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Biomedical subjects

H Nishigaki

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishigaki.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Chromosomal abnormalities define clonal proliferation in CD3- large granular lymphocyte leukemia.

Six patients with lymphoproliferative disorder of large granular lymphocytes (LDGL) were studied for chromosomal abnormalities. When the patients were divided into two groups depending on the expression of a mature antigen of T cell lineage, CD3, two with CD3+ phenotype had a stable disease, whereas three of the four patients with CD3- phenotype had marked hepatosplenomegaly and a highly aggressive disease. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in four of six patients, indicating a clonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes in individual patients. In particular, chromosomal abnormalities were found in three of the four patients with CD3- LDGL, all of which had a germ-line configuration of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene. Thus, the chromosomal abnormalities provide definitive evidence for the clonal origin of the expanded cells in the CD3- LDGL.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Long arm deletion of chromosome 7 unrelated to original karyotype in recurrent t(8;21) acute myeloblastic leukemia.

We describe a chromosomal abnormality, 7q-, unrelated to the original karyotype in a patient with recurrent t(8;21) acute myeloblastic leukemia. The 7q-, del(7)(q22q34), was seen in otherwise karyotypically normal cells. Cyclophosphamide was administered for 5 months during the maintenance therapy. Our observations indicate that unrelated karyotypes, besides karyotypic evolution, may be implicated in tumor cell heterogeneity and may support the previous documentation of a possibly causal relationship between chemotherapy and development of 7q-. A larger study will be required to elucidate the biologic significance, if any, of the unrelated karyotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of an acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB M1) with Klinefelter's syndrome].

Reported is the second documented case in Japan of acute leukemia with Klinefelter's syndrome. The patient, a 52-year-old male, was admitted to hospital on July 9, 1983, after complaining of a fever and general malaise. The hematological examinations revealed a WBC count of 14,300/cmm with 32% being leukemic cells. Bone marrow aspiration disclosed a nucleated cell count of 687,000/cmm with 41.6% being leukemic cells consisting of myeloblasts. The endocrinic laboratory data showed a high level of urine gonadotropin and chromosomal studies revealed a 47,XXY karyotype. A diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (M1) with Klinefelter's syndrome thus was derived from these findings.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam of severe infections in leukemia and related disorders].

Cefuzonam (CZON) which has a broad spectrum on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in severe infections associated with hematological disorders. Sixty five patients were treated with CZON. Among them, 56 patients were evaluable for effectiveness. Nine patients were not evaluable because 3 patients were treated with combination of other antibiotics such as ceftizoxime, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, 1 patient was subjected to additional therapy of G-CSF and gamma-globulin, 4 were the patients with other disease than hematologic disorder (3 malignant mesotheliomas, 1 ovarian cancer), and the remaining one was prophylactically treated. Excellent responses were observed in 21 (37.5%) patients, good responses in 11 (19.6%) patients, with an overall efficacy rate of 57.1%. The efficacy rate in septic patients was 80% (4/5), and that in patient whose peripheral granulocytes were continuously below 100/microliters was 60% (3/5). Three patients who suffered from malignant mesothelioma, one patient who suffered from ovarian cancer, one patient who was treated prophylactically were included in the final evaluation of side effects. Side effects were observed in 2 patients (2/61, 3.3%). In a patient of 7 years, mild liver disfunction (GOT/GPT, 46/55) was found in 10 days after CZON treatment was started. In a patient of 65 years, mild appetite loss was identified in 2 days after CZON administration was begun. The liver disfunction was improved soon after the cessation of the treatment. The mild appetite loss disappeared while the treatment was continued. These results showed that CZON was an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of breakpoint within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) in chronic myelogenous leukemia with a complex Philadelphia chromosome translocation.

