY. SHR showed higher maximal levels of renin release by W-7 compared to WKY. This result indicates that calmodulin plays an inhibitory role in renin release from juxtaglomerular cells. Calmodulin-mediated suppression mechanism in renin release is augmented in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of invasive thymoma in the left hilus of the lung].

Reported is the case of a 62-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of the presence of a left hilar mass found during a routine chest X-ray examination. Shortly thereafter, a left thoracotomy was performed. The tumor was located under the aortic arch in the left hilus of the lung and had invaded the pericardium and pulmonary trunk. There was no connection, however, to the anterior mediastinum. A histological examination revealed an invasive thymoma of epithelial cell of the predominant type. Seen scattered abroad were thymic tissue in the adipose tissue around the tumor of the left hilus. Postoperatively, a distant metastasis of the right lung was observed and the patient died due to respiratory failure.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Cockayne syndrome: magnetic resonance images of the brain in a severe form with early onset.

A 2-year-old boy with an early onset and severe form of Cockayne's syndrome (CS) showed differences from the common CS form, which made the clinical diagnosis difficult. However, the cellular characteristics of CS, that the patient's skin fibroblasts exhibited the hypersensitivity to the lethal effect of 254 nm ultraviolet light (UV) and a defective recovery of post-UV DNA synthesis, but normal level of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis, were observed. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the inversion-recovery method of the brain at age of 26 months showed atrophy or poor development of high signal images of the white matter. The MRI spin-echo image showed a low signal image of the lenticular nucleus. The T1 and T2 values of the cerebrum (grey matter, white matter, lenticular nucleus and thalamus) were greater than those of the age-matched controls. but similar to infant brains with much free water. Such MRI findings may suggest hypomyelination leading to the severe atrophy of the brain in this CS patient. His severe symptoms progressed rapidly until his death at 35 months due to systemic sepsis and renal dysfunction. Autopsy revealed severe microcephaly, severe atrophy of cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem, and calcification throughout the brain, especially in the basal ganglia. Myelin staining showed numerous patchy losses of myelination in the cortical white matter.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) administered intraperitoneally on cholinergic nerves in rat brain].

Rats injected i.p. with AF64A at a dose of 1/3 to 11/25 LD50 showed transient signs of motor disturbance such as ataxia, squatting down and respiratory distress and also longer lasting signs consisting of adipsia, aphagia and loss of body weight. Twenty-four hours after a single injection with AF64A (129 mumol/kg), ACh contents in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum decreased significantly, and the content in the cerebral cortex still remained at a lowered level even 10 days after injection. When rats received AF64A i.p. with an initial dose of 129 mumol/kg and nine consecutive daily doses of 12.9 mumol/kg and thereafter they were kept with no medication for at least 20 days, the ACh contents in the three brain regions were still significantly reduced. ACh release by electrical stimulation or K+, but not spontaneous release, was significantly reduced in the AF64A treated rats. The T-maze spontaneous alternation behavior in rats treated with AF64A was impaired. The present results indicate that AF64A administered i.p. can induce a long lasting defect in central cholinergic transmission.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Electronmicroscopic study on biopsied rectal mucosa in adrenoleukodystrophy.

Rectal mucosal biopsies were performed for seven members of five families with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Many histiocytes contained characteristic cytoplasmic lamellar inclusions that were identical to those seen in adrenocortical cells, brain macrophages, and Schwann cells of affected patients. The ultrastructural features were seen in all patients and also in two asymptomatic younger brothers who had presymptomatic ALD according to assay of very-long-chain fatty acids.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1987

Effect of concanavalin A on 5'-nucleotidase activity of rabbit blood platelets.

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'-NU) of platelets was enhanced by concanavalin A (Con A). This effect of Con A was antagonized by alpha-methyl-D-mannose, a specific antagonist of Con A binding to glycoprotein. Coformycin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, did not change the effect of Con A on the ecto-5'-NU. Uptake of adenosine by platelets was not affected by Con A. It was suggested that the ecto-5'-NU of platelet might be a direct and primary site of action of Con A.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1987

A possible role for calmodulin in Ca2+-induced swelling of mitochondria.

Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling was inhibited by a low concentration of calmodulin antagonists. Two affinities of Ca2+ to mitochondrial swelling were observed: high (2-5 microM) and low (more than 100 microM) systems. The high-affinity change was inhibited by micromolar level of trifluoperazine and W-7, but not by W-5. The possible mechanism of this inhibition and the role of CaM in mitochondria are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The significance of bronchoscopic findings as a prognostic factor in inoperable adenocarcinoma of the lung].

The clinical value of bronchoscopic findings as a prognostic factor has been studied in 136 cases with an inoperable adenocarcinoma of the lung. The survival time in 107 cases with pathological bronchoscopic findings was significantly shorter than in 29 cases without pathological bronchoscopic findings. In the three subtypes of bronchoscopic findings, classified according to the tumor proliferation pattern, i.e. polypoid type, submucosal type and exposing type, the exposing type proved to have the worst prognosis. In addition, our study suggests that the level of infiltrated bronchus is related to the survival time. The more central the tumor infiltration, the worse the prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

A simple method to diagnose adrenoleukodystrophy using a dried blood spot on filter paper.

A new, simple method for the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) using a dried blood spot sample, is described. Fatty acid from the dried blood spot was extracted and methylated simultaneously with HCl-methanol. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acid compositions of the blood spot from four patients with ALD and five healthy controls were determined from the mass chromatograms of the m/z 143 ion, [(CH2)6 COOCH3]+. The ratios of tetracosanoic acid to docosanoic acid (C24:0/C22:0) and hexacosanoic acid to docosanoic acid (C26:0/C22:0) were significantly greater in ALD patients than in the controls. The fatty acid composition of the dried blood spot did not change at room temperature within a week. Since the specimens can be sent by mail, this method could be applied to the screening of ALD.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic value of high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase in detection of hepatic metastasis in patients with lung cancer.

High molecular weight alkaline phosphatase (HMW-ALP) was measured in the sera of 126 patients with lung cancer to determine its diagnostic value in the detection of hepatic metastasis. This isoenzyme was found in 21 of 24 patients with hepatic metastasis and in 27 of 102 patients without hepatic metastasis. When 10 U/L was used as a cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this test were 71%, 89%, and 86%, respectively. From the standpoint of histologic type, this test was most useful in patients with small cell carcinoma. HMW-ALP was not detected in the sera of 15 controls. It is concluded that HMW-ALP is a useful marker for hepatic metastasis in patients with lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Bronchial brushing and bronchial biopsy: comparison of diagnostic accuracy and cell typing reliability in lung cancer.

A total of 443 patients with lung cancer underwent brush and forceps biopsy through a fibreoptic bronchoscope. The biopsy was taken from the area of suspected malignancy which had been brushed. Of 443 patients, 400 (90.3%) showed positive results on brushing and 287 (64.8%) on biopsy. A combination of both techniques yielded the highest percentage of positive diagnosis (93.7%). Histologically, there was a high incidence of positive diagnosis for squamous and small cell carcinoma. One hundred and three (83.7%) of 123 specimens obtained by brushing and 75 (81.5%) of 92 specimens obtained by biopsy agreed with the cell type found in the surgical or necropsy specimen. Cell typing accuracy was higher in squamous and in small cell carcinoma in both techniques. As the cell typing accuracy of the two methods is similar, the results obtained by both techniques should be taken into consideration in the management of individual cases of lung cancer.

Biopsy↗