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Biomedical subjects

H Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to H Nelson.

186 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

External beam plus intraoperative irradiation for gastrointestinal cancers.

Although useful palliation can often be achieved when external beam irradiation and chemotherapy are used to treat locally advanced gastrointestinal malignancies, local control and long-term survival are infrequent in view of the limited tolerance of surrounding organs and tissues. In view of dose limitations of external beam irradiation, intraoperative irradiation (IORT) with electrons has been used as a supplement to external treatment in an attempt to improve the therapeutic ratio of local control versus complications. An IORT dose of 10 to 20 Gy has been combined with fractionated external beam doses of 45 to 55 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions in studies performed in the United States, Japan, Europe, and Scandinavian countries. In this paper the indications for and the results of aggressive combined techniques that include IORT are discussed. Results obtained with external beam techniques alone or with chemotherapy and resection are presented by site to demonstrate the need for higher doses of irradiation. When results from IORT series are compared to standard treatment with regard to disease control and survival, local control appears better with locally advanced colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer; and survival appears better with colorectal +/- biliary cancers. With pancreatic cancer, improvements in local control do not translate into increased survival in view of the high incidence of subsequent liver and peritoneal failures. Implications for future strategies in all sites are discussed.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

T cell activation and retargeting using staphylococcal enterotoxin B and bispecific antibody: an effective in vivo antitumor strategy.

The aim of this work was to test for cure and immunity in a micrometastatic tumor model using in vivo T cell activation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and retargeting with antitumor x anti-CD3 F(ab')2 bispecific antibodies (bsAb). All studies were performed in C3H/HeN mice using syngeneic tumor cell lines. For survival studies, mice were injected intravenously on day 0 with CL62 (a p97-transfected clone of the K1735 murine melanoma tumor). Day-3 treatments included saline (control), SEB (50 gamma g intraperitoneal) with or without bsAb (5 micrograms i.v.). Cured mice, surviving beyond 60 days, were rechallenged with subcutaneous CL62, K1735, or a nonmelanoma control, AG104. SEB activation studies were performed with pulmonary tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from 10-day established CL62 tumors. Maximal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cytotoxicity was demonstrated 24 h following SEB injection, therefore bsAb treatments were administered 24 h after SEB. When survival was examined at 60 days, there were significantly more survivors in the group receiving SEB plus bsAb (70%) compared to the group receiving SEB alone (30%), and the controls (0%) (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). Mice cured of CL62 using SEB alone or with bsAb demonstrated equal immunity to CL62, however, mice treated with SEB plus bsAb were more often immune to the p97-parental cell line, K1735(P = 0.001). Ag104 consistently grew in all mice. Results of these studies demonstrate that SEB plus bsAb can be effective, not only in curing tumors but also in providing protective immunity against targeted and non-targeted tumor antigens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermal effects of hooding incubators.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of covering infant incubators on incubator wall and air temperatures, as well as on infant temperatures. DESIGN: A within-subject ABA design, in which blankets covering the incubators were removed for a 30-minute period and then replaced. SETTING: A neonatal intensive-care unit. PARTICIPANTS: Eight medically stable infants (gestational age, 28-33 weeks; birth weight, 913-1,947 g; and postnatal age, 2-39 days). INTERVENTIONS: Incubator wall and air temperatures as well as infant temperatures were measured during three study conditions: incubators covered (30 minutes), uncovered (60 minutes), and re-covered (30 minutes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incubator air and wall temperature; infant temperature. RESULTS: All incubator walls decreased in temperature after being uncovered; the decrease ranged from 0.6-2.2 degrees C. CONCLUSION: Although infants maintained relatively stable body temperatures during the uncovered period, the energy cost to their thermoregulatory efforts is unknown.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric nursing. Guidelines for successful relocation.

The physical and psychological repercussions of relocating chronically mentally ill patients from institution to community can be grave unless adequate preparation is offered well in advance and continuing support given throughout. Nurses, too, are not immune to the effects of relocation and require similar preparation and support. Hazel Nelson and her colleagues offer guidelines on preparation for relocation which are based on an extensive literature search and which represent a planned and structured approach to the process.

Deinstitutionalization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current perspectives of bispecific antibody-based immunotherapy.

The field of bispecific antibodies is an evolving field of research that has increasing clinical appeal. The fusion of two antibodies or antibody fragments introduced a new way to override natural specificity of T cell and induce effector responses against tumor targets in MHC-unrestricted manner. Initial experiences with bispecific antibodies demonstrate both the promise for and limitations of this anti-cancer strategy. Significant body of work has shown that bispecific antibodies have potential to induce T cell mediated anti-tumor responses in pre-clinical models. However, immunotherapy with bispecific antibodies in humans has yet to prove its value in clinical settings. In addition, the production of high-quality bispecific antibodies for clinical applications, the optimal size and avidity of bispecific antibodies, and in vivo T cell pre-activation remain critical issues. In this review, we summarize recent progress in bispecific antibody-based immunotherapy and address essential aspects of this anti-cancer strategy.

Animals↗