We analyzed, by Southern blot hybridization, the site of breakpoint within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) in six patients with a complex Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) translocation and in 23 unselected patients with a standard Ph. The breakpoint was found within the 5.8 kb bcr in all 29 patients. When the bcr was subdivided into four parts, fragments I-IV, based on the restriction enzyme sites, among the six patients with a complex Ph, two had a breakpoint at fragment I, three at fragment II, and one at fragment III. This distribution of breakpoints in patients with a complex Ph did not differ significantly from that in patients with a standard Ph. A deletion of an allele within the bcr was found in three patients (50%) with a complex Ph and in three (13%) with a standard Ph. The internal bcr deletion may be more common in patients with a complex Ph.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Rejoining between 9q+ and Philadelphia chromosomes results in normal-looking chromosomes 9 and 22 in Ph1-negative chronic myelocytic leukemia.

Rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) and the chromosomal location of c-abl and 3'-bcr were studied in two patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-negative chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). One patient (patient 1) had a normal karyotype and the other (patient 2), 46,XY,inv(3)(q21q26). Both patients showed the bcr rearrangement by Southern blot analysis with a 1.2kb 3'-bcr probe. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated the location of the homologous sequences of bcr on chromosome 22 in patient 1, and on chromosomes 9 and 22 in patient 2. These findings indicate that the morphologically normal-looking chromosomes 9 and 22 in patient 2 are the result of a retranslocation between chromosomes 9q+ and 22q-, abnormalities which were first formed by a standard Ph1 translocation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Simultaneous existence of double minute chromosomes and a homogeneously staining region in a retinoblastoma cell line (Y79) and amplification of N-myc at HSR.

We observed double minute chromosomes (dmin) and a homogeneously staining region (HSR) in the same metaphase cells obtained from a retinoblastoma cell line, Y79. All of the 132 metaphases examined contained an HSR on the short arm of chromosome 1(1pHSR) and five cells (3.8%) had two to four dmin. To determine whether 1pHSR and dmin carried amplified N-myc sequences, we performed an in situ hybridization using an N-myc probe. Silver grains clustered on and along the 1pHSR, but not on the dmin. These findings indicate that the HSR on chromosome 1 is associated with amplification of N-myc in Y79 cells.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

Myelodysplastic syndrome preceding acute myelomonocytic leukemia with dysplastic marrow eosinophilia and inv(16).

A 44-year-old Japanese male having refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) preceding acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) with dysplastic marrow eosinophilia (M4Eo in the FAB classification) is reported. Sequential cytogenetic studies revealed a specific chromosomal abnormality, inv(16) (p13q22), when RAEB was first diagnosed and again when overt leukemic transformation compatible with M4Eo was manifested. However, during the interval between the RAEB and AMMoL, an unrelated abnormal karyotype without inv(16), 47,XY,+9, was seen, when hematological data revealed remission after a low dose of cytosine arabinoside was administered. In this patient eosinophils in the marrow were involved in the leukemic process cytogenetically, because a few metaphases overlaid with eosinophilic granules had the inv(16) with other numerical abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and cytogenetic features in six patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and a complex Philadelphia translocation.

Six patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and a complex Philadelphia (Ph1) translocation are described. The complex Ph1 translocations were a three-way translocation in five patients and a five-way translocation in one. Additional chromosomal aberrations were detected in four of five patients when the blastic crisis supervened. The median survival time was 42 months. The remaining patient died of acute myocardial infarction 23.5 months after the diagnosis of CML was made. There seems no difference between these six patients and those with the standard Ph1 with respect to clinical, hematologic and cytogenetic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of a combination treatment with cefbuperazone and amikacin in infections complicating with hematological disorders].

The efficacy and the safety of a combination regimen using cefbuperazone (CBPZ) and amikacin (AMK) were evaluated in severe infections in patients with hematological diseases. Twenty two patients were subjected to this combination therapy; among these, 18 patients were evaluable for the effectiveness. They included 9 cases of leukemia, 5 cases of malignant lymphoma, 2 cases of aplastic anemia, and 2 cases of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia. Excellent responses were obtained in 5 patients and good responses in 5 patients, with a total effectiveness of 55.6%. Efficacy rates for individual types of infections were; 2/2 in sepsis, 6/14, or 42.9% in suspected sepsis, 1/1 in urinary tract infection, and and 1/1 in upper respiratory infection. The combination treatment was also effective in 4 of 6 cases in which neutrophil counts were less than 500/mm3 prior to therapy. Side effects were observed in only one patient. Mild proteinuria occurred in a 80-year-old male in 6 days after the regimen was started, but was not serious. These results indicate that a combination of CBPZ and AMK is safe and effective for the treatment of infections even in patients with compromised immunodefenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide for infections in leukemia and related disorders].

