Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) in metastatic breast cancer.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
H Nielsen
Publications and source records attributed to H Nielsen.
Specific opsonic activity for staphylococci in peritoneal dialysis effluent during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
In a prospective study of intraperitoneal opsonins in 30 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), the IgG concentration, the fibronectin concentration, the specific antistaphylococcal antibody level, and the opsonic activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis were measured in peritoneal dialysis effluent from the initiation of CAPD and monthly for 6 months. Significant correlation was found between the four assays, but the interindividual and intraindividual variations were considerable. No statistically significant correlation was observed between susceptibility of the patients to CAPD-related infectious peritonitis and any of the above-mentioned parameters of humoral defense. We conclude that at the present time it is not feasible to use these assays for the establishment of prognosis with regard to peritonitis in CAPD.
Adult↗
High prevalence of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea during intensive chemotherapy for disseminated germ cell cancer.
A prospective, consecutive study of the aetiology of treatment-associated diarrhoea was conducted in 25 patients with disseminated germ cell cancer treated with intensive chemotherapy. Clostridium difficile was isolated in 45% of the diarrhoea episodes, which makes this species the most important bacterial pathogen in the development of clinically significant diarrhoea in this group of immunocompromised patients.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Killing of ofloxacin-exposed pneumococci by human neutrophils.
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Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
Neurally evoked responses of human isolated resistance arteries are mediated by both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
1. Human subcutaneous resistance arteries (internal diameter 113-626 microns) were mounted in an isometric myograph. Electrical field stimulation was applied either continuously in the form of a frequency-response curve or intermittently at 16 Hz. The magnitude of the maximum contraction induced by continuous stimulation expressed as a percentage of the response to a supramaximal concentration of noradrenaline (10 microM) was highly variable but unrelated to vessel calibre. Contractile responses to both continuous and intermittent stimulation were abolished by 1 microM tetrodotoxin. 2. Prazosin (100 nM and 1 microM, alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist) inhibited responses to continuous stimulation over a range of frequencies (2-8 Hz). The response to continuous stimulation at 8 Hz was inhibited by 78 +/- 6% by 1 microM prazosin. Rauwolscine (100 nM, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) had a smaller effect on contractions induced by continuous stimulation. Rauwolscine inhibited the response at 8 Hz by 36 +/- 6%. Rauwolscine at a higher concentration (1 microM) caused further inhibition of the response to continuous stimulation. Prazosin and rauwolscine in combination almost completely inhibited the response to continuous stimulation at concentrations of 1 microM. 3. Prazosin and rauwolscine inhibited responses to intermittent stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 for this action of prazosin was 3.7 +/- 1.6 nM and the maximum inhibition induced by 100 nM prazosin was 78 +/- 6%. The IC50 of rauwolscine was 12.0 +/- 1.3 nM and 100 nM rauwolscine caused a 86 +/- 7% reduction in the response to intermittent stimulation.Prazosin and rauwolscine in combination (each at 100 nM) caused marked inhibition of the response to intermittent stimulation leaving only 7.0 +/- 2.6% of the response.4. These data suggest that neurally released noradrenaline evokes contractions of human resistance arteries by activation of both alpha 1,- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors postjunctionally.
Arteries↗
Initial cytoreduction by mitoxantrone and cytarabine has no impact on the outcome of interferon-alfa-2b therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Eleven previously untreated patients with chronic-phase Philadelphia-chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by interferon-alfa-2b (IFN-alpha) maintenance. Initial chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 on day 1 and 2, and cytarabine 100 mg/m2 daily for 5 d. Complete hematological response was obtained in 9 (82%) patients with moderately associated toxicity. However, cytogenetic responses after three cycles were poor and transient (1 partial suppression and 2 minor suppression of Ph chromosome). Maintenance therapy with IFN-alpha was started in 10 patients at 5 x 10(6) U/m2 daily with dose reduction if hematologic toxicity or severe side-effects occurred. Of 9 evaluable patients treated for more than 3 months, 6 patients maintained a complete hematological response, whereas 1 patient remained in partial remission and 2 patients showed progressive disease. Cytogenetic evaluation showed partial suppression of Ph chromosome in 1 patient, whereas 1 patient had a minor response and 5 patients had no change or evolution of new chromosome abnormalities. As the results are not superior to IFN-alpha treatment alone, it is concluded that initial cytoreduction by mitoxantrone and cytarabine has no impact on the outcome of therapy in CML.
