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Biomedical subjects

H Nathan

Publications and source records attributed to H Nathan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mutilation of the uvula among Bedouins of the South Sinai.

Mutilation of the uvula, as practiced by various tribes of Bedouins in the South Sinai, was discovered while carrying out anthropological studies in the area. Partial or total amputation of the uvula is performed on both boys and girls during the first or second year of life, as a ritual custom. Anatomical changes in the soft palate due to the uvulectomy in 115 subjects are described. The remnant of the uvula (scar) was classified according to size as: very large, large, medium, small, trace or none. A notch or kind of cleft of the palate, as a result of the uvulectomy, was considered the most extreme degree of extirpation. The majority (47%) were of small size and a notch was found in 9.6%. Changes in shape and symmetry of the arches of the palate as a result of the uvulectomy are also described. These changes are explained on the basis of the anatomical structure of the palate and uvula. The possible effects of the uvulectomy on health in general and on speech in particular are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lewis blood group and ABH secretor systems in some Jewish populations of Israel.

The Lewis blood groups, the secretion of ABH antigens and the frequencies of the related genes were determined in some Israeli Jewish populations of different origins. In total 834 individuals were investigated for ABH antigen secretion and of these, 452 for the Lewis antigens. The frequencies of the le gene in the East European, Central European, North African and Middle Eastern groups were 0.3635, 0.3397, 0.3015 and 0.2293, respectively. The frequencies of the se gene in the same groups were 0.4787, 0.4804, 0.5301 and 0.5468. In a South European and a Yemenite Jewish group, studied for the secretor status only, the obtained se gene frequencies were 0.4879 and 0.4663 respectively. Comparing the four groups studied both for Lewis blood groups and for secretor status, the smallest genetic distance was found between the East and Central European groups, and the greatest, between the East European and Middle Eastern groups.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

The ciliary ganglion in man (anatomical observations).

In 30 human orbits the ciliary ganglion with its motor (parasympathetic), sympathetic and sensory roots and the short ciliary nerves were dissected under the surgical microscope. The ganglion was situated near the orbital apex, between the optic nerve, abducens nerve, lateral rectus muscle and the ophthalmic artery. In 2 cases the motor, parasympathetic root was missing and the ganglion was attached directly to the inferior branch of the 3rd nerve or to the nerve of the inferior oblique muscle. In some cases the root was double. The sensory root was very constant. The sympathetic root was identified only in 22 specimens. It took origin from the sympathetic carotid plexus; in a few cases from the sympathetic plexus around the ophthalmic artery or from both sources. Most of the short ciliary nerves entered the eyeball in its temporal aspect. Only 1-2 short ciliary nerves entered the medial aspect after crossing the inferior of the optic nerve. In 2 cases, additional short ciliary nerves originated directly from the motor root, and in one case from the sensory root. Connections between short and long ciliary nerves were also observed. In order to locate the ganglion it is advised to find first the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle, along the inferior border of teh lateral rectus, and follow it backwards up to the motor root.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1980

Phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase and acid phosphatase polymorphism in some Jewish populations of Israel.

The phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) adenylate kinase (AK1) and acid phosphatase (ACP1) phenotypes were studied in Israeli Jews. In total 934 individuals were investigated for AK1 and of these, 926 for PGM1 and 768 for ACP1 isozymes. From the studied individuals, six groups deriving from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Yemen were formed. The comparison of the phenotype distribution in these groups by the chi-square test failed to indicate any statistically significant differences with respect to PGM1 phenotypes. With respect to AK1 phenotypes, there were statistically significant differences between the Central European group on the one hand and the Yemenite and South European groups on the other (p less than 0.05), and with respect to ACP1--between the Middle Eastern and the Yemenite groups (p less than 0.01). In the studied groups, the frequency of the PGM11 gene varied from 0.6822 (North African group) to 0.7431 (Central European group), of the AK11 gene--from 0.9099 (Central European group) to 0.9698 (Yemenite group) and of the ACPb1 gene--from 0.6710 (Middle Eastern group) to 0.8194 (Yemenite group). The greatest genetic distances were found between the Yemenite group on the one hand and the Middle Eastern, Central European and East European subgroups on the other.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Duffy, Kell and P blood group systems in some Jewish populations of Israel.

