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Biomedical subjects

H Nathan

Publications and source records attributed to H Nathan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Recipient race does not influence waiting time for a cadaveric renal transplant--one organ procurement organization's experience.

There was no statistical significance to the differences in waiting time for cadaveric renal transplant by race. Whether for first transplant or second or greater, any differences in waiting time could not be accounted for by the recipient's race. CAUC made up 58% of the waiting list, 65% of the recipients, and 87% of the donors. The corresponding numbers for AA are: 38%, 29%, and 10%, respectively. More regional serum-sharing trays may be needed in order to expose recipients with high PRA to as many donors as possible in order to lessen their waiting time. It should be noted that fewer HLA mismatches occurred when donor and recipient race were identical. In light of this data, more study is needed to determine the relationship between donor and recipient race, corresponding HLA mismatches, and graft survival. If antigen-matching is found to increase graft survival, then an increase in minority donations will be required. Until that time, under the current allocation system and with the predominance of Caucasian donors, it is likely that Afro-Americans will continue to receive kidneys that have more HLA antigen mismatches than if Afro-Americans donated in numbers equivalent to their percentage of the waiting list.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Impact of a required request law on vital organ procurement.

"Mandatory" or required request for donation of the organs of patients dying in hospitals has been promulgated as a means of increasing the rate of organ harvest and alleviating the critical shortage of transplantable organs. Although the federal and many state governments have passed legislation to make such requests compulsory, the efficacy of this approach has not been demonstrated. Examination of the experience at our trauma center and in this region, before and after the enactment of a "strong" required request law by the State of New Jersey, did not reveal a statistically significant change in organ procurement. We conclude that such laws are unlikely to achieve the desired result in the absence of fundamental changes in the attitudes of the public and treating physicians.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Failure to predict intraoperative myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease.

Patients with severe coronary artery disease were studied to determine if the preoperative assessment or intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring could predict the occurrence of myocardial ischaemia. Thirty-eight patients undergoing coronary artery surgery who had normal electrocardiograms before induction of anaesthesia were included. Leads II and CS5 were recorded on a Holter monitor and radial arterial and pulmonary artery catheters were used to measure haemodynamic variables. Eight patients developed ST-segment changes greater than or equal to 0.1 mV before sternotomy. Preoperative factors could not be used to predict which patients would develop ST-segment changes. In all 38 patients haemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen supply and demand remained within an optimal range despite evidence of ischaemia in eight. This syndrome of ECG changes in the absence of tachycardia and hypertension resembles the syndrome of silent ischaemia documented in awake patients. Our findings suggest that myocardial ischaemia may be caused by decreases in coronary blood flow not associated with changes in haemodynamic variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The inguinal region: anatomic differences in men and women with reference to hernia formation.

Fifty inguinal regions were dissected in anatomic human adult specimens, of which 26 were males and 24 females. The comparison of anatomic variations in both sexes showed that the distance between the public tubercle and the internal ring was larger, and the rectus muscle significantly wider in females. The diameter of the internal ring was larger in males, however, with significant variability. No differences were found regarding the presence or absence of the conjoint tendon. The anatomic variations may explain the sex differences in hernia formation.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1989

Germ cell tumors of the testicle or 'orchidomata'.

An unusual case of a double testicular tumor, with different histology and the same marker chromosome, led to a search of the literature for cases of testicular tumors that were double, bilateral, or familial. The literature on abnormal chromosomes in tumors of the testis is also reviewed. After a discussion of the facts, it is suggested that most of the histological variants of germ cell tumors of the testicle are so closely related that they could be grouped together under the title of 'orchidomata'.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

The pterygo-spinous muscle--an aberrant (atavic) remnant.

We report here on an aberrant pterygoid muscle found during a dissection of the infratemporal fossa. We have not noted such a muscle in hundreds of dissections in the area. A few anatomical texts (Piersol, 1911; Testut, Latarjet, 1931) have referred to its possible existence as the pterygo-spinous muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The lienorenal ligament and the tail of the pancreas: a surgical anatomical study.