Forty one patients with infections associated with leukemia and related disorders were treated with cefpiramide (CPM). In 26 patients among them, we were able to evaluate the effectiveness of CPM against infections. Fifteen patients were not evaluated, because 6 patients were subjected to additional therapy such as gamma-globulin and other antibiotics, 5 were prophylactically treated, 2 had fever episode which were retrospectively reviewed to be originated from tumor mass, 1 received too short a duration of administration of CPM (2 days) to evaluate its effectiveness, and 1 with whom no precise data were recorded. Excellent responses were observed in 10 patients (38.5%) and good responses in 6 (23.1%) among these 26, with a total efficacy rate of 61.5%. Whereas, we found only one patient who showed an unfavorable side effect out of 31 patients including the 26 and 5 other patients who were prophylactically treated. The side effect observed was a mild bleeding tendency occurred in 77 years old female at 11 days after CPM was administrated. The bleeding tendency was easily diminished with the cessation of CPM treatment and a parenteral use of vitamin K. These results suggest that CPM is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of infections in patients with leukemia and related disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of a combination therapy with aztreonam and clindamycin for severe infections in leukemia and related disorders].

A combination of aztreonam (AZT) and clindamycin (CLDM) was evaluated for severe infections associated with leukemia and related disorders. AZT is a monobactam antibiotic which has strong bactericidal effect against Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CLDM which has strong antibacterial spectrum against Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, was chosen as a partner of AZT in order to complement the weak points of AZT. Fifty six patients were treated with the combination therapy. Among them, 51 patients were evaluable for the effectiveness. Five patients were excluded from the evaluation because 3 patients were subjected to additional therapy with other agents such as amikacin, miconazole and pulse therapy of a large dose of methylprednisolone, one had a fever episode apparently due to primary disease, and the remaining one was discontinued of the combination therapy of administration due to mild nausea after 3 days. Excellent responses were obtained in 17 (33.3%) patients and good responses in 20 (39.2%) patients, with a total rate of effectiveness of 72.5%. One patient with whom the combination therapy was stopped due to nausea, was included in the final evaluation of side effects. Side effects were observed in 2 patients of 50 and 40 years of ages (2/52, 3.8%), both of whom suffered with nausea. In the 50 years patient of acute myeloblastic leukemia, nausea occurred in a slight degree in 3 hours after the combined regimen was started. But, it disappeared during the continuation of the combination therapy. In the 40 years patient of acute myelomonocytic leukemia, mild nausea occurred after 3 day administration of the combined regimen. It disappeared soon after the cessation of the treatment. These results indicated that a combination of AZT and CLDM was an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Detection of karyotypic abnormalities in most patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia by adding ethidium bromide to short-term cultures.

A modified short-term culture method, in which cultured bone marrow cells were treated with ethidium bromide to prevent chromosome condensation was used to study the chromosomes of 70 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were detected in 60 patients. Among these, 35 patients showed one of recurrent type specific alterations. A close relationship between karyotypes and clinical outcome was shown: thus, t(8;21) or a single miscellaneous chromosomal defect associated with a favourable prognosis whereas t(9;11) or a complex karyotype related to a poor prognosis. The ten cytogenetically normal patients did not appear to have a favourable prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cytogenetic evidence of clonal proliferation of leukemic progenitor cells from patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

We have studied in-vitro growth of leukemic progenitor cells (L-CFU) in ten patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). All patients showed consistently an extraordinarily high incidence of cluster formation under the stimulation of human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) and/or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). Cytogenetic analyses of clusters or colonies disclosed the presence of a 15;17 translocation. These findings may represent the close relationship between specific chromosomal aberration, t(15;17), and the growth pattern of L-CFU of APL in vitro.

Adult↗