Adult↗
Superoxide anion release from blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in patients with diffuse lung fibrosis.
Superoxide anion release (O2-) after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate was measured in alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and in blood monocytes from 47 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (N = 15), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (N = 7), pneumoconiosis (N = 6) and sarcoidosis (N = 19). Differential cell counts demonstrated a lymphocyte predominance in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis while the other groups had neutrophil predominance. No correlation between O2- activity in alveolar macrophages (AM) or blood monocytes (BM) compared to lung function (VC and diffusing capacity) could be demonstrated. Smoking pneumoconiotics had significantly decreased BM O2- release (1.25 +/- 0.25 (SEM) nmol/min/10(6) cells) and significantly increased AM/BM O2- ratios (2.04 +/- 0.26) compared to smokers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who had the following mean values: BM O2- release = 2.58 +/- 0.25 and AM/BM O2- ratio = 0.86 +/- 0.23. When matched for sex and smoking, a significantly increased AM/BM O2- ratio was seen among patients with HP (2.19 +/- 0.98) in comparison with patients who had sarcoidosis (0.40 +/- 0.18). Patients with either HP or pneumoconiosis had generally elevated AM O2- release and reduced BM O2- release. These results suggest that environmentally related interstitial lung disorders (HP and pneumoconiosis) may be associated with elevated AM O2- release relative to BM O2- release in comparison to non-environmentally related disorders (IPF or sarcoidosis).
Adult↗
Chemotactic activity of Helicobacter pylori sonicate for human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes.
The immunopathology of Helicobacter pylori associated active chronic gastritis, which is characterised by predominance of polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration, is largely unknown. To evaluate the role of bacterial components as inflammatory mediators ultracentrifuged sonicated preparations were made of clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. The crude sonicates were shown to exhibit chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and blood monocytes in a concentration dependent fashion. The potency was comparable with previously described bacterial derived cytotaxins. The cytotaxin(s) was non-dialysable and completely destroyed by proteinase. Heat treatment did not decrease the chemotactic activity, but in sonicate subjected to 100 degrees C for 15 minutes all activity disappeared after dialysis suggesting the breakdown of a larger protein to small fragments that are still biological active. By ammonium sulphate precipitation at increasing concentrations the cytotaxin(s) was selectively found in 10% ammonium sulphate saturation, and by further molecular gel separation the chemotactic activity was found in the molecular size range from 25 to 35 kDa. The demonstration of a polymorphonuclear leucocyte and monocyte cytotaxin from Helicobacter pylori sonicate may help in understanding the mucosal immune response in gastric inflammatory diseases.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Age-dependent changes in alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractility of isolated human resistance arteries.
Human subcutaneous resistance arteries (122-298 microns), isolated from 139 patients undergoing surgery, were mounted in an isometric myograph. With the use of multiple regression analysis, five different modes of activation were examined for possible associations with age and mean arterial blood pressure of the patients: the contractile responses to 10 microM norepinephrine (mixed alpha 1-agonist/alpha 2-agonist), perivascular nerve stimulation, 10 microM phenylephrine (alpha 1-agonist), 100 microM B-HT 933 (alpha 2-agonist), and depolarization by potassium chloride. Blood pressure increased significantly with age. Blood pressure independently was not correlated to any mode of activation. With increasing patient age, however, responses to norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and perivascular nerve stimulation decreased, whereas the response to B-HT 933 increased; responses to potassium chloride were unaltered. Also corrected for changes in blood pressure, age independently was negatively correlated to the response to norepinephrine and phenylephrine, whereas a positive, though nonsignificant (P value = 0.12), correlation was observed between age independently and the response to B-HT 933. These data suggest that the ability of isolated human resistance arteries to evoke contractions medicated by postjunctional alpha 1-, but not alpha 2-adrenoceptors, decreases with age.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Bioavailability and analgesic effect of sustained release cetobemidone capsules in cancer patients with chronic pain of malignant origin.
