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Biomedical subjects

H Ninomiya

Publications and source records attributed to H Ninomiya.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Adaptation of visually guided behavior during reversed vision in schizophrenia: a preliminary study.

This preliminary study evaluated the adaptation of visually guided behavior to reversed vision in schizophrenia. The study included 54 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia. Visuomotor reaction times (VRTs) during reversed vision were measured in six blocks of 35 consecutive trials. The VRTs of schizophrenics were compared with those of normal subjects. A good fit (R2 = 0.9981) for the adaptation process of VRTs during reversed vision was found with the equation y = 1030 + 1499/x, where x is the order of the block and y is the group mean VRT for each block. The VRTs in schizophrenics were significantly slower than those in normal subjects. However, the adaptation process to reversed vision essentially did not differ from normal. The adaptation of visually guided behavior during reversed vision may involve procedural learning; this task may thus be useful in evaluating such learning. The VRTs during reversed vision may be related to some aspects of symptoms in the patient with schizophrenia and may also be useful in predicting clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[One stage operation for aneurysm of the diverticulum of the ductus arteriosus and coronary artery bypass grafting].

Aneurysm of the diverticulum of the ductus arteriosus in the adult is rare. One stage operation for aneurysm of the diverticulum of the ductus arteriosis and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is reported. A 61-year-old man was admitted for diagnosis of thoracic aneurysm on chest X-ray and CT. Chest CT scan showed an aneurysm above the left main pulmonary artery. An aortography showed the left vertebral artery originated directly from the aortic arch and a saccular aneurysm arising from the aortic isthmus and lesser curvature of the aortic arch. Coronary arteriography showed 75% stenosis at the right coronary artery (seg. #1) and 75% stenosis at the left anterior descending artery. Operation was performed through a median sternotomy. The aneurysm of 6 to 3 cm was located between the aortic isthmus and left pulmonary artery. Ascending aorta and right atrium were used to institute cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CABG (LITA to #7, SVG to #4 PD) was performed. Arterial cannulation was then switched to the left femoral artery. The proximal aorta was cross-clamped between the left vertebral artery and the left subclavian artery under the partial CPB, and the distal aorta was occluded with a occulusive balloon catheter via the right femoral artery. The selective left axillar artery cannulation was performed to perfuse LITA. The aneurysm was resected and closed with a patch. His post-operative course was uneventful.

Aortic Aneurysm↗
PubMed1998

Iodine-induced hypothyroidism as a result of excessive intake of confectionery made with tangle weed, Kombu, used as a low calorie food during a bulimic period in a patient with anorexia nervosa.

A 20-year-old Japanese female anorectic patient developed primary hypothyroidism associated with generalized edema because of excessive daily intake (40 to 50 g) of confectionery made with tangle weed, Kombu, which she substituted to food during bulimic periods; TSH 60.35 mcU/ml, free T3 1.19 pg/ml, and free T4 0.48 ng/dl, and her weight increased by 12 kg to 45 kg over 4 months. After withdrawal of Kombu her thyroid function returned to normal, and her weight decreased by 7 kg to 38 kg along with disappearance of edema. In conclusion, the physician noticed that susceptible anorectic patients may sometime develop hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism because of excessive iodine intake of sea-weed confectionery as a substitute of high calorie cakes during bulimic period.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of null-cell type with multiple bone involvement.

A 21-year-old man who had anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) of the null-cell type with multiple bone involvement is reported. On admission, he had symptoms of incomplete paraplegia and urinary and rectal incontinence. Workup studies for staging revealed para-aortic lymph node swellings and multiple bone involvement including skull, ribs, left iliac bone, and thoracic/lumbar spine. Because paraplegia was rapidly progressive, a decompression operation was performed. The biopsy specimen obtained from the lumbar spine revealed sheetlike proliferation of anaplastic large cells. These cells were positive for CD30 (Ki-1), EMA, vimentin, and p80NPM/ALK, and negative for CD3, CD20 (L26), and CD45 (LCA). Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs were not detectable in these cells. Thus, the patient was diagnosed as having ALCL of the null-cell type. He was treated with several courses of combination chemotherapy, and finally with total body irradiation plus high-dose chemotherapy supported by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. However, soon after the treatment, the lymphoma cells massively infiltrated his bone marrow. He died of lymphoma 8 months after admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A comparative study of epithelialization of subcutaneous fascial flaps and muscle-only flaps in the oral cavity. A rabbit model.

