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H Nihei

Publications and source records attributed to H Nihei.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The role of novel 30-kD protein in human podocytes: special relevance to proteinuria in glomerulonephritis.

A new monoclonal antibody (MAb) was raised against human glomerular components to investigate the possible existence of glomerular antigens reflecting cellular adaptation in glomerulonephritis. The MAb recognized a podocyte antigen as well as those expressed on renal arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells by indirect immunofluorescence. An additional, but weaker immunoreaction was found in epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule. This MAb recognized a 30-kD protein on western blotting of glomerular extracts under non-reducing and reducing conditions. Immunoperoxidase electron microscopy revealed that this antigen is present within the cytoplasm, but not on the cell membrane of the podocytes. Moreover, the antigen was found to be reduced in the glomeruli of patients with minimal change glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that the 30-kD protein is a novel protein, which we hypothesize is involved in maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the podocytes. In addition, reduced expression of the 30-kD protein in the podocytes may be related to the increasing proteinuria in minimal change glomerulonephritis.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1993

[Maintenance therapy on the anemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients using subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin fortnightly--a multicenter trial].

Eighty-seven CAPD patients whose hematocrit (Ht) level was maintained by recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) were enrolled in this trial for a new formulation of rHuEPO suitable for subcutaneous injection. 6000IU rHuEPO was administered every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Fortnightly doses were increased to 9000IU or 12000IU at 4 or 6 weeks if the Ht level decreased by 2% or more. During the study period, Ht values were maintained at the appropriate level in 88% of patients. 6000IU or lower was selected as a maintenance dose given every 2 weeks in 57 (76.0%) patients, 9000IU was selected in 8 patients and 12000IU was chosen in one patient. In 9 patients, the Ht could not be maintained during the study and the appropriate dose, therefore, remained unclear. Hypertension was observed in 2 patients as a side effect, and headache occurred in 2 other patients during the trial. Cutaneous abnormalities were not observed in the course of the subcutaneous injections. We conclude that anemia in most CAPD patients could be controlled with fortnightly injections in the dose range of 6000 to 12000IU rHuEPO given subcutaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of the glomerular endothelial cell in culture.

Because of difficulties associated with the culture, cloning and propagation of glomerular endothelial cells (GENs), the biological properties of these cells remain largely unknown. We modified the methods established by Ballermann to propagate GENs from adult bovine kidney. We found that the addition of insulin, transferrin and selenium into the standard culture media was an important step in promoting the propagation of the first clone from a single cell and in maintaining the viability of the cells. These cells expressed factor VIII-related antigen and took up acetylated-LDL, but did not contain the Weibel-Palade body, unlike endothelial cells derived from large vessels. Furthermore, GENs were compared with aortic endothelial cells (AECs) to investigate the differences in culture conditions. Compared with AECs, GENs required a higher concentration of serum and the supplementation of growth factor to maintain their biological activity. In addition, GENs were very susceptible to trypsinization and produced prostaglandin E2 as a major cyclooxygenase product, whereas AECs produced PGI2. These findings suggest that GENs will be easily obtained from adult bovine kidney in culture and provide useful information on the functional properties of these cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Success of cyclosporine therapy in two patients with PSS].

Two PSS patients, unresponsive to D-penicillamine, steroid, cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange therapy, were treated with cyclosporine. One patient complained scleroderma, dysphagia and dyspnea during movement after treatment with steroid, plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide. He showed a increased Leu3a/2a ratio (6.72). About 3 months after treatment with cyclosporine, these complain decreased with normalization of elevated Leu 3 a/2 a ratio. 1 year after treatment, %DLco increased 86% from 50% and pneumonitis findings of chest X-ray and chest CT were also improved. Another patient who complained Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma which had extended over his abdomen despite treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide. 1 month after treatment with cyclosporine, improvement of these phenomenon were recognized. It is concluded that cyclosporine can be an effective agent in the treatment of PSS.

Cyclosporine↗
PubMed1993

[Role of glomerular mesangial cells in the regulation of glomerular endothelial cell growth].

