Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Nishikawa
Publications and source records attributed to H Nishikawa.
Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.
PURPOSE: A phase III study was performed to determine whether concurrent or sequential treatment with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) improves survival in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were assigned to the two treatment arms. In the concurrent arm, chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), vindesine (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29, and 36), and mitomycin (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). RT began on day 2 at a dose of 28 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 14 fractions) followed by a rest period of 10 days, and then repeated. In the sequential arm, the same CT was given, but RT was initiated after completing CT and consisted of 56 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 28 fractions). RESULTS: Three hundred twenty patients were entered onto the study. Pretreatment characteristics were well balanced between the treatment arms. The response rate for the concurrent arm was significantly higher (84. 0%) than that of the sequential arm (66%) (P =.0002). The median survival duration was significantly superior in patients receiving concurrent therapy (16.5 months), as compared with those receiving sequential therapy (13.3 months) (P =.03998). Two-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates in the concurrent group (34.6%, 22.3%, 16.9%, and 15.8%, respectively) were better than those in the sequential group (27.4%, 14.7%, 10.1%, and 8.9%, respectively). Myelosuppression was significantly greater among patients on the concurrent arm than on the sequential arm (P =.0001). CONCLUSION: In selected patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC, the concurrent approach yields a significantly increased response rate and enhanced median survival duration when compared with the sequential approach.
Adult↗
Depressive state with anxiety in repeated cold-stressed mice in forced swimming tests.
The effects of various types of stress and drugs were studied to assess mouse performance in forced swimming tests, following characterization of SART (specific alternation of rhythm in environmental temperature) stress. Immobility time in the test decreased in mice subjected to SART, acute cold and restraint stress. No change was noted due to chronic cold stress or repeated fasting. The shortened time did not recover even 24 hr after the end of SART and chronic restraint stress. The time in SART-stressed mice finally recovered at 5-7 days. Shortening of immobility time in SART-stressed mice was inhibited by diazepam and repeated imipramine but not by lithium carbonate. In chronic restraint-stressed mice, this time was inhibited by repeated lithium carbonate but not diazepam or imipramine. SART stress would thus appear related to anxiety and depression and may be useful for detecting new types of antidepressants.
Animals↗
Morphometric evidence that YM175, a bisphosphonate, reduces trabecular bone resorption in ovariectomized dogs with dietary calcium restriction.
We examined mechanisms by which incadronate disodium (YM175) prevented bone resorption in ovariectomized dogs with dietary calcium restriction using the morphometrical method. YM175 (0.01-1.0 mg/kg) was given to ovariectomized dogs for 18 months. Because lumbar bone mineral density remained constant at month 17, we assumed that the trabecular bone resorption rate was equal to the bone formation rate and that wall thickness equaled resorption cavity depth. YM175 decreased both the bone resorption rate per number of osteoclasts and resorption cavity depth of cancellous pockets which were increased in ovariectomized dogs. These results suggest that YM175 reduces bone loss by decreasing the resorbing activity of osteoclasts.
Animals↗
Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middle-aged Japanese males.
Consumption of caffeine-rich beverages, which have diuretic properties, may decrease serum uric acid concentrations. We examined cross-sectionally the relationship of coffee and green tea consumption to serum uric acid concentrations in 2240 male self-defence officials who received a pre-retirement health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defence Forces between 1993 and 1994. The mean levels of coffee and green tea consumption were 2.3 and 3.1 cups/d respectively. There was a clear inverse relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid concentration. When adjusted for hospital only, those consuming less than one cup of coffee daily had a mean serum uric acid concentration of 60 mg/l, while that of those drinking five or more cups of coffee daily was 56 mg/l (P < 0.0001). No such relationship was observed for green tea, another major dietary source of caffeine in Japan. The relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid concentration was independent of age, rank in the Self-Defence Forces, BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, serum total cholesterol and serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations, smoking status, alcohol use, beer consumption and intake of dairy products. These findings suggest that coffee drinking may be associated with lower concentrations of serum uric acid, and further studies are needed to confirm the association.
