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Biomedical subjects

H Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishimura.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Antitumor activity of cisplatin analogs against malignant ovarian tumor xenografts into nude mice.

The antitumor activity of new platinum analogs was studied at equitoxic doses to that of cisplatin (CDDP) in BALB/C nu-nu nude mice bearing xenografts of human ovarian malignant tumors. The following two tumor lines were used: OH-1 (serous cystadenocarcinoma) and MP-1 (mucinous cystadenoma, LPM). 1) Antitumor activity was determined for all agents from the T/C ratio for OH-1. In particular, 254-S and JM-8 were found to be much more active than the other agents. 2) Antitumor activity was determined with JM-8 from the abdominal diameter ratio for MP-1. Both JM-8 and CDDP yielded active responses which were evaluated by the CEA value. Therefore, JM-8 and CDDP were considered to be the most active agents for MP-1. 3) We evaluated the mean body weight loss of tumor bearing mice in order to study the side effects, and a great weight loss was observed with 254-S. 4) A large variety of effects were observed in the histological evaluation for the two tumor lines, and were thus difficult to discuss. Our findings suggest the necessity of individual chemotherapy for each histological type of ovarian malignant tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Gastroduodenal complications in patients with adult T-cell leukemia.

Gastroduodenal endoscopic examinations were performed on 15 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Twelve had the disease in acute form, two in chronic form and one patient was in crisis. Eight patients had gastroduodenal lesions, four esophageal candidiasis, three gastric infiltration and two duodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Four out of the five patients who had the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration complained of gastroduodenal symptoms such as anorexia, upper abdominal pain, diarrhea and melena. Our observations suggested that these gastroduodenal symptoms were related to the gastroduodenal ATL-cell infiltration. Esophageal candidiasis in ATL could be related to immunodeficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Association of HLA-DR2/DR4 heterozygosity with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese patients.

The frequency of HLA-DR2/DR4 heterozygotes was significantly higher in 85 Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), compared with healthy controls. There was no difference in frequency of the heterozygotes of HLA-DR2/non-DR4. The association with HLA-DR2/DR4 heterozygosity was highly significant in patients with SLE in whom the onset occurred under age 30 and there was no significant association in patients with SLE in whom the onset occurred at age over 30 years. The possible role of HLA-DR2/DR4 heterozygosity in the development of SLE is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Indications for thoracotomy in pulmonary metastatic sarcoma and its prognosis].

Between 1960 and 1987, 46 patients underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary metastatic sarcoma. The histologic classification of the sarcoma was osteosarcoma in 33 patients, other malignant bone tumors in 6 and soft tissue sarcoma in 7. The cumulative five-year survival rate of the 33 patients with osteosarcoma was 23%. Ten patients survived more than 3 years and 8 of them are still alive without pulmonary metastasis. Prognosis was significantly better with intensive multidrug chemotherapy. In this series, prognosis was not significantly related to the interval from initial onset to initial treatment, that from initial treatment to pulmonary metastasis and that from pulmonary metastasis to initial thoracotomy. The five-year survival rate of the 6 patients with other malignant bone tumors was 35%, and that of the 7 patients with soft tissue sarcoma 26%. Good indications for thoracotomy in pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma are: (1) the primary sarcoma is resected, (2) the interval from initial treatment to pulmonary metastases is more than 6 months, (3) the number of pulmonary metastases is less than 4 or 5 nodules, and (4) the number and diameter of pulmonary metastases is controlled with chemotherapy within 2 or 3 months after occurrence of metastasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hydrolysis of phosphatidate by human placental alkaline phosphatase.

Highly purified alkaline phosphatase of human placenta catalyzed the hydrolysis of phosphatidate with quantitative formation of almost stoichiometric amounts of diglyceride and inorganic phosphate. In the presence of sodium deoxycholate, the activity was maximal at pH 8.8. The activity was strongly inhibited by L-phenylalanine but scarcely affected by NaF. These results show that alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphatidate under different conditions from those for activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of Thy-1 gene expression in transgenic mice.