Epithelialization of subcutaneous fascial flaps and muscle-only flaps used for reconstruction of the oral mucosa were studied in a rabbit model. Angiography was performed to help to design a subcutaneous cervical fascial flap and a cleidomastoid muscle-only flap. These flaps were transferred into a mucoperiosteal defect on the mandibular alveolus. The flaps were gradually infiltrated by acute inflammatory cells from the periphery and then replaced by granulation tissue originating from the oral mucosa. The epithelialization was by secondary intention. An epithelial tongue from the surrounding epithelium migrated onto the granulating flaps with eventual coverage after three weeks. After two months, the muscle-only flap was covered by a poorly organized epithelium, different from the highly uniform epithelium in the fascial flap. The granulation tissue which replaced the muscle-only flap matured to fibrous tissue, associated with severe contraction. This was characterized by dense regular collagen fibers, no elastic fibers, and few capillaries, while the fibrous tissue which replaced the fascial flap was characterized by random collagen and elastic fiber morphology and numerous dilated blood vessels, and was associated with mild contraction. This experiment supports the view that the different extracellular matrices of these flaps may play a role in epithelial configuration and contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Posttranslational modifications of endothelin receptor type B.

Endothelin receptor type B (ETb) is one of the two ET receptor subtypes, both of which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The primary amino acid sequence of ETb, published in 1990, predicted potential posttranslational modifications of the receptor protein, and in the last couple of years, we and others presented direct experimental evidence for palmitoylation and phosphorylation of ETb. Functional evaluation of both substitution and deletion mutants indicated a negative role on the part of these modifications in the ligand binding capacities and cellular sequestrations of the receptors. At least one of them, palmitoylation, however, appears to be critically involved in the coupling with G proteins.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Norepinephrine-augmenting lipolytic effectors from Astilbe thunbergii rhizomes.

An EtOAc-soluble fraction from a 80% Me2CO extract of the rhizomes of Astilbe thunbergii enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in rat fat cells, while an EtOAc-insoluble fraction had no effect. The active substances isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the rhizomes were identified as eucryphin (1), bergenin (2), and astilbin (3), which enhanced norepinephrine-induced lipolysis at concentrations of 10-1000 microgram/mL, while they themselves did not cause lipolysis. Furthermore, these compounds slightly stimulated adrenocorticotrophic hormone-induced lipolysis and inhibited insulin-induced lipogenesis from glucose.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1998

Serum thrombopoietin level is mainly regulated by megakaryocyte mass rather than platelet mass in human subjects.

A patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) developed T-cell lymphoma while undergoing steroid therapy. We examined the relationship between the patient's serum thrombopoietin (Tpo) level, platelet count, megakaryocyte number and CFU-Meg number during the second 5 d course of chemotherapy for lymphoma in which megakaryopoiesis switched from ITP phase to amegakaryocytic phase. The patient's platelet count was temporarily elevated but CFU-Meg numbers were markedly suppressed, and megakaryocyte numbers were decreased in this period, whereas serum Tpo level was not suppressed despite an increased platelet count, indicating that serum Tpo level is mainly regulated by megakaryocyte mass.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

Activin-treated ectoderm has complete organizing center activity in Cynops embryos.

The differentiation and organizer activity of newt ectoderm treated with activin A was studied in explantation and transplantation experiments. In the explantation experiments, ectoderm dissected from late morulae-early gastrulae stage embryos treated with a high concentration of activin A (100 ng/mL) formed only yolk-rich endodermal cells. Mesodermal tissues, such as notochord and muscle, were seldom found in these explants. When they were transplanted into the blastocoele of other early gastrulae, they formed part of the endoderm of the host embryo and induced a secondary axis with only posterior characters (including axial mesoderm and neural tissues). In contrast, whole secondary axes were induced when activin-treated ectoderm was transplanted into the ventral marginal zone (VMZ) of early blastulae. The transplanted pieces invaginated by themselves and differentiated into foregut structures including pharynx, stomach, and liver. These phenomena were also observed in experiments in which presumptive foregut was used instead of activin-treated ectoderm. These findings show that activin-treated ectoderm can act as the complete organizing center in Cynops.