Alcohol Drinking↗
In vivo studies on chiral inversion and amino acid conjugation of 2-[4-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)phenyl]propionic acid in rats and dogs.
The relationship between chiral inversion and stereoselective amino acid conjugation of a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, R, S-2-[4-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)phenyl]propionic acid (R,S-MTPPA) was investigated in rats and dogs. Only the S-enantiomer was found in plasma after oral administration of S-MTPPA to both species. In contrast, the R- and S-enantiomers were both detected after the dosing of R-MTPPA. In rats, the area under the curve of S-MTPPA in plasma was only 9% of that of R-MTPPA when R-MTPPA was dosed, whereas in dogs it was 2.5 times larger than that of the R-enantiomer. After administration of R-MTPPA, both enantiomers appeared in the urine. In rats, a small amount of S-enantiomer was found in the urine, whereas in the case of dogs the amount of the S-enantiomer was larger than that of the R-enantiomer. It appears that R-MTPPA is chirally inverted to S-MTPPA in both rats and dogs, although the extent of chiral inversion is greater in dogs than in rats. In dogs, the taurine conjugate was detected in plasma, urine and feces as a major metabolite after oral administration of either R- or S-MTPPA. In this case, only S-MTPPA-taurine was detected in the urine after the administration of S-MTPPA, and it was also the main component after administration of R-MTPPA.
Administration, Oral↗
Stereoselective determination of R,S-2-[4-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)phenyl]propionic acid and its taurine conjugates in dog urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the stereoselective determination of R,S-2-[4-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-phenyl]propionic acid (R,S-MTPPA), a new anti-inflammatory agent, and its taurine conjugates (R,S-MTPPA-TAU) in dog urine have been developed and validated. The urine samples were subjected to solid extraction or TLC preparation, then R,S-MTPPA and R,S-MTPPA-TAU were separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiral AGP columns, respectively, with ultraviolet absorbance detection at 272 nm. The dose-response relationships for enantiomers of R,S-MTPPA and R,S-MTPPA-TAU were linear in the concentration ranges of 0.5-50 (r>0.9993) and 5-200 microg/ml (r>0.9982), respectively. Recoveries of all tested enantiomers from dog urine were roughly 90% within the above concentration ranges. Intra- and inter-day reproducibilities were sufficient for metabolic studies. These methods were applied to stereoselective determination of the enantiomers in dog urine after administration of either S- or R-MTPPA.
Animals↗
Activity of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the Japan gemcitabine group (A) phase II study.
PURPOSE: This phase II study was conducted to determine the response and toxicity of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) in chemotherapy-naive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A group of 73 patients were entered into the study. The patients had received no previous chemotherapy and all had measurable disease. The initial starting dose of gemcitabine was 1000 mg/m2 per week x 3 followed by a week of rest, and was escalated for the next cycle to 1250 mg/m2, provided there were no signs of hematologic toxicity (WBC < 3000/microl and/or platelets < 70,000/microl) in the previous cycle. RESULTS: Among 73 eligible patients, there were 19 partial responses (PRs), with an overall response rate of 26.0% (95% confidence interval 16.5-37.6%). The response rate for stage IIIa and IIIb disease was significantly higher than that for stage IV disease [41.4% (12/29) vs 15.9% (7/44); P = 0.028]. The median duration of response in patients showing a PR was 4.6 months (1.7 10.4 months). The median number of cycles given was two per patient (range one to seven). Grade 3 anemia, leukopenia and neutropenia occurred in 15 patients (20.5%), 7 patients (9.6%) and 20 patients (27.4%), respectively. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia occurred in one patient (1.4%) which was not associated with any bleeding. There was no evidence of cumulative toxicity in the later courses of gemcitabine treatment with regard to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Other toxicities, including hepatic toxicity, fatigue, nausea/vomiting and fever were mild (grade 2 or less) and transient. One patient was withdrawn from the trial because of a rash. Pulmonary toxicity was experienced in two patients and one patient died of respiratory insufficiency which was thought to be drug-related. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine as a single agent has proven to be an active drug for NSCLC with a favorable, generally mild side-effect profile. Further trials in combination with other agents for this disease are currently underway.
