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Biomedical subjects

H Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishimura.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Analysis of antibody to neutrophils associated with autoimmune neutropenia: possible recognition of Fc-receptor-related molecules.

The serum of a 50-year-old male with neutropenia and a bout of bacterial infection was studied. Anti-neutrophil IgG antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using a laser flow cytometry system. Purified IgG from our patient's serum did not inhibit chemotaxis of neutrophils, but inhibited rosette formation of neutrophils with ox red blood cells (ORBC) coated with anti-ORBC rabbit IgG dose-dependently. Surface iodination of neutrophils followed by their immunoprecipitation by purified IgG and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band that corresponded to 45 kilodaltons. Possibly the IgG antibody in our patient's serum recognizes molecules related to Fc receptors.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1986

Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in prenatal and postnatal human livers: comparison of human liver 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylases with rat liver enzymes.

Human liver samples from 17 embryos, 5 fetuses, 5 infants and 4 adults were used to investigate human liver cytochrome P-450-dependent 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase activities, and their drug-metabolizing activities were compared to those of rat livers. The O-dealkylase activities in human embryos and fetuses were very low, although detectable, similar to those in fetal rats. Both male and female rats showed a postnatal increase of hepatic O-dealkylase activities with a maximum at about 30-40 days after birth and then a decline in the activities which was marked in female rats. Adult female rats showed a marked decrease in the hepatic enzyme activity observed in the O-depropylation reaction rather than the O-demethylation and O-deethylation reactions. During the developmental period of human infants, the O-demethylase activity, but not O-depropylase activity, increased gradually. Enzymes in adult human livers metabolize the O-methyl derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin in preference to the O-ethyl and O-propyl derivatives. The metabolic activities of human adult enzymes for 7-alkoxycoumarin resembled those in adult female rats and were quite different from those in male rats. The study demonstrated that caution must be exercised in extrapolating pharmacological results from animal to man in the field of drug metabolism.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous closure of isolated ventricular septal defect in the pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens).

The incidence of spontaneously occurring ventricular septal defects (VSD) in PIKA neonates and its fate during development are investigated. A total of 160 PIKAs were used in the present study. They consisted of three groups; first, 56 live neonates, second, 37 3-week-old live animals and third, 68 animals which had died during the first two weeks after birth from unknown causes. As high as 8.9% (5 cases out of 56) of the live neonates revealed isolated ventricular septal defects of membranous type. Decreased incidence (2.7%) was seen in 3-week-old PIKAs. Its implication and significance are evaluated in the discussion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Joint study on the teratogenic sensitivity of the Pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) to selected drugs.

A collaborative study was conducted to investigate the teratological susceptibility of the Pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) to selected teratogenic chemicals: cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-aminonicotinamide, actinomycin D, ethylurethan, ampicillin, tetracycline, thalidomide, diphenylhydantoin, hypervitaminosis A, aspirin, dexamethasone, betamethasone and bredinin. Some of the chemicals were shown to be teratogenic in the Pika, but this animal was generally more resistant to their teratogenicity than the rabbit and rodents. In the Pika, thalidomide did not induce any typical limb defects, which have been produced in the rabbit. Pikas reproduce well and appear to have no substantial disadvantages as an animal species for teratological studies. Thus, the Pika may be useful as a new non-rodent species for teratological testings.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1986

[A case report of concurrent esophageal and gastric double cancer successfully treated by surgery and the effectiveness of the oral administration of polyacrylate pasta (PANA kayaku) and bleomycin oil in esophageal carcinoma].

The patient was a 65-year-old male who came to our hospital with a complaint of dysphagia. He was admitted to hospital following a diagnosis of combined tumor in the esophagus and stomach as revealed by X-ray fluoroscopy. For preoperative chemotherapy, he was given oral administration of BLM-polyacrylate pasta, 30 mg/day for 25 days and 15 mg/day for 5 days, up to a total dose of 825 mg. This regimen successfully reduced the tumor in the esophageal area. No signs of pulmonary dysfunction, changes in blood cell count and blood chemistry of any other abnormalities in his general status were seen as side-effects of the BLM-polyacrylate pasta. Thoracic-esophagectomy and total gastrectomy were performed on November 7, 1983. He has been maintaining a good quality of life without any signs of recurrence of the tumor for the last two years and six months after the operation. The esophageal tumor was identified as moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with A0N0M0Pl0 and grade of invasion "mp", while the gastric tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with H0P0S0N0 and invasion grade "m" in the early stage of IIa + IIc type.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1986

Absolute neutrophilia in adult T cell leukemia.

The numbers of neutrophils and platelets and the serum calcium (Ca) levels were examined in 12 patients with lymphoma-type adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and 35 patients with leukemic-type ATL. The same parameters were also studied in 17 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 22 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia as controls. The numbers of neutrophils and the serum Ca levels were significantly higher in leukemic-type ATL (P less than 0.01) and lymphoma-type ATL (P less than 0.05) than in the controls. However, no statistically significant correlation between the numbers of neutrophils and the levels of serum Ca in ATL was observed. Thus, these two abnormal clinical features might be caused by different humoral factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of polyethylene glycol-modified L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli and its application to therapy of leukemia.