Activins↗
PubMed1998

P300 in response to the subject's own face.

The P300 event-related potentials in response to self-relevant stimuli has been reported to be different from those to non-target stimuli under a passive attention condition. In the present study the P300 in response to the subject's own face was examined. Twelve right-handed volunteers served as subjects. In two separate conditions, deviant (subject's own face and red square; 30%), non-target (two unfamiliar faces; 30% each), and target (famous face; 10%) stimuli were randomly presented on a computer screen. P300 amplitudes in response to the red square were larger than those to the unfamiliar faces, but were significantly lower than those to the subject's own face. The subject's own face in normal population may have an intense relevance to the subjects which has an additional effect over the simple orienting response.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A peritoneal marker for optimal timing of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt revision in early childhood.

The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placed in a neonate or infant needs revision to lengthen the peritoneal tube at certain times during childhood. The critical time for this revision is not exactly the same between individuals. Furthermore, the level of peritoneal insertion of the shunt tube is often unclear on x-ray films. To plan for and determine the optimal timing of revision, we applied a titanium clip on the peritoneal suture line in three infants as a marker of peritoneal insertion level. During the 31- to 37-month follow-up period, abdominal x-ray clearly demonstrated the peritoneal insertion level in all three patients, allowing accurate determination of the length of the intraperitoneal portion (i.p.) of the shunt tube. The rate of shortening of the length of i.p was 20 to 27% of the increase in body height (BH). This technique allows accurate determination of the length of i.p. and also optimal timing for revision.

Body Height↗
PubMed1998

Translucence stereoscopy of interictal magnetoencephalographic epileptiform discharge.

We have developed a translucence stereoscopy method for displaying the distribution of multiple interictal epileptiform discharges within the intracranial space. The epileptiform discharges, measured using a whole-head magnetoencephalography system, were modeled by a least-squares method to obtain the equivalent current dipoles. The dipoles were located in the stereo pair of intracranial images composed of translucent brain slices at several selected levels. The technique demonstrated clearly the distribution of interictal dipoles within the brain in three patients. Three dimensional understanding of the intracranial distribution of multiple dipoles in one image is valuable in analyzing the intracerebral neurophysiological events in epileptic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Chromosomal losses and gains in meningiomas: comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study of the whole genome.

We investigated chromosomal aberrations in meningiomas using newly developed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technique and compared the results with the proliferating potential of the tumors. This technique permits the entire genome to be surveyed in one session of experiments. Our results revealed chromosomal aberrations in 5 out of 10 (50%) of the tumor samples studied. Losses of the distal parts of chromosome 1p (5 out of 10) and 22q (3 out of 10) were the two most frequent chromosomal aberrations. Losses and/or gains in other regions were only sporadic. The MIB-1 staining indices (MIB-SI, %) were 1.9 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SD) in benign (n = 8), 4.5% in atypical (n = 1), and 11.7% in anaplastic (n = 1) meningiomas. The comparison of MIB-SI between the tumors with (2.3 +/- 0.6%) and without (1.6 +/- 0.3%) chromosomal aberrations demonstrated a trend towards an increased MIB-SI in meningiomas with chromosomal aberrations (p < 0.07) by unpaired Student's t-test. This study suggests that alterations in chromosomes 1p and 22q could be a primary focus of further detailed assessment of tumorigenesis and in understanding the biological behavior of meningiomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cysteine residues in the carboxyl terminal domain of the endothelin-B receptor are required for coupling with G-proteins.