Ever since its introduction in 1952, Ketogan has consisted of a combination of the opioid cetobemidone and a spasmolytic drug, A29, in the ratio of 1:5. Its main limitations are the relatively short duration of action and an apparent ceiling effect due to A29. We therefore developed a cetobemidone formulation with sustained release properties (cetobem. s.r.). Forty-seven patients with advanced cancer with moderate/severe pain, treated with regular doses of Ketogan tablets took part in an open phase 1 type pharmacologic/toxicologic study comparing Ketogan tablets and cetobem. s.r. The patients spent at least 4 days in the department. After evaluation during 12 h with Ketogan tablets (3-4 dosing intervals), a loading phase lasting for 36 h with cetobem. s.r. given twice/24 h (total dose of Ketogan tablets per 24 h divided by 2), and synchronous reduction of the dose of Ketogan tablets, a similar evaluation period of 12 h was performed when on treatment with cetobem. s.r. alone. Comparison of data from the two observation periods showed the following: Average relative bioavailability 0.77 SD 0.28. Only 2 patients were remedicated before 12 h when on cetobem. s.r. Duration of action mean 11.9 h, SD 0.3 h. There was no significant difference between Ketogan tablets and cetobem. s.r. periods concerning 'time with no pain'. Side-effects were few. The only significant difference was dry mouth being more severe during the tablet period. Vital signs were unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that cetobem. s.r. can be given every 12 h to cancer patients with chronic pain with satisfactory analgesic effect, a very modest change in side-effect profile and no significant effects on vital signs when substituting cetobem. s.r. for Ketogan tablets in equal daily doses.
Adult↗
Remission of neutropenia in a case of Felty's syndrome by rhG-CSF.
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Adult↗
Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma in the nails in the course of a chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
We describe a 70-year-old woman with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia without nodal involvement, who developed non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma in the toe-nails. Clinically, the affected nails looked like a typical mycotic infection, but later small tumours developed which affected the nails, and biopsy established the diagnosis. Treatment with chlorambucil (Leukeran) and prednisolone had a striking effect. Malignant infiltration of B lymphocytes in the nails is very rare, but should be considered in patients with malignant haematologic disease.
Aged↗
Calcium utilization coupled to stimulation of postjunctional alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors in isolated human resistance arteries.
Human s.c. resistance arteries (internal diameters 158-353 microns) were mounted in a microvascular myograph, and experiments were designed to examine the calcium pools utilized by selective stimulation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors. In a concentration-dependent manner, phenylephrine and B-HT 933 evoked contractions mediated by alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors, respectively, both in calcium-containing and in calcium-free saline. With respect to the maximum response to potassium in calcium-containing saline, the maximum responses to phenylephrine and B-HT 933 were 96 +/- 6 and 85 +/- 8%, respectively, in calcium-containing saline, and 79 +/- 4 and 14 +/- 2%, respectively, in calcium-free saline. A qualitatively similar difference in maximum responses to alpha-1 vs. alpha-2 adrenoceptor stimulation in calcium-free saline was demonstrated for norepinephrine in the presence of antagonists selective for the two alpha adrenoceptor subtypes. The maximum relaxation in calcium-containing saline produced by the calcium antagonist nitrendipine was 52 +/- 3% in vessels precontracted with phenylephrine, but 80 +/- 5% in vessels precontracted with B-HT 933. A quantitative difference in receptor reserves was demonstrated between alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors; 90% of the maximum response was obtained at 34 +/- 5 and 57 +/- 8% receptor occupation, respectively. These data suggest that compared to responses mediated by stimulation of postjunctional alpha-1 adrenoceptors, stimulation of postjunctional alpha-2 adrenoceptors relies heavily on calcium influx. Stimulation of postjunctional alpha-2 adrenoceptors is, however, also coupled to intracellular release of calcium in isolated human s.c. resistance arteries.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs of Tetrahymena thermophila and some possible snRNA-snRNA base-pairing interactions.
