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Biomedical subjects

H Nagashima

Publications and source records attributed to H Nagashima.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Prototype airway management system for use during laser surgery.

A Norton metal endotracheal tube with a Merav parachute cuff cemented to the distal end has solved many of the problems involved in administration of anesthesia for laser surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract. The tube is fireproof and provides an air-tight seal for positive pressure ventilation without the impediment of a cuff channel. It is ideal for laser surgery of the oral cavity and pharynx and may be used effectively for glottic lesions in many instances.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1984

Perfusion cholangiomanometry with papillary stimulation by dilute hydrochloric acid.

A modification of cholangiomanometry in which the papilla of Vater was stimulated by hydrochloric acid was devised as a means to evaluate the papillary function. Manometric tracings could be classified into four patterns according to the mode of response to hydrochloric acid of the papilla. Pattern I was the type in which a group of regular, high-amplitude spikes appeared within 60 seconds after the onset of perfusion. This represented a normally functioning papilla. Pattern II was characterized by rhythmic occurrence of low-amplitude waves. This represented a reversible papillitis as evidenced by the fact that postoperatively such cases exhibited pattern I results as examined through T tube. In pattern III the perfusion pressure remained flat, showing no reaction waves. This represented an incompetent papilla. The pattern III patients with conditions which were reversible responded to intravenous pentazocine. In pattern IV the perfusion pressure continued to increase without reaction waves, representing cicatricial stenosis of the papilla or incarcerated stone in the papilla. This method of cholangiomanometry was thus found to be useful for selecting candidates for sphincteroplasty.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1983

Alterations in neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier in hepatic failure.

The accelerated transport of the blood neutral amino acids into the brain in encephalopathic patients with fulminant hepatitis and advanced liver cirrhosis was demonstrated not only by determining the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aminogram but also by calculating the predicted velocity of the amino acid transport through the blood-brain barrier. Significant elevation in CSF aromatic amino acid (AAA) and methionine levels was observed in the encephalopathic patients. Arousal from hepatic encephalopathy by drip infusion of a branched chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched solution was obtained coincidentally with the elevated BCAA levels and diminished concentrations of AAA and methionine in CSF. These clinical observations were confirmed experimentally in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and D-galactosamine by obtaining the elevation of neutral amino acid contents in the brain and the slight increase in the brain uptake index (BUI) of a radiolabeled amino acid.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Ranking of liver tests for differential diagnosis of liver parenchymal diseases.

Liver function tests were ranked in the order useful to differentiate 8 liver parenchymal diseases in combination of tests by forward selection and backward elimination procedures in the likelihood method using a microcomputer. The orders were almost same in both procedures: indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), zinc turbidity test, alkaline phosphatase, age, HBsAg, RA test, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/GPT ratio, GOT, cholesterol, total protein, total bilirubin, albumin/globulin ratio and gamma-globulin. The first 9 tests had almost all informations of all tests. The first likelihood diagnosis using the 9 tests was correct in 53% and the first or the second diagnosis was correct in 71% of 444 cases of 8 liver parenchymal diseases. A score table of likelihood diagnosis using the 9 tests was presented for manual application to new cases.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1983

Brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity and calculated amount of brain dopa synthesized in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.

Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the corpus striatum was measured in a large dose of carbon tetrachloride (CC14)-intoxicated rats in order to confirm whether brain catecholamine contents decrease in acute hepatic failure or not. Theoretical amounts of dopa synthesized in the brain of the treated animals were calculated according to an equation of enzyme kinetics. Tyrosine hydroxylase activities in CCl4-injured rats were similar to those in control rats, and calculated amounts of brain dopa in liver-injured rats were rather higher as compared to those in untreated animals.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Scanning electron microscopy of a liver cavernous hemangioma.

A 39-year-old female with a large cavernous hemangioma of the liver was successfully treated by ligation of the left hepatic artery. A wedge biopsy specimen of the hemangioma was obtained after the ligation and was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The hemangioma was demarcated from the surrounding normal liver parenchyma and had a labyrinth of caves 50-150 microns in diameter. The caves were separated by fibrous septa 20-40 microns in width. Endothelial cells of the caves were spindle-shaped and arranged in parallel. The surface property of the caves resembled that of the hepatic artery and differed from that of the portal vein or hepatic vein. These findings support that the cavernous hemangioma of the liver was supplied by the hepatic artery. The labyrinthine structure of the cavernous hemangioma may explain the long standing contrast enhancement of the hemangioma after hepatic arteriography.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Hepatocyte plasma membrane antigens. II. Characterization of liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LP-1) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP) like antigens (hepatic THGP) on the plasma membrane of Chang liver cell.

Radioiodinated cell-surface antigens of Chang liver cells recognized with anti-liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (anti-LP-1) and anti-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (anti-THGP) rabbit antibodies were analyzed by the immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The analysis revealed that the antigens precipitated with anti-LP-1 were heterogeneous in molecular species consisting of 2 major and 5 minor polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 36 X 10(3) (36 K) to 250 K daltons. That with anti-urinary THGP was a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 67 K daltons, which was different from urinary THGP in molecular size, and was designated hepatic THGP.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1983

Studies on liver specific antigens--partial purification, characterization, and immunization.

