[A case of mucin-producing pancreas carcinoma].
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Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
Biomedical subjects
H Nagashima
Publications and source records attributed to H Nagashima.
Electromyographic kinesiology of lower extremity muscles during slope walking.
To investigate the phasic activity of the lower extremity muscles during up- and downslope walking, five muscles of ten healthy men were examined by telemetered electromyography (EMG). The muscles were the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (Gc), rectus femoris (RF), semitendinosus (St) and gluteus maximus (GM). The inclination of the slope was 3, 6, 9 and 12 degrees. EMG of the muscles and the time factors of a walking cycle were recorded by a 12-channel polygraph simultaneously. In upslope walking, the duration of TA, St and GM activity was longer and that of RF activity was shorter than in level walking. The phasic pattern of Gc in upslope walking was the same as in level walking. In downslope, the duration of Gc and RF activity was longer than on the level. St showed biphasic activities. The phasic pattern of TA and GM was nearly the same as in level walking. The phasic activity of the muscles altered with an inclination over 6 degrees in upslope, and over 3 degrees in downslope. The findings indicate that the muscles stabilize the knee and ankle joint much more in slope walking than in level walking, and in slope walking they also exert themselves to elevate or lower the body weight.
Adult↗
Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on progression and prognosis of type B hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
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Adult↗
[Pathophysiology of duodenal papillitis in cholelithiasis].
Pathological features of duodenal papillitis relative to cholelithiasis were analyzed in terms of dilatation of the bile duct, intracholedochal pressure, and histopathological pictures of papillitis, and the following conclusions were drawn: The principal causes of bile duct dilatation appeared to be pathological changes in the papilla per se; Papillitis accompanying choledocholithiasis with cholesterol stone were secondary to those gallstones evacuated from the gallbladder; Calcium bilirubinate stones seemed to be formed primarily as the result of papillitis. In some cases, ascariasis in their past history was thought responsible for the papillitis; and 4. It is suggested that as the papillitis advances, papillary incompetence will emerge.
Adult↗
Serum amino acid levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Serum amino acid concentrations in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated. Elevation of serum aromatic amino acids (AAA) and methionine levels observed in cirrhotic patients without malignancy was not apparent in cirrhotic cases with HCC, and thus the ratio of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) to AAA was not so diminished in the latter cases. Development of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with HCC led to only a slight change in the serum aminogram characteristic of hepatic failure. In patients who underwent operations, tissue amino acid compositions of hepatocellular, gastric, and colon cancers were compared with each other and their respective surrounding epithelia. Amino acid contents in the tumor tissue were generally higher than those in the respective nontumorous parts, especially in the case of HCC. The methionine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine contents in HCC were much higher than in cirrhotic or normal liver. Serum aminograms in rats with ethionine-induced HCC were similar to those in cirrhotic patients with HCC. Amino acid contents in HCC were much higher than those in the surrounding cirrhotic liver tissue of rats. Serum and liver tyrosine and isoleucine contents rose significantly in rats 5 to 6 weeks after the initiation of a 0.25% ethionine-containing diet. After the 20th week of the experiment, by which time well-differentiated HCC had developed, liver tyrosine and isoleucine contents increased whereas serum isoleucine concentrations decreased. The results suggest that the serum amino acid patterns characteristic of cirrhotic patients with HCC may result from the increased consumption of amino acids by HCC. Determinations of the amino acid levels are also useful for estimating the prognosis and discovering imminent hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with HCC.
Adult↗
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of receptors for polymerized human serum albumin on hepatitis B surface antigen particles.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) receptor on hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) particles. The receptor values on particles from HBeAg-positive patients were significantly higher than those from anti-HBe-positive and HBeAg-, anti-HBe-negative patients. In patients' sera with moderate to high receptor values, there was significant correlation between the values obtained in the ELISA and serum DNA-polymerase activity (P less than 0.005), but not with HBeAg titer. During a 1-year follow-up of 47 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis, termination of active viral replication, as evidenced by seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe-positive, was observed in 1 of 26 with high initial receptor values, 2 of 12 with moderately high values and 6 of 9 with low receptor values. The results suggest that the ELISA described, which detects pHSA receptors on HBsAg particles, might be of value as a prognostic test in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis type B.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase↗
Pleomorphism of hepatic regeneration.