Duffy, Kell and P blood group systems were investigated in 977 Israeli Jews. Six groups deriving from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Yemen were compared. The greatest differences between the groups occurred with regard to the Duffy blood group system, where the Fy gene was found at great frequency (0.5879) in the Yemenite Jews, a middling frequency (from 0.1083 to 0.2191) in Jews from the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe, and a low frequency of the Fya gene decreased in the following order: East European greater than Central European greater than South European greater than North African greater than Middle Eastern greater than Yemenite group. The shortest genetic distance was found between the Middle Eastern group on the one hand and the Central European and North African groups on the other. The highest values in the genetic distances were observed between the Yemenite and the other groups. Insofar as the Kell and P gene frequencies are concerned, the compared groups were similar. Comparison of the phenotype distribution by the chi-square test showed statistically significant differences between the groups only with respect to the Duffy system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Anatomical observations on the mylohyoid groove, and the course of the mylohyoid nerve and vessels.

In a study of 390 mylohyoid grooves in dry mandibles and in dissections of the region, the groove conformed to the classic description (that is, it was open along its entire length) in only 83.6% of the cases. In the remaining 16.4%, the sulcus was partially or totally converted to a bony canal by ossification of the membrane that covered it. When only partially converted, the ossification was proximal or distal, single or multiple. This ossification is explained according to the embryological origin of the membrane closing the canal from Meckel's cartilage. The practical importance of these observations in anatomical dissection and in surgical intervention in the region is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Changes in the mechanical properties or rat tail tendon during postnatal ontogenesis.

The ultimate tensile strength, elasticity modulus and ultimate elongation of tail tendon in rats age 1-18 months were measured with an Instron tensile apparatus. An increase in all these parameters was observed during the period of maturation, with a later levelling off of the tensile strength and the ultimate elongation. The value of the elasticity modulus attained a maximum during sexual maturation, and then decreased and stabilized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Anatomical observations of the foramina transversaria.

Four hundred and eighty foramina transversaria in dry cervical vertebrae of 36 spines and in a number of dissections were studied and classified according to size, shape, and direction of their main diameter. A coefficient of roundness was then elaborated. The variations of foramina appear to follow a pattern at various vertebral levels. The possible factors (in addition to the embryological ones) involved in causing these variations-for example, mechanical stress, size, course, and number of vertebral vessels-were analysed. The importance of the correct interpretation of the variations in the foramina transversaria in radiographic or computerised axial tomography is discussed. The contribution of the present study to the understanding and diagnosis of pathological conditions related to the vertebral artery and its sympathetic plexus is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Erich Lexer.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1978

Localized fibrous mesothelioma of the pleura.

A benign fibrous pleural mesothelioma was found in a dissecting room cadaver. The gross anatomical relationships to other thoracic structures are fully described. Vascular connections with the thoracic wall, azygos vein and lung were found. The tumor conformed to earlier histologic descriptions of this type of tumor. The potential for vascular shunts within this tumor and the diagnostic problems presented by a tumor of this type are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Energy absorbing capacity of rat tail tendon at various ages.

Fibres from tail tendons of male rats aged 1--18 months were stretched to breaking point by an 'Instron' tensile apparatus. The energy absorbed during stretching of the tendon was calculated. A sharp increase was found in the energy value during the first 6 months of postnatal life. The following components of this energy were also evaluated: (1) energy absorbed during the period of linear relationship between force and extension; (2) energy absorbed during the period of non-linear relationship. Both components showed rapid increases in value during the first 6 months after birth, after which they levelled off.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

ABO-typing of ancient skeletons from Israel.

Sixty-eight ancient skeletons, unearthed at Jerusalem and En Gedi and, according to the archeological data belonging to Jewish residents of these places from about 1,600 to 2,000 years ago, were ABO-typed by means of the hemagglutination-inhibition test. The blood groups of 13 skeletons were undiagnosable and the remaining 55 showed the following distribution: 30.91% A-group, 14.54% B-group, 50.91% AB-group and 3.64% O-group. According to these findings, the population to which these skeletons belonged must have had a high frequency of genes IA and IB, and a low occurrence of O blood group and its related IO gene.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Autograft suture in peripheral nerves.

Fresh collagen fibers prepared from rabbit tendons or aponeurosis were inserted in either median or sciatic nerves of the same animal. The tissue reactions induced by the autologous fibers were compared histologically with those caused by similarly inserted silk, catgut and homograft sutures in contralateral nerves. Sham operations, passing empty needles, were performed on control nerves. The treated nerves were removed on the 5th to the 30th postoperative day, and histological sections were prepared. The insertion of the different sutures in peripheral nerves resulted in tissue reactions of varying types and degrees, depending on the material used. Catgut and silk thread induced extensive degenerative and inflammatory reactions which persisted for more than 4 weeks. Homograft sutures underwent rapid organization with a minor degree of degeneration and inflammation, which persisted for only a short time. Autograft fibers resulted in minimal myelin degeneration and mild inflammatory processes for 5-10 days, which was only slightly different from the regular course of healing seen in sham-operated control nerves. These intial observations suggest that sutures of autograft fibers may prove advantageous in nerv repair.

Animals↗