Adult↗
Arginine vasopressin stimulates phospholipid methylation in cultured rat mesangial cells: possible role for PGE2 production.
Incorporation of [3H-methyl] groups into phospholipids and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in cultured rat mesangial cells were examined in the presence and absence of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In cells stimulated with AVP, a rapid increase in the incorporation of [3H-methyl] group into phospholipids was observed within 1 min after stimulation. The [3H-methyl] group present in the phospholipids began to decline 2.5 min after stimulation. The production of PGE2 increased with AVP treatment, and the decline in methylated phospholipids paralleled the release of PGE2 in AVP-stimulated cells. The inhibition of phospholipid methylation by treatment with adenosyl-S-isobutyl mercaptan (SIBA) resulted in a marked decrease in AVP-stimulated PGE2 production. In order to determine the identity of the methylated phospholipids, [3H-methyl] incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives was examined. In AVP-stimulated cells, an increase of [3H-methyl] labeled phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine was observed after stimulation with AVP, followed by an apparent increase of [3H-methyl] labeled lysophosphatidylcholine. These findings indicate that AVP stimulates phospholipid methylation in cultured rat mesangial cells and phosphatidylcholine, synthesized by a transmethylation pathway, may be a source for PGE2 production.
Animals↗
Glucose intolerance and adenomas of the sigmoid colon in Japanese men (Japan).
OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to investigate the relation between glucose tolerance and risk of sigmoid colon adenomas, a well-established precancerous lesion, in Japanese men. METHODS: In the consecutive series of 7,637 men aged 48 to 59 years who received a preretirement health examination at four hospitals of the Self Defense Forces (SDF) in Japan from 1986 to 1994, we identified 821 cases of sigmoid colon adenomas and 4,372 controls with normal sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy at 60 cm or more from the anus. Glucose tolerance status was classified as normal, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or diabetes mellitus under treatment, based on a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and medical history. Statistical adjustment was made for body mass index (wt/ht2), cigarette smoking, alcohol use, rank of the SDF, and hospital. RESULTS: Modest increases in adenoma risk were observed for newly diagnosed NIDDM and diabetes mellitus under treatment while there was no association between IGT and adenoma risk. When small (< 5 mm in diameter) and large (5+ mm) adenomas were analyzed separately, increased risk associated with newly diagnosed NIDDM was more pronounced for small adenomas, and diabetes mellitus under treatment showed a slightly stronger association with large adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that NIDDM is associated with modestly increased risk of sigmoid colon adenomas, and add to evidence that hyperinsulinemia increases colon cancer risk.
Adenoma↗
A phase II trial of combination of CPT-11 and cisplatin for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. CPT-11 Lung Cancer Study Group.
A phase I trial of the combination of irinotecan (CPT-11) with cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed a very promising response rate of 54% in previously untreated NSCLC patients. This study was conducted to confirm the activity and toxicities of CPT-11 and cisplatin combination for previously untreated NSCLC in a multi-institutional phase II study. Seventy patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC received CPT-11 60 mg m(-2) intravenously (i.v.) on days 1, 8 and 15, and cisplatin 80 mg m(-2) (i.v.) on day 1 every 4 weeks. Assessments were made of response, survival and toxicities. Sixty-nine were eligible, and evaluable for toxicities and survival, and 64 patients evaluable for response. Thirty-three patients (52%; 95% confidence interval 39-64%) achieved an objective response, with one complete response (2%) and 32 partial responses (50%). The median duration of response was 19 weeks and the overall median survival time was 44 weeks. The 1-year survival rate was 33%. The major toxic effects were leucopenia and diarrhoea. Grade 3 or 4 leucopenia, neutropenia, and diarrhoea occurred in 32 patients (46%), 53 patients (80%), and 13 patients (19%) respectively. A combination of CPT-11 and cisplatin is very effective against non-small-cell lung cancer with acceptable toxicities.