The pleomorphism of hepatic regeneration was studied in acute liver injury and partial hepatectomy of rats. Increases in 3H-thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA fraction and in liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were observed similarly in acute liver injury and following a two-thirds partial hepatectomy in normal rats. However, the increase in serum AFP levels was significant only in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats, and the portal-peripheral vein difference in plasma glucagon concentrations was great only in rats that underwent a partial hepatectomy. The weight of the remaining liver increased rapidly following a 67% hepatectomy in normal rats, but not in cirrhotic rats, of which three of five died within 6 days. Increases in liver prostaglandin E levels, 14C-orotate incorporation into the liver RNA fraction and hepatic ODC activity were observed up to 10 h following a partial hepatectomy of normal liver but not after similar removal of cirrhotic liver. Three kinds of hepatic regeneration, i.e., normal and pathologic regeneration following surgical removal of either normal or injured liver and repair of liver damage following chemically induced liver deficiency, were proposed from the observations.
Animals↗
Cellular immune response in liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Electron microscopic observation of lymphocyte subsets by the immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies.
The morphological association between lymphocytes and hepatocytes was studied at the light and electron microscopic levels by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method using mouse monoclonal antibodies against Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a, Leu-7 and Leu-10 antigens in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis B. Leu-1 + cells (T cells), especially Leu-2a + cells (cytotoxic/suppressor T cells), infiltrated mostly in periportal areas with piecemeal necrosis and in parenchymal areas with focal necrosis. By double staining techniques, Leu-2a + cells were often seen in contact with hepatocytes containing membranous hepatitis B surface and/or core antigens in patients with chronic active hepatitis. At the ultrastructural level, Leu-2a + cells frequently occupied the sinusoid and also migrated into both the space of Disse and between hepatocytes. Furthermore, they often showed intimate surface-contact with hepatocytes having hepatitis B surface and/or core antigens, and, occasionally, injured hepatocytes were surrounded by several Leu-2a + cells. In contrast, Leu-3a + cells, Leu-7 + cells and Leu-10 + cells sometimes appeared in the sinusoid, but seldom in the space of Disse and between hepatocytes. These findings suggest that cytotoxic T lymphocytes may be associated with the necrosis of hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Characteristic features of plasma amino acid, plasma pancreatic glucagon, serum insulin concentrations in cirrhotic patients with histories of chronic alcohol consumption.
Plasma amino acid, plasma pancreatic glucagon and serum insulin levels were simultaneously measured in cirrhotic patients with (drinkers) and without a history of alcohol drinking (non-drinkers), as compared to those in alcoholics without liver disease. Clinical characteristics in drinkers and non-drinkers, such as the extent of liver dysfunction, which may affect plasma amino acid levels, were strictly matched. Plasma pancreatic glucagon levels in the drinker group were much higher than those in the non-drinker group. In the former group, the elevated plasma pancreatic glucagon levels were correlated (p less than 0.05) to total amino acid levels (the sum of 20 kinds of L-amino acid concentrations) and, elevated AAA concentrations leading to a diminished BCAA/AAA ratio. Drinkers with histories of hepatic encephalopathy presented grossly elevated glucagon levels and severely abnormal aminograms similar to those observed in hepatic insufficiency.
Adult↗
Simplified single radial immunodiffusion detection of albumin receptors on HBsAG particles and its significance regarding sero-changes of HBeAG in hepatitis-B patients.