Genomic DNA fragments encompassing the human Thy-1 or mouse Thy-1.1 gene have been microinjected into pronuclei of mouse embryos homozygous for the Thy-1.2 allele. In the resulting transgenic mice, the human gene is expressed in a pattern characteristic of normal human tissues, and is not influenced by the pattern of endogenous mouse Thy-1 expression. The mouse Thy-1.1 gene fragment is expressed in a pattern typical of mouse Thy-1, although it is more limited in its distribution. The results indicate the presence of multiple cis-acting regulators of Thy-1 gene expression that have changed in both their character and arrangement over the course of Thy-1 gene evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Differential expression of the human Thy-1 gene in rodent-human somatic cell hybrids [corrected].

Thy-1 is a cell surface differentiation marker which shows distinct patterns of tissue-specific expression in different species. In man, the Thy-1 antigen is encoded by chromosome 11. We have examined the regulatory signals determining human Thy-1 expression through serologic analysis of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids retaining human chromosome 11 in which the fusion partners belong to distinct differentiation lineages. Cell surface expression of human Thy-1 was determined by mixed hemadsorption assays with two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), K117 and L127, shown to detect authentic human Thy-1 through analysis of COS-7 monkey kidney cells transfected with a cloned human Thy-1 gene. Three different patterns of human Thy-1 expression were observed when hybrid cells, constructed with different human and rodent cell types, were tested with mAb K117 and L127. Hybrids formed between Thy-1+ human neuroblastoma cells and Thy-1- mouse neuroblastoma cells, or hybrids between Thy-1+ human fibroblasts and the Thy-1- mouse kidney carcinoma, RAG, retain human Thy-1 expression. In contrast, hybrids formed between either Thy-1+ human neuroblastoma cells or Thy-1+ human fibroblasts and Thy-1- mouse L cells lose expression of human Thy-1 even though chromosome 11 is retained. Finally, hybrids formed between Thy-1- human peripheral lymphocytes or a Thy-1- lymphoblastoid B cell line and Thy-1- Chinese hamster fibroblasts begin to express human Thy-1. These studies suggest that both positive and negative trans-acting signals may play a role in the tissue-specific regulation of the human Thy-1 gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

High prevalence of defective human embryos at the early postimplantation period.

Thirty-seven cases of human embryos at the early postimplantation period were procured after induced abortion and examined histologically. Their developmental stages ranged from Carnegie stages 6 to 11, and their standard ages ranged from 14 to 24 days after fertilization. Five cases (13.5%) were grossly abnormal, and seven (18.9%) were degenerating partially or in toto. Gross abnormalities included distorted embryonic disc, disorganized neural groove or tube, and neural tube dysraphism. The high prevalence rate of defective embryos at the early postimplantation period supports the clinical finding that a substantial proportion of human conceptions are eliminated from an early stage of pregnancy, often without the knowledge of the mother. The fate of undifferentiated pathological embryos is uncertain and remains to be determined.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

UFT for head and neck cancers: its tissue concentrations and effects on lymphocyte subpopulations.

UFT, a combination of the masked compound of 5-fluorouracil (FT-207) and uracil, was given to head and neck cancer patients for 1 week preoperatively and for 8 weeks postoperatively. Drug concentrations were examined in the surgically removed tissues. The concentrations of FT-207, 5-fluorouracil, and uracil were higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. The lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed by cytofluorometry with monoclonal antibodies. There was no evidence that adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT specifically suppresses immunocompetent cells. We therefore conclude that further clinical evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT would be worthwhile.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Electron microscopic autoradiographic demonstration of inositol incorporation in the cochlea.

[3H]Inositol was perilymphatically perfused into the guinea pig cochlea and the sites of its incorporation were autoradiographically identified by electron microscope. In the organ of Corti, distinct areas of inositol incorporation were observed at sites enriched with cytoskeletal proteins. In addition, a wide range of cell organelles incorporated inositol. Cell membrane/subsurface cisterna complex of the outer hair cells and the cell membrane/microvilli complex incorporated inositol more avidly than did other cell membranes. In the stria vascularis, intermediate cells incorporated inositol more frequently than cells in other areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 1-substituted 4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine derivatives having narcotic agonist and antagonist activity.