Seven liver specific antigens, liver protein-I, liver protein-II, liver specific antigen (Espinosa), F-antigen, hepato-renal antigen, liver cell membrane antigen (Ray) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein were partially purified from human liver and urine. Anti-sera against these antigens were raised in rabbits. Anti-sera against liver protein-I, liver protein-II, liver specific antigen (Espinosa) and liver cell membrane antigen (Ray) were absorbed by human serum, kidney, lung and spleen while anti-sera against hepato-renal antigen and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein were absorbed by human serum, lung and spleen to remove antibodies against non-specific antigens. There were no cross reactivities among these antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of azathioprine and carbon tetrachloride on induction of hyperplastic liver nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosamine and N-2-fluorenylacetamide in rats.

The enhancing or inhibitory action of the hepatotoxic agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and azathioprine (AZP), on the evolution of hyperplastic liver nodule (HN) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)- and N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA)-treated rats (control group) was tested. The area of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(gamma-GTP)-positive HN and/or foci in the eighth week was remarkably small in rats fed on a diet containing FAA and AZP (the AZP group), but was quite large in rats fed a diet containing FAA in addition to repeated CCl4 injections (the CCl4 group). HCC was first detected in the 21st week and the incidence of HCC within the 36 weeks of the experiment was very high in the CCl4 group. However, no tumor, including HCC, was detected in the AZP group during this observation period. No essential differences in the biochemical characteristics of HCC between the control group and the CCl4 group were observed with respect to several enzyme activities. The increased activity of liver aniline hydroxylase observed 12 hr after the administration of FAA, AZP, or DEN decreased when AZP was administered simultaneously with FAA to rats treated with DEN in advance. The mechanisms of the enhancing of inhibitory effect observed are discussed with special reference to the drug-drug interactions.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1983

Effect of a branched chain amino acid-enriched nutritional product on the pathophysiology of the liver and nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis.

A new nutritional product (SF-1008C) containing a high proportion of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and low proportion of aromatic amino acids (AAA) and methionine was tested to see its effect on the impaired protein metabolism and abnormal nutritional state frequently observed in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. A sharp increase in plasma BCAA levels and fall of AAA and methionine levels were found following the administration of an SF-1008C-supplemented diet to healthy controls and cirrhotic patients, which the BCAA levels increased only slightly following an isocaloric control diet. Blood ammonia levels increased within the normal range transiently following the diets. The SF-1008C-supplemented diet was given for 2 weeks to cirrhotic patients with histories of hepatic encephalopathy, who were taking a low-protein diet because of hyperammonemia. Serum prealbumin levels, nitrogen balance, molar ratio of plasma BCAA/phenylalanine and tyrosine, the number connection test and electroencephalograms improved during the period of the experimental diet. The results, therefore, indicate that a BCAA-supplemented diet is well tolerated by patients with advanced cirrhosis and useful for treatment of impaired protein metabolism. Furthermore, this product is beneficial in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serum neutral amino acid concentrations in cirrhotic patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism.

Serum neutral amino acid levels in cirrhotic patients with abnormal oral glucose tolerance test patterns were not different from those of subjects without impaired carbohydrate metabolism. However, the characteristic features of serum aminograms in the patients, that is, increased levels of tyrosine, decreased levels of valine and leucine and the diminished ratio of branched chain amino acids to phenylalanine and tyrosine levels, were less pronounced in those treated with insulin. This finding is clinically important for evaluating the serum aminogram of cirrhotic patients under insulin therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Glutathione metabolism and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in experimental liver injury.

Increased activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD, EC 1.1.1.44) in the pentose phosphate cycle were accompanied with a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) following an intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to rats. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) also decreased remarkably, keeping the GSSG: GSH ratio constant. No significant alteration of glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2.), glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) activities in the supernatant and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP, EC 2.3.2.2) activity in the homogenate of the injured liver were observed. Furthermore, no marked difference in the GSH-synthesizing activity was found between control and CCl4-intoxicated liver. An intraperitoneal injection of GSH produced a significant increase in liver GSH content in control rats but not in CCl4-treated rats; G6PD activity was not affected. Intraperitoneal injections of diethylmaleate resulted in continuously diminished levels of liver GSH without any alteration of liver G6PD activity. In vitro disappearance of GSH added to the liver homogenate from CCl4-treated rats occurred enzymatically and could not be prevented by the addition of a NADPH-generating system. The results suggest that increased G6PD activity in CCl4-injured liver does not play an important role in the maintenance of glutathione in the reduced form and that the decreased GSH content in the injured liver might be caused by enhanced GSH catabolism not due to gamma-GTP.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of continued drinking on prognosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

The prognoses of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were compared between those who continued to drink and those who stopped. Clinical criteria were strictly set so as to control other variables affecting the prognoses. Four-year survival was significantly higher in the patients who stopped drinking than in those who continued to drink. Continued drinking worsens the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