We demonstrate that the human endothelin-B (ETB) receptor incorporates [3H]palmitic acid. Mutation of three putative palmitoylated cysteine residues (amino acids 402, 403 and 405) in the carboxyl terminus into serine residues (C2/3/5S) completely prevented palmitoylation of ETB. When expressed in CHO cells, C2/3/5S was localized on the cell surface, retained high affinity for ET-1 and ET-3, and was rapidly internalized when bound to the ligand. However, unlike the wild-type ETB, C2/3/5S transmitted neither an inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase nor a stimulatory effect on phospholipase C, indicating a critical role of palmitoylation in the coupling with G-proteins, regardless of the G-protein subtype. Truncation of the carboxyl terminus, including all or a part of the three cysteine residues, gave palmitoylation-negative and -positive deletion mutants, delta 402 and delta 403. Despite the absence of the cytoplasmic tail, both delta 402 and delta 403 showed essentially the same features as C2/3/5S, except that delta 403 did transmit a stimulatory effect on phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-insensitive G-protein, most likely a member(s) of the Gq family. These results indicated a differential requirement for the carboxyl terminus downstream from the palmitoylation site in the coupling with G-protein subtypes, i.e., it is required for the coupling with Gi but not for that with Gq.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 on phenytoin metabolism in Japanese adult patients with epilepsy: studies in stereoselective hydroxylation and population pharmacokinetics.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and 2C19 on the metabolism of phenytoin (PHT). In addition, a population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. METHODS: The genotype of CYP2C9 (Arg144/Cys, Ile359/Leu) and CYP2C19(*1, *2 or *3) in 134 Japanese adult patients with epilepsy treated with PHT were determined, and their serum concentrations of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) enantiomers, being major metabolites of PHT, were measured. A population pharmacokinetic analysis (NONMEM analysis) was performed to evaluate whether genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9/19 affects the clinical use of PHT by using the 336 dose-serum concentration data. RESULTS: The mean maximal elimination rate (Vmax) was 42% lower in the heterozygote for Leu359 allele in CYP2C9, and the mean Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) in the heterozygous extensive metabolizers and the poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 were 22 and 54%, respectively, higher than those without the mutations in CYP2C9/19 genes. (R)- and (S)-p-HPPH/PHT ratios were lower in patients with mutations in CYP2C9 or CYP2C19 gene than those in patients without mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Although the hydroxylation capacity of PHT was impaired with mutations of CYP2C9/19, the impairment was greater for CYP2C9. In view of the clinical use of PHT, two important conclusions were derived from this population study. First, the serum PHT concentration in patients with the Leu359 allele in CYP2C9 would increase dramatically even at lower daily doses. Second, the patients with CYP2C19 mutations should be treated carefully at higher daily doses of PHT.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of growth potential by MIB-1 immunohistochemistry in ameloblastic fibroma and related lesions of the jaws compared with ameloblastic fibrosarcoma.

Specimens from two ameloblastic fibromas (including one recurrent case), two ameloblastic fibro-odontomas, and one ameloblastic fibrosarcoma were subjected to investigation by MIB-1 immunohistochemistry in order to elucidate the growth potential of these tumors. MIB-1 labeling indices in the epithelial component of these tumors ranged from 2.9 to 7.5%, whereas those in the mesenchymal component ranged from 1.5 to 13.5%. Of these, labeling indices in the mesenchymal component of the recurrent ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic fibrosarcoma were quite high. These findings suggest that evaluation of growth potential in ameloblastic fibroma and related lesions could be of help in understanding tumor aggressiveness and in selecting appropriate surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Inhaled nitric oxide in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to valvular heart disease and chronic lung disease.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thirty patients with valvular heart diseases (n=8, group A), chronic lung diseases (n=16, group B), primary PH or PH due to collagen disease (n=6, group C) were studied. NO was delivered for 20 min at concentration of 5, 10, and 20 ppm in spontaneous respiration. After inhalation, percentages of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (%SPAP) levels in group A were significantly decreased compared with those for pre-inhalation by 12%, 14%, and 14% at 5, 10 and 20 ppm, respectively (p<0.05). In group B, %SPAP also significantly decreased by 7, 10, and 14% at 5, 10, and 20 ppm, respectively (p<0.05). However, inhaled NO did not significantly affect %SPAP in group C (p=0.4). There was no significant difference in gas exchange in any of the groups. However, 4 out of 8 patients in group A and 10 out of 16 patients in group B showed decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen in response to inhaled NO. This study demonstrated that inhaled NO is a selective pulmonary vasodilator in decreasing pulmonary artery pressure (PAP); however, the reaction was different in line with the background disease cause of PH. NO inhalation was most effective on patients with moderate PAP. Furthermore, higher concentrations of NO would be risky in some patients with chronic PH.

Administration, Inhalation↗