Adult↗
Inhibitory effects of YM175, a bisphosphonate, on the progression of experimental periodontitis in beagle dogs.
This study examined the efficacy of YM175 [disodium dihydrogen (cycloheptylamino) methylene-1, 1-bisphosphonate] in reducing alveolar bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis in beagle dogs. Thirty-six dogs were used and divided into 6 groups. Periodontitis was induced in 30 dogs (groups 2-6) by ligating the bilateral mandibular third and fourth premolar teeth with silk ligatures and by feeding a soft diet. Six dogs were sham-operated (group 1). Saline (placebo), flurbiprofen (0.02 mg/kg) and YM175 (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered to the dogs (groups 2-6) 5 d/wk for 25 wk. Radiographic and morphometric analyses were performed. In placebo-treated animals (group 2), the ligation caused a significant decrease in the alveolar bone height by 0.57 and 1.91 mm at 2 and 25 wk, respectively. YM175 (1.0 mg/kg) prevented the decrease in bone height by 47 and 31% at 2 and 25 wk. YM175 (0.1 mg/kg) and flurbiprofen tended to prevent bone loss after 15 wk. Although the ligation elicited no significant change in bone mineral density, it significantly decreased bone volume. YM175 (1.0 mg/kg) and flurbiprofen tended to increase the bone volume. The number of formative or resorptive Haversian canals and the bone turnover through the periosteal bone surface were increased by the ligation, indicating the increased turnover of the cortical bone. YM175 (1.0 mg/kg) reduced the increased bone turnover. The gingival index was maximally increased at 2 wk and was suppressed by YM175. These results suggest that YM175 prevents alveolar bone loss by reducing the increased alveolar bone turnover in dogs with periodontitis.
Alveolar Bone Loss↗
[The effects of improved diets on the daily intake of environmental contaminants as calculated from personal food consumption data, by Monte Carlo simulation].
In a previous paper, we discussed the Estimated Ecological Daily Intake (EEDI), which is a new method for the estimating daily intake of environmental contaminants based on individual food consumption data. This method makes it possible to identify high-risk cases, using a Monte Carlo simulation for varying contamination levels in each food item and permits epidemiological assessment of the individual, rather than the population, intake of environmental contaminants. We attempted to identify those contaminants whose maximum dietary levels were most commonly exceeded. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After a 1,000-fold extrapolation, performed for each person and contaminant, some cases exceeded allowable maximums in dieldrin, lead, cadmium, and total mercury. In dieldrin and lead intake, few cases exceeded dieldrin and lead maximums by a factor of 2 or 3, but in the cases of cadmium and total mercury, individual maximum intake was significantly exceeded. 2) After estimating a high-risk individual's times of exceeding the allowance in cadmium intake with dietary improvement, we found a 10.5% excess intake after 40% improvement. Clearly, the issue of environmental contaminants exposure due to dietary intake is a significant one.
Diet↗
New antifungal and cytotoxic steroidal saponins from the bulbs of an elephant garlic mutant.
Saponins in bulbs of a mutant of elephant garlic were investigated, and three new steroidal saponins named yayoisaponins A-C were obtained together with the known dioscin and aginoside. Their structures, including the relative stereochemistry, were elucidated by spectral data interpretation, while the absolute stereochemistry of the sugar moieties was assigned on the basis of a chiral gas chromatographic analysis of the acid hydrolysates. Yayoisaponins A-C and aginoside exhibited not only in vitro cytotoxicity against P388 cells at 2.1 micrograms/ml, but also antifungal activity against Mortierella ramanniana at 10 micrograms/disk.