Only brief descriptions of the lienorenal ligament and the anatomical relationship between the tail of the pancreas and the hilus of the spleen have been reported in the literature. The anatomical variations in this region are of significant surgical importance. The lienorenal ligament was studied in 37 anatomical specimens. A classification of its variations is presented, and clinical-surgical applications are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Stages in the natural history of the vertebral end-plates.

Four hundred and fifty skeletons were examined, and age changes in the bony vertebral end-plates were grouped into six categories. The predominant patterns of each phase from infancy to senescence are presented. The formation of ridges and sulci that form peripherally are similar to those appearing in other epiphyses and may provide translational stability. When osteophytes appear with maturation, they are separated from the fused ring apophysis by a distinct sulcus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Anatomical and computed tomographic studies of the pancreatic tail.

The location of the pancreatic tail in the lienorenal ligament and its relationship to the splenic hilus were studied in 32 computed tomography (CT) scannings and in 37 autopsy specimens. We found several anatomical variations in both study groups: the pancreatic tail did not penetrate the lienorenal ligament in 24% of the autopsy specimens and in 37.5% of the CT group. The tail was adjacent to the splenic hilus in 29.7% of the autopsies and in 25% of the CT group. We classified the anatomical variations into 4 categories, three of which could be well demonstrated on CT with satisfactory correlation to the anatomical findings of the autopsy specimens.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1988

Thoracic sympathetic trunk compression by osteophytes associated with arthritis of the costovertebral joint. Anatomical and clinical considerations.

Hyperostosis (lipping) due to costovertebral arthritis was found frequently (84.3%) impinging on the sympathetic trunks (ganglia and cord), rami communicantes and roots of the splanchnic nerves on both sides of the spine in more than 1,000 dissecting room cadavers examined and 34 cadavers of adult and elderly people specially dissected. As a result of the compression, the affected sympathetic structures were angulated, deflected from their course, enlarged and often infiltrated with connective tissue. The possible symptoms which may result from this kind of compression are discussed.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1988

Relations of the soft structures of the posterior mediastinum in the scoliotic spine.

In 20 dissections of scoliotic cadavers, the changes of the structures in the posterior mediastinum in relation to the spine were found to be as follows. The aorta persistently followed and adhered to the abnormal curves of the spine. The azygos vein and the thoracic duct followed the aorta closely in its changes. The sympathetic trunk and the greater splanchnic nerves likewise followed the changes in the curvature of the scoliotic spine, but they were often disturbed in their course by vertebral osteophytes and by hyperostoses due to arthritis of the costovertebral joints. The esophagus preserved its normal straight course, unaffected by the scoliotic curves.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1988

Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm: attachment to the transverse process.

According to current anatomy textbooks, the diaphragmatic medial and lateral arcuate ligaments are attached to the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra. In dissections of 15 human cadavers we found both arcuate ligaments attached to the transverse process of L2 (10 cases and L3 (5 cases). In no case were they attached to the transverse process of L1.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1987

Anatomy and pathology of the sesamoid bones. The hand compared to the foot.

The sesamoid bones were studied in 100 hands and feet in 50 cadavers and in 1000 radiographs of the hands of South Sinai Bedouin children. The sesamoids of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and metatarsophalangeal joints of the hallux were always present in the dissections and radiographs. Other sesamoids were observed in the radiographs of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index finger in 50% of the cases, the middle finger in 3%, the ring finger in 1% and the little finger in 70%. Sesamoids were also seen in 62% of the interphalangeal joints of the thumb. There are differences between the hand and the foot in relation to the occurrence of degenerative changes in the joints. In the thumb, the metacarpophalangeal joint is involved macroscopically in 75% of the cases, and only in 13% of the radiographs, with the pathological changes located in one or the other part of the joint. In the hallux, 40% of the cases are involved both macroscopically and in radiographs, but all the parts of the joint are affected.

Child↗