We have identified and characterized the full set of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs; U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6) from the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. With the exception of U4 snRNA, the sizes of the T. thermophila snRNAs are closely similar to their metazoan homologues. The T. thermophila snRNAs all have unique 5' ends, which start with an adenine residue. In contrast, with the exception of U6, their 3' ends show some size heterogeneity. The primary sequences of the T. thermophila snRNAs contain the sequence motifs shown, or proposed, to be of functional importance in other organisms. Furthermore, secondary structures closely similar to phylogenetically proven models can be inferred from the T. thermophila data. Analysis of the snRNA sequences identifies three potential snRNA-snRNA base-pairing interactions, all of which are consistent with available phylogenetic data. Two of these occur between U2 and U6, whereas the third occurs between U1 and U2. The proposed interactions locate the intron 5' splice-site close to the intron branch-site nucleotide as well as to the most highly conserved domain of U6. We envisage that these interactions may facilitate the first step of pre-mRNA splicing.
Animals↗
Prognostic importance of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of 540 consecutive patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Blood mononuclear cells from 540 newly diagnosed, unselected patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were examined by immunofluorescence flow cytometry for a panel of surface membrane markers, including IgM and IgD, the monoclonal antibodies anti-CD3, -5, -20, -21, -22, -FMC7, and, for the final 125 patients, anti-CD23. There were 503 CD5+ and 37 CD5- cases. In the CD5+ cases, the cells typically expressed IgM, IgD, CD20, CD21, CD22, and CD23. In univariate analysis, age, clinical stage, IgM-fluorescence intensity, CD23, and FMC7 had significant prognostic importance, with high IgM-fluorescence intensity, high FMC7, and low CD23 expression being associated with a short survival. There was no significant difference in survival between 351 cases expressing IgMD and 55 cases expressing IgM without IgD, or between kappa and lambda light chain monoclonal cases. CD20, CD21, and CD22 had no prognostic importance. In Cox multiple regression analyses, age, CD23, IgM-fluorescence intensity, and clinical stage (International Workshop System) had independent prognostic importance. Thus, besides clinical variables, CD23 and IgM intensity might be useful prognostic markers in the management of CD5+, B-cell CLL. The survival of CD5- patients was on the borderline of being significantly shorter than that of CD5+ patients. The majority of the CD5- cases were FMC7+, CD23-, had strong IgM fluorescence, and had splenomegaly.
Aged↗
Tetrahymena thermophila acidic ribosomal protein L37 contains an archaebacterial type of C-terminus.
We have cloned and characterized a Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear gene (L37) encoding the acidic ribosomal protein (A-protein) L37. The gene contains a single intron located in the 3'-part of the coding region. Two major and three minor transcription start points (tsp) were mapped 39 to 63 nucleotides upstream from the translational start codon. The uppermost tsp mapped to the first T in a putative T. thermophila RNA polymerase II initiator element, TATAA. The coding region of L37 predicts a protein of 109 amino acid (aa) residues. A substantial part of the deduced aa sequence was verified by protein sequencing. The T. thermophila L37 clearly belongs to the P1-type family of eukaryotic A-proteins, but the C-terminal region has the hallmarks of archaebacterial A-proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Polycythemia vera in a Danish family].
The occurrence of polycythaemia vera in a Danish woman and her two sons is described. No environmental agent could be identified and it is suggested that the cases represent a genetic susceptibility to this myeloproliferative disease.
Adult↗
[Peritonitis with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Status and future perspectives].
Peritonitis remains the major complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A review is given of the clinical, microbiological, immunological, and pathogenic aspects of this problem and new fields of research for reducing the incidence of peritonitis are suggested.
Denmark↗