Because of difficulties of propagating and cultivating glomerular endothelial cells (GEN), the role of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) in the regulation of GEN growth is still unknown. We cloned individually GEN and GMC from the same adult bovine kidneys, and a direct coculture system was established to examine the interactions between GEN and GMC. When cocultured with GMC which was growth arrested by mitomycin C, the GEN growth was inhibited by 63% after 8 days of the beginning of coculture. No inhibitory activity was detected when media conditioned by individual culture of GMC. In contrast, media conditioned by GEN cocultured with GMC inhibited bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake of GEN detected by flow cytometry. Addition of anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta antibody to media conditioned by coculture blocked the inhibitory actions of conditioned media on GEN growth. Western blotting analysis of conditioned media by coculture revealed an existence of TGF-beta in the media. These results indicate that latent TGF-beta is produced by these cells and activated in coculture of GEN and GMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Acute aneurysm surgery and the Glasgow Coma Scale: relationship with 6-month outcome].

A series of 610 patients who had aneurysm surgery within 7 days of the hemorrhage were analyzed as to the relationship between the preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and the outcome assessed by using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months after surgery. The patient distribution in accordance with the GCS scores in descending order from 15 to 3 was as follows: 265, 109, 44, 24, 17, 20, 25, 15, 18, 12, 16, 23, and 22 cases, respectively. In general, the larger the GCS score, the better the outcome. Thus, the overall results proved to be significantly correlated with the GCS score prior to surgery (r = 0.608, P < 0.01). As for demarcation levels along the GCS axis in terms of the GOS, a significant difference in the outcome was observed at the level of GCS scores between 15 and 14 (P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). However, no borderlines were evident at any GCS levels other than 15/14. The problems of applying the GCS to the grading system of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Vasospasm and its outcome after early surgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms: changing pattern of its incidence and outcome during this 9-year period].

The occurrence and outcome of vasospasm (VS) were analyzed in 240 patients who had aneurysm surgery within 7 days of a hemorrhage during 9-year period (1981-89). Occurrence of VS was evaluated by the appearance of ischemic symptoms, (A) with or (B) without CT evidence of infarcts. The surgical outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months postoperatively. The results in the first and the latter halves of the period were compared. The overall incidence of VS (A+B) was 34.8% (A: 23.5%, B: 11.3%) and 33.6% (A: 15.2%, B: 18.4%) in the first and the latter halves, respectively. Thus, VS leading to infarction showed a tendency to decrease in the latter half of the period, though the overall incidence of VS itself was almost identical in both the first and second halves of the period. The results were also analyzed according to preoperative grading based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The tendency toward decreased severity of VS in the latter term was most remarkable in patients with GCS total scores between 14 and 13. The decreased incidence of severe VS proved to be reflected in decreased mortality and in increased rate of good outcome in the latter half of the period. In order to confirm whether the results obtained in our clinic are universal, we applied the same analysis for control groups in four cooperative double-blind clinical trials performed during this period in Japan. The study again showed that the rate of infarction has decreased significantly over the decade, resulting in the improved surgical outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1993

[Vasospasm and its outcome after early surgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms: relationship with the clinical grade based on the Glasgow Coma Scale].

Over a 9 year period, 270 patients who had early aneurysm surgery within 7 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage were analyzed regarding occurrence of vasospasm (VS) and its outcome. Occurrence of VS was recognized by ischemic neurological deterioration, with or without CT evidence of infarcts. Surgical outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months postoperatively. The results were correlated with age, aneurysm site, day of surgery, and preoperative clinical grade evaluated by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Thirty patients with the GCS sum score of less than 6 were excluded from the analysis of VS. Eighty two patients (34%) developed VS, of which 36 patients (15%) showed ischemic symptoms only, and 46 (19%) had infarct on CT. The incidence of symptomatic VS was 12% in GCS 15 group (117 patients), 23% in GCS 14-13 group (70 patients), and 11% in GCS 12-7 group (53 patients). That of VS with infarct was 14%, 23%, and 26% in GCS 15, GCS 14-13, and GCS 12-7 groups, respectively. Thus, there was a close correlation between the clinical grade based on the GCS and the incidence of VS, especially with infarct. The grade was also useful in predicting the surgical outcome. VS was more common in the older age group. The site of aneurysm or the day of surgery had no apparent influences on the incidence of VS or its outcome. Overall, the incidence of poor outcome due to VS proved to be 12%, which accounted for one-third of the cases in which there was poor outcome due to various causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cervical discs are most susceptible to beta 2-microglobulin amyloid deposition in the vertebral column.