Racemates and enantiomers of 1-substituted 4-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethyl]piperazine derivatives (3-18) were synthesized, and their analgesic and other pharmacological activities and structure-activity relationships were investigated. The S-(+) enantiomers of 2a, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 15-18 had a stronger analgesic activity than their R-(-) enantiomers; analgesic activity of the strongest one [(S)-(+)-10] was 105 times as potent as that of morphine. The S-(+) enantiomers of these compounds had the opposite configuration to that of morphine with respect to its (C-9) asymmetric center but the same configuration to that of the tyrosine residue of Met5-enkephalin. The R-(-) enantiomers of 16 and 18 showed narcotic antagonist activity, but the S-(+) enantiomers did not. (R)-(-)-18 had analgesic and narcotic antagonist activities comparable to pentazocine but showed no significant physical dependence liability. From these results, it is suggested that these compounds show an uncommon enantioselectivity in comparison with morphine and its surrogates, and belong to a new series of compounds having a potent analgesic activity.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1987

Multifactorial evaluation of blood pressure fall upon hospitalization in essential hypertensive patients.

1. Studies were prospectively performed on 72 hospitalized patients with essential hypertension. Blood pressure was normalized within 1 week of admission in 33 patients (group I), but did not decrease in 39 patients (group II). To determine the factors that differentiate group I from group II, cardio-renal haemodynamic and endocrinological indices were evaluated using multivariate analysis. 2. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures on admission were higher in group II (P less than 0.001), whose optic fundi showed more severe changes (P less than 0.001). Although group II had greater left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P less than 0.02), left ventricular mass index (P less than 0.05) and systemic vascular resistance (P less than 0.01) on echocardiography, their cardiac index and ejection fraction were comparable with those of group I. 3. Renal blood flow (P less than 0.05) and glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.01) were lower in group II than in group I. Renal vascular resistance was more elevated (P less than 0.01) in group II than in group I. 4. After severe sodium depletion and ambulation, group I showed a greater increase in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline (P less than 0.05). On multivariate analysis, those with lower systolic blood pressure, better renal function and more reactive sympathetic nervous system were discriminated as group I. 5. These data suggest that group I patients have lower systolic blood pressure on admission, greater sympathetic reactivity and better renal function, all of which contribute to their spontaneous blood pressure fall after admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of the antibody to influenza C virus in a northern Luzon Highland Village, Philippines.

A total of 101 serum samples were collected from the persons (1 to 85 years of age) living in a Philippine mountain village where the contact with other communities has largely been restricted. These sera were tested for the presence of antibody to influenza C virus with hemagglutination-inhibition and radioimmuno-precipitation tests. The results showed that all the subjects, including the persons who had never been outside the village, contained the antibody to the surface glycoprotein of the virus, and that the age of acquisition of the antibody was significantly lower in this village than in any of the previously studied communities. Thus it appeared that infection with influenza C virus was prevalent even in this small mountain village, presumably with a higher incidence than in the larger, industrialized communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of the antibody to influenza C virus in dogs and pigs in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.

The distribution of the antibody to influenza C virus in the dogs and pigs in Yamagata prefecture, Japan was investigated by using three different serological methods: hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP), and immunoblotting. The antibody against influenza C virus glycoprotein (gp88) was detected in 5 out of 112 sera collected from mongrel dogs, three by RIP test and two by any of the three methods, suggesting that the virus can cause natural infection in dogs. Significant levels of HI activity were found in 58 out of 269 sera collected from domestic pigs, but none of them showed positive reaction in the more sensitive method, RIP, which suggests that the inhibitors against the hemagglutination by influenza C virus rather than the antibody to gp88 are responsible for the observed HI activity. It appears, therefore, that at least in the Yamagata area, pigs do not play significant roles in the spread of influenza C virus in humans.

Animals↗