Animals↗
Transient decrease in skin resistance response and level at the deh-chi stage caused by manual acupuncture.
Deh-chi is described as a kind of soreness, numbness, or heavy swelling in deep tissues during manual acupuncture. This finding is important in acupuncture therapy, although the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Skin resistance response (SRR) and skin resistance level (SRL) are expressed as a component of alternating current and direct current changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) respectively. In the present study, we recorded SRR and SRL, skin blood flow and perspiration simultaneously in an attempt to determine the relationship between skin sympathetic nerve activity and EDA at the deh-chi stage. We found that SRR, SRL and skin blood flow decrease, and that perspiration increases transiently at the deh-chi stage. Our findings indicate that manual acupuncture causes an increase in vasomotor and sudomotor activities, a decrease in skin blood flow, and increased perspiration. These SRR and SRL recordings may be taken as an indicator of deh-chi.
Acupuncture Points↗
Relationship of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, recreational exercise and obesity with serum lipid atherogenicity: a study of self-defense officials in Japan.
We investigated the relationship of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, recreational exercise and obesity with serum lipid atherogenicity because of paucity of epidemiological studies. The subjects were 2,228 male officials of the Self-Defense Forces in Japan, who were aged 49-55 years and received a preretirement health examination in the period from 1991 to 1992. A self-administered questionnaire was used to ascertain cigarette smoking, alcohol use and recreational exercise. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were increased with increasing levels of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and decreased with increasing levels of cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was positively associated with alcohol use and recreational exercise, and negatively associated with cigarette smoking, BMI and WHR. BMI and alcohol use were most strongly associated with both LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios with BMI in an atherogenic direction and alcohol use in an antiatherogenic direction. Recreational exercise was weakly associated with less atherogenic lipid profile. BMI was the strongest determinant of serum lipid atherogenicity whereas alcohol use was most antiatherogenic. WHR was less important than BMI in the determination of serum lipid atherogenicity in Japanese men.
Alcohol Drinking↗
[A clinical phase II trial of ulinastatin (MR-20) for nephrotoxicity of cisplatin].
UNLABELLED: MR-20 was administered to 37 lung cancer patients who presented with nephrotoxicity due to cisplatin (CDDP) treatment in an 11-institution cooperative trial during the period from September 1990 through March 1992 to study its suppressive effect on the nephrotoxicity as well as its safety. The results are reported in this paper. METHODS: MR-20 was administered at 3 daily doses, ie. 150,000, 300,000 and 600,000 units, in a nonblind manner. An efficacy rate of 27.3% was achieved in the group at 150,000 units; 44.4% in the group at 300,000 units; and 45.5% in the group at 600,000 units. Serum Cr levels remained significantly lower in the group at 300,000 units during the treatment period than in the screening period. No adverse reactions to MR-20 were observed. According to the above results, it was anticipated that MR-20 would suppress the nephrotoxicity of CDDP treatment and be safe, and that the drug at a dose of 300,000 units daily would be useful in suppressing the nephrotoxicity.
Adult↗
[A clinical phase III trial of ulinastatin (MR-20) for nephrotoxicity of cisplatin].
UNLABELLED: MR-20 was administered to 140 lung cancer patients who presented with nephrotoxicity due to cisplatin (CDDP) treatment at 59 institutions throughout Japan during the period from September 1992 through March 1994 to study its suppressive effect on the nephrotoxicity as well as its safety. The results are reported in this paper. METHODS: The efficacy and usefulness of MR-20 were studied in a placebo-controlled, double-blind manner. An efficacy rate of 58.7% was achieved in the MR-20 group, and 36.8% in the placebo group: MR-20 was significantly more effective for nephrotoxicity than placebo (U-test). Serum Cr, Ccr and FENa were prevented from significant variations in the MR-20 group, compared with the control group. It was considered that MR-20 is a safe drug, and that it is useful in suppressing the nephrotoxicity of CDDP treatment.
Adult↗