Intervertebral discs of 41 chronic renal failure autopsy cases were examined histologically and immunohistochemically to assess the distribution of beta 2-microglobulin-associated (beta 2m) amyloid in the vertebral column. The results demonstrated beta 2m amyloid to appear first in the cervical discs, then in the lumbar and upper thoracic discs, and finally in the middle and lower thoracic discs as the dialysis period is prolonged. The shortest dialysis period for which beta 2m amyloid was detected was one year and seven months. Deposition of beta 2m amyloid was most remarkable in the C4-5, 5-6, and 6-7 levels, which are known to sustain severe mechanical stress in daily life. Thus it is suggested that local mechanical stress accelerates beta 2m amyloidosis. A marked macrophage reaction was observed around the amyloid in cases of severe amyloidosis, the macrophages themselves being immunohistochemically positive for IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. Amyloid deposition and reactive inflammation mediated by cytokines appear to be closely related to the pathogenesis of destructive spondyloarthropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Change of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in rat brain following complete ischaemia.

We studied the activities of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase in rat forebrain after complete ischaemia. Complete ischaemia was induced by decapitation after transcardiac infusion with saline. The activities of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase immediately after ischaemia were 93.3 +/- 38.7 and 18.8 +/- 7.7 microU/mg protein, respectively, and at 24 h after ischaemia were 183.5 +/- 75.1 and 60.8 +/- 15.2 microU/mg protein, respectively. The ratios of xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase immediately and 24 h after ischaemia were 5.04 +/- 1.03 and 3.04 +/- 0.99, respectively. These data indicate that xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities were maintained even 24 h after complete ischaemia. Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase proceeds slowly during complete ischaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Mixed acid-base disorders].

Maintenance of the acid-base balance is critical for keeping cellular and whole body integrity, and acid-base disturbances are commonly encountered in critically ill patients. In this chapter, the classification and the pathogenesis of mixed acid-base disorders are reviewed in order to understand and manage these abnormalities. First of all, the compensatory reactions to the primary acid-base state must be evaluated. Careful examination of the physical findings and medical history are also essential for making a correct diagnosis and to treat the patients effectively.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1992

[Inflammatory cell infiltration around beta 2-microglobulin amyloid deposition: histologic comparison of beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis with AA or AL amyloidosis].

Thirty-one autopsy cases of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) amyloidosis were pathologically investigated in comparison with 17 autopsy cases of AA or AL amyloidosis. In 20 cases (65%, 20/31) of beta 2M amyloidosis, inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages were seen infiltrating around beta 2M amyloid in intervertebral disks. The more beta 2M amyloidosis advances, the more macrophage infiltration tends to be prominent. In cases of severe beta 2M amyloidosis, the cytoplasm of macrophages around amyloid deposition were swollen with engulfed amyloid substance and were often transforming to foreign body multinucleated giant cells. In addition, granulation tissue was formed with infiltrating macrophages, foreign body multinucleated giant cells, capillary proliferation and fibrosis around beta 2M amyloid deposition. On the other hand, inflammatory cell infiltration around amyloid deposition was scarcely seen in AA or AL amyloidosis. Ultrastructurally, macrophages were abundant in phagocytic vacuoles containing amyloid fibrils. These macrophages were immunohistochemically positive for CD68, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. Thus, macrophage infiltration around beta 2M amyloid is thought to be responsible for local pain and tissue destruction of dialysis patients.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1991

Does vasospasm occur in small pial arteries and arterioles of rabbits?

BACKGROUND: Vasospasm is a serious complication associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Successful management of vasospasm will ultimately depend on a clear understanding of the scope of this phenomenon, including whether arterial elements of different calibers are equally affected. We therefore examined the responses to subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbit basilar arteries, small pial arteries, and arterioles. SUMMARY OF REPORT: We compared the brain stem pial arteries of 10 perfusion-fixed male New Zealand White rabbits after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage to those of five control rabbits using morphological analysis of cross-sections of plastic-embedded vessels. After subarachnoid hemorrhage, the internal elastic lamina was highly corrugated in all basilar arteries (mean diameter 319 +/- 51 microns). These arteries were severely constricted in comparison with the control group, in which the mean diameter was 691 +/- 17 microns, and corrugation of the internal elastic lamina was not present. In contrast, small pial arteries and arterioles very rarely demonstrated a vasoconstrictive configuration after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The contractility of the smaller vessels was confirmed by injecting 2 mg/kg BaCl2 intracisternally. Following BaCl2 injection, corrugation of the internal elastic lamina was detected in the small arteries and arterioles as well as the basilar arteries. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that experimental chronic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits tends to occur in large conducting arteries rather than in smaller pial arteries and arterioles.

Animals↗