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Biomedical subjects

H Nishijima

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishijima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Plasma norepinephrine concentration and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in patients with congestive heart failure.

The relationship between plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity (DBH) was studied in 90 cardiac patients (New York Heart Association [NYHA] classes I-IV), 85 healthy control subjects and 18 competitive skiers. The cardiac patients in NYHA classes III and IV had significantly higher NE (p less than 0.001) and lower DBH (p less than 0.001) levels than the controls, whereas the skiers had significantly lower NE (p less than 0.001) and higher DBH (p less than 0.05) levels than the controls. Seven cardiac patients in whom successful cardiac surgery was performed had decreased NE (p less than 0.001) and increased DBH (p less than 0.02), as well as significantly improved NYHA cardiac status (p less than 0.001). These findings demonstrate an inverse relationship between NE and DBH in a population of athletes, normal subjects and cardiac patients; the same inverse relationship holds for these patients when sequential studies are done after a change in cardiac status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Determination of anaerobic threshold for assessment of functional state in patients with chronic heart failure.

The use of anaerobic threshold in assessment of aerobic capacity was evaluated in 34 normal subjects and 47 patients with various kinds of chronic heart disease. Anaerobic threshold was determined as the oxygen consumption (VO2) at which a linear relationship between pulmonary ventilation (VE) and VO2 was lost during progressive treadmill exercise. Anaerobic threshold determined in this manner was validated with that determined by blood lactate measurements in eight normal subjects and nine cardiac patients (r = .962, p less than .001). Thereafter, anaerobic threshold was determined only by respiratory measurements. In symptom-limited, maximal exercise, anaerobic threshold was reached well before maximal effort and corresponded to 70% of maximal VO2 both in normal subjects and cardiac patients. Anaerobic threshold decreased as age progressed in normal subjects (r = - .70, p less than .001). Anaerobic threshold in cardiac patients was lower than that in the normal subjects and decreased progressively as New York Heart Association functional classification advanced (normal, 32.95 +/- 6.17 ml/min/kg; class I, 22.78 +/- 3.74; class II, 16.99 +/- 3.66; class III, 12.97 +/- 2.76; p less than .01 between each group other than between class II and class III). Anaerobic threshold in cardiac patients correlated poorly with other objective indices, e.g., cardiomegaly (r = -.54, p less than .001) and rise in pulmonary wedge pressure (r = -.64, p less than .001). At anaerobic threshold, cardiac patients subjectively graded the work load as light (13%), light-to-moderate (27%), moderate (30%), and moderate-to-heavy (28%). Thus determination of anaerobic threshold by respiratory measurements is a safe, accurate, and objective method to measure aerobic capacity in cardiac patients and in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Periodic appearance of theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task.

The distinct theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task has been called Fm theta. In the present study, periodicity in the appearance of Fm theta was investigated. Thirty male university students were requested to perform the Uchida-Kraepelin test (a test of continuous arithmetic addition) for 5 min continuously after a 2 min practice and 5 min rest. EEGs were recorded monopolarly from disc electrodes placed on Fz and Cz during the whole procedure. A 5 min distribution diagram of appearance of Fm theta was defined according to our criteria. Fm theta appeared in 19 out of 30 subjects. The total appearance time of Fm theta in each subject showed no correlation either to the amount of performed task or to the number of errors. In the subjects who showed a relatively small amount of Fm theta, it tended to appear mainly at 6 points in the 5 min distribution diagram: about 20, 60, 100, 200, 240 and 290 sec after the beginning of calculation. In contrast, Fm theta was almost uniformly distributed in those who showed a larger amount of Fm theta. These results suggest that appearance of Fm theta shows individual differences and there might exist some periodicity of an attention mechanism in certain subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Long-term use of vasodilators in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)].

Three patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were studied for the acute and chronic hemodynamic effects of vasodilators using right heart catheterization, echocardiography and exercise tolerance test. All of the three were in congestive heart failure and were on digoxin and furosemide. Various vasodilators were used, which included isosorbide dinitrate, hydralazine, phentolamine and prazosin. Favorable acute hemodynamic effects were seen in all three. However, on continued use, all three showed evidence of tolerance to vasodilators by hemodynamic measurements. The first patient died in heart failure, complicated by pulmonary infarction. The second died suddenly after discharge from the hospital, while maintained in good control of the congestive heart failure. The third patient had recurrence of congestive heart failure after discharge, which was controled by the hospitalization and change to different vasodilator agents. Favorable hemodynamic effects were readily seen following vasodilators in patients with confestive cardiomyopathy. However, on chronic use some tolerance to the agents was observed. This needs to be investigated as to the mechanism so these agents can be more effectively utilized in these patients who are usually resistant to the conventional mode of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gastric motility after selective proximal vagotomy.

Effects of vagotomy on gastric motor activity were studied on 39 patients after vagotomy for gastric or duodenal ulcer by fluoroscopic examination and by monitoring of intragastric pressure using a balloon introduced into the stomach. These patients were divided into three groups according to types of vagotomy; selective proximal vagotomy (SPV), selective vagotomy (SV) and atypical selective proximal vagotomy. In atypical SPV, dorsal antral branches of vagal gastric nerves were sacrificed in addition to conventional SPV because of local conditions around the ulcer. In patients after SPV or atypical SPV, no gastric stasis was observed on fluoroscopic examination. However, marked gastric stasis with delayed emptying was a constant finding in patients after SV, especially at the early postoperative period. In recording of intragastric pressure, basic peristaltic waves of a 20-second rhythm were observed following inflation of the balloon in all patients after any type of vagotomy. In addition, an alternation of active and resting periods of motor activity and confluence of large waves at the end of active period were observed as characteristoc findings in patients after both SPV and atypical SPV. The large waves were considered to coincide with active propulsive movements seen on fluoroscopy in these patients. The results in this study confirmed that good gastric motility could be preserved in patients after SPV and even after atypical SPV.

Adolescent↗