A simplified single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) method to detect HBsAg particles albumin receptor activity in regard to polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) (binding-activity of pHSA = pHSA-BA or albumin receptor activity) was developed and its significance in HBeAg-positive hepatitis B patients after a one year follow-up study was discussed. The pHSA-BA determined by the simplified SRID method was classified into 5 grades; +, +/- and -, and the results of this grading of test sera agreed well with those obtained by the ELISA quantitative assay. According to the results of one year follow-up study in sero-changes of HBeAg in 35 HBeAg-positive cases, 7 cases with pHSA-BA did not show HBeAg sero-change, but of 16 cases with pHSA-BA and 12 cases with (+) pHSA-BA 3 (18.8%) and 7 (58.3%) cases showed HBeAg sero-changes, respectively. These results suggest that the present simplified SRID detection of albumin receptor on HBsAg particles might be a useful method for the laboratory investigation of hepatitis B patients.
Adult↗
Serum alpha-fetoprotein in fulminant hepatitis and hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy.
The pleomorphism of hepatic regeneration was studied in 10 patients with fulminant hepatitis and 7 with hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cyst, and abscess who underwent partial hepatectomy. Serum AFP levels did not increase significantly following partial hepatectomy. All of four patients who survived fulminant hepatitis had high serum AFP levels with a peak either during or before hepatic encephalopathy. Serum AFP levels decreased rather gradually during the enlargement of the atrophic liver. The observations proposed two kinds of hepatic regeneration, hepatic regeneration following surgical removal of liver and repair of liver damage following virally and probably chemically induced liver deficiency.
Adult↗
Plasma amino acid imbalance in alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
Plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma glucagon and serum insulin levels were studied in male patients with compensated alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis. Age, nutritional status, and liver function tests were similar in both groups; none of the patients presented hepatic encephalopathy. Plasma valine and leucine concentrations were lower, and tyrosine, higher in alcoholic than nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis. As a result, the molar ratios of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to aromatic amino acids (AAA) were reduced markedly in this group. Although correlation coefficients comparing BCAA/AAA ratios and KICG in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis were similar, a steeper regression line was observed in alcoholics. Plasma glucagon and proline levels were significantly higher in alcoholic than nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis, the former correlated with AAA concentrations only in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but not with BCAA levels. These results indicated that alcoholic liver cirrhosis presented a more deranged plasma amino acid pattern than nonalcoholic, and the amino acid imbalances, except for depressed BCAA and elevated proline, were derived, in part, from the hyperglucagonemia.
Adult↗
Glutamic acid and glutamine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in hepatic encephalopathy.
Significant elevation of glutamic acid and glutamine concentrations in CSF was observed in hepatic encephalopathic patients with fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. However, the ratios of CSF glutamic acid to CSF glutamine levels and of CSF to serum glutamic acid and glutamine levels were significantly higher only in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. CSF glutamine levels were positively correlated with blood ammonia and CSF tyrosine levels in cirrhotic patients. The results indicate that CSF glutamic acid and glutamine levels are important tools in diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy in severe liver disease.
Adult↗
Myoneural effects of pethidine and droperidol.
In vitro experiments on the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation, stimulated directly or indirectly with supramaximal impulses at 0.1 Hz revealed that pethidine in concentrations greater than 5 micrograms ml-1 caused a rapid increase of the twitch. This was maximal (60% increase during direct and 70% increase during indirect stimulation) with pethidine 75 micrograms ml-1. With concentrations of pethidine greater than 40 micrograms ml-1, the initial increase was followed by a slowly developing inhibition of the twitch (50% depression with 46.0 and 50.4 micrograms ml-1 during direct and indirect stimulation, respectively). Droperidol caused no increase in twitch, but it depressed the twitch by 50% at concentrations of 9.8 and 6.9 micrograms ml-1 during direct and indirect stimulation, respectively. The increase in twitch produced by pethidine was augmented by 4-aminopyridine and inhibited by verapamil during both direct and indirect stimulation. Tubocurarine antagonized