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Biomedical subjects

H Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishimura.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Development of the cornea during fetal life: comparison of corneal and bulbar diameter.

Two hundred twenty undamaged human fetuses without external malformations were supplied by the human embryo and fetus collection at the Department of Anatomy, Kyoto University. The diameters of the cornea and eyeball were measured by slide calipers under a stereomicroscope. The various diameters of the eyeball showed a parallel, linear increase from the 12th to the 28th week of menstrual age. Corneal diameters appeared to increase in parallel with the eyeball as a whole until the 16th week of menstrual age; later on their rate of growth declined. The corneal limbus could be recognized macroscopically at the 17th week of menstrual age and was distinctly seen from the 20th week of menstrual age. The corneal curve at the limbus began to be a little convex at the 21st week of menstrual age and became distinctly convex from the 23rd week. The cornea was transparent from the 12th to the 28th week of menstrual age. The sclera lost its transparency from the 21st week. It is significant that during fetal life the sagittal diameter of the eyeball is shorter than the vertical and transverse diameters.

Cornea↗
PubMed1980

Clinical implications of alpha-fetoprotein in liver cirrhosis: five-year follow-up study.

The level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was estimated by radioimmunoassay or passive hemagglutination method in a series of 159 patients with liver cirrhosis, and the incidence of serum hepatitis B antigen, histopathologic features of the liver, incidence of development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality in AFP-positive cases were studied. Approximately 40 per cent of the patients had an AFP level higher than 20 ng/per ml, and all the elevations of AFP over 100 ng per ml were transient. In contrast, patients who developed HCC during the course of the disease always exhibited an increasing value of AFP. The seropositivity for AFP was significantly related to the presence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen and also to liver cell dysplasia as well as to thickening of the liver cell plates. As compared with a group of AFP-negative cases, the AFP-positive group showed a higher incidence of development of HCC and poorer prognosis over a five-year follow-up period. The data obtained suggested that increased AFP-production in patients with liver cirrhosis might reflect, largely an abnormal or altered liver cell regeneration, probably associated with hepatitis B virus, and that patients with transiently elevated AFP values might be at greater risk for the development of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1980

Clinical study on the treatment of malignant ovarian tumor--particularly the clinical management of dysgerminoma and common epithelial carcinoma.

In the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kurume University, I, 355 cases of ovarian neoplasma were treated from 1960 to 1979, and of these cases 336 belonged to the semimalignant group and the most malignant group of the Japanese Ovarian Committee (J.O.C.). These groups are substantially grouped together into the category of malignant tumor by J.O.C., but their 5-year survival rates are considerably different, i.e., 67.6% for the semimalignant group and 30.8% for the most malignant group. Particularly, since tumors of the semimalignant group often occur in young women who must retain their generative functions, they must be treated differentially from the group of adenocarcinoma which appears frequently in rather aged patients. The present paper describes the clinical management of dysgerminoma, the incidence of which is high in the semimalignant group, and common epithelial carcinoma, the incidence of which is high in the most malignant group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Calicivirus detected in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in school children.

Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in AK and N Primary Schools of Osaka Prefecture early in March and early in November, respectively, 1977. Epidemiological surveys were carried out in both schools with the following results. The morbidity rates were 21.8% (AK) and 8.5% (N) among all pupils, and 41.7% (AK) and 36.8% (N) in special age groups. The main clinical symptoms were abdominal pain (77.2-91.3%), diarrhea (38.4-41.3%) and vomiting (6.5-41.6%). Electron microscopic observations of negatively stained specimens showed that five of 15 fecal extracts obtained from patients in the two schools contained virus particles of 35-40 nm diameter with some black hollows on the surface of complete particles and ten projection-like structures at the edge of empty shells. These morphological characteristics resemble those of calicivirus particles. Immune electron microscopic examination suggested that outbreak in AK School was associated with this virus. Attempts to cultivate the viruses in various cultured cells and in suckling mice were unsuccessful.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of a thiamine-binding protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Thiamine-binding protein was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by successive procedures of cold osmotic shock treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and ultrafiltration. The purified thiamine-binding protein was an electrophoretically homogeneous molecule which appeared to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 140 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No thiamine-binding protein was observed by disc gel electrophoresis in the shock fluid released from yeast cells grown in the presence of 1 muM thiamine, indicating that the formation of this protein is regulated by exogenous thiamine as previously suggested.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Studies on analgesic agents. 1.1a Preparation of 1,2-diphenyl-2-(4-substituted 1-piperazinyl)ethanol derivatives and structure-activity relationships.

The preparation and analgesic activity of a series of the title compounds (8-55 and 57) are described. The intermediates, 2-phenyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)acetophenones 5 and 6, were prepared from benzyl phenyl ketones 3 via their bromides 4. On reduction, compounds 5 afforded the titled compounds 8-12, 16, and 26-48. Compounds 13-15 and 17-25 were obtained by alkylation or benzylation of 1.2-diphenyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)ethanols 7 derived from 6 by reduction. The reduction of 5 and 6 with metal hydrides predominantly gave the erythro isomers. The erythro isomers were remarkably more active than their threo isomers. The more active members in this series of compounds were 16 and derivatives 35 and 37-44 of dl-erythro-1-phenyl-2-(substituted phenyl)-2-[4-(p-methoxybenzyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanol. Compounds 16, 43, and 44 were the most active with a potency of about two to three times that of codeine. Racemates 16 and 38 were resolved into their optical isomers and it was found that (-)-16 and (+)-38 were more potent than their antipodes. Structure-activity relationship are discussed.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Studies on 3-substituted 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives. 6. Syntheses of 3-(sulfamoylmethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives and their anticonvulsant activities.

Several 3-(sulfamoylmethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives were synthesized from 3-(bromomethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole by the reaction with sodium bisulfite followed by chlorination and amination. Some of them displayed marked anticonvulsant activity in mice. The introduction of a halogen atom to the 5 position of the benzisoxazole ring caused increased activity and neurotoxicity; the substitution of a sulfamoyl group caused decreased activity. The activity of monoalkylated compounds might be the result of biotransformation. Among these compounds, 3-(sulfamoylmethyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole (1a) was thought to be the most promising as an anticonvulsant from the ratio of NTD50 and ED50.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Renin response to hemorrhage and hypotension in the aglomerular toadfish Opsanus tau.

Renal renin and the juxtaglomerular cells evolved in primitive bony fishes, whereas the macula densa emerged later in vertebrate phylogeny. We attempted to determine whether a renal arteriolar baroreceptor exists in the toadfish Opsanus tau, which possess renin and granulated cells in the kidneys, but lack glomeruli and macula densa. Cumulative hemorrhage of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 ml/kg, or a single massive bleeding from unanesthetized toadfish, kept in 50% seawater, caused an immediate and significant decrease in mean aortic pressure and stepwise increases (5-20 times) of plasma renin activity (PRA). Papaverine (10 mg/kg) caused hypotension and increased PRA. Minoxidil (6-12 mg/kg) neither decreased blood pressure nor increased PRA. The results suggest that toadfish respond to hemorrhage and acute hypotension with renin release despite the absence of a macula densa. It remains to be determined whether decreased renal perfusion pressure due to decreased dorsal aortic pressure stimulated the receptor in the granulated cells or whether the renal nerves may be involved.

Angiotensinogen↗