For the purpose of clinical application to the therapy of human leukemia and lymphosarcoma, L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli was modified with 2,4-bis(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6-chloro-s-triazine (activated PEG2) by an improved method, which involves a purification step of activated PEG2 by gel filtration. The PEG2-modified asparaginase retained approximately 30% (73 IU/mg of protein) of the enzymic activity of the native enzyme, while it had almost wholly lost the immunoreactivity towards anti-asparaginase antibodies. The modified enzyme retained the characteristics of the native enzyme in terms of the pH- and temperature-dependencies of activity and stability, and the Km value for L-asparagine. Administration of the modified enzyme to a dog with spontaneous lymphosarcoma induced complete remission without any toxic side effects. Seven children with multiple relapses of acute leukemia were treated with a regimen of cycles of methotrexate and native asparaginase. Three of these children developed anaphylactic shock. In contrast to the native enzyme, the successive administration of PEG2-modified asparaginase to those three patients was therapeutically effective without causing any allergic reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Reproducibility of somatosensory evoked potentials in normal humans].

The authors have applied the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) as an index of the brain function, and studied the reversibility of the ischemic brain dysfunction from the SEP changes under the drug-induced conditions. From the previous experiences, the authors are now doing the quantitative analysis of the amplitude of the early negative component (N1-amplitude) on SEP, and evaluating the reversibility of the brain dysfunction. The early components of SEP, including N1, were reported that responses were reasonably constant in normal subjects. Responses recorded at different times in the same subject were usually very similar and there were not significant differences among the responses recorded in different subjects. In the consecutive SEP recordings, however, the reproducibility of N1-amplitude has not yet fully studied. It is necessary to know the standard values when the significant changes of N1-amplitude are evaluated under the drug-induced conditions. The purpose of this paper is to study the reproducibility of N1-amplitude of SEP in the consecutive recordings, and also, stimulating and recording methods of SEP. Subjects were 15 normal volunteers, from 21 to 38 (mean: 29) years old. Two stimulating needle electrodes were inserted to the skin at the wrist, and the somatosensory stimulation was applied to the median nerve with 1 msec duration of square pulse. Monopolar EEGs were recorded from the scalp of the parietal region (P3 or P4) contralateral to the stimulation, and SEPs were recorded by averaging those EEGs with computer technique. N1-amplitude was determined by the vertical distance between peaks of P1 and N1 components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[An experimental study of cisplatin and it's antidote, sodium thiosulfate, in ovarian pseudomyxoma implanted into nude mice abdominal cavity].

While Cisplatin was found to be effective in treating pseudomyxoma, its side effects, particularly on the kidneys, were very strong. Recently a "two channel therapy", in which it is used along with sodiumthiosulfate, has been reported to minimize the side effects. The authors used nude mice with pseudomyxoma implanted into the abdominal cavity in an experiment in which Cisplatin was introduced into the abdominal cavity and sodiumthiosulfate injected subcutaneously in a two channel procedure to determine the effect of sodiumthiosulfate on the action of Cisplatin on the pseudomyxoma and on the side effects of Cisplatin. The following results were obtained: The survival rate was improved when sodiumthiosulfate was administered with 40 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of Cisplatin. Body weight loss was controlled when sodiumthiosulfate was administered with 20 mg/kg of Cisplatin. On the other hand, the histological effect of Cisplatin was also suppressed when sodiumthiosulfate was co-administered. In this study, we failed to observed any histological changes in the kidneys and liver attributable to Cisplatin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Normal pressure hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage--with regard to pathogenesis and factors influencing the efficacy of shunt surgery].

Twenty-four adult cases of suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were investigated clinically from the aspect of predicting the efficacy of the shunting procedure. They consisted of 13 men and 11 women, with the mean age of 55-y-o. In addition to checking neurological signs, pre- and postoperative CT scans, RI (or CT) cisternography and bolus infusion test were performed in each of them. Shunt surgery was done, all of which ventriculoperitoneal shunt, in 17 patients. They were divided into three groups, namely, shunt effective group (A), neurologically unchanged group after surgery (B) and worsened group (C). The A group had 8 cases, B had 8 also and C contained only one. Effectiveness of shunt procedure was measured by an improvement in the activity of daily life (ADL). Compared with group B, group A tended to have more cases of delayed onset of NPH (mean days of 112 from SAH attack in group A while 55 days in group B), cases with "trias" (3 against 0) and moderate ventricular dilatation with periventricular lucency (8 against 2). The finding of delayed clearance in cisternogram did not make an accurate judgement in the efficacy of shunt surgery. By using the bolus method of infusion test, the true cause of shunt non-effective ventricular dilatation was suggested to the disturbance of cerebral blood circulation due to elevation of intracranial venous outflow resistance. This suggestion was elicited by the analysis of pressure response curve gained from the bolus injection, in which group A cases mainly reached the baseline pressure within 22 minutes, but on the contrary group B showed more than 22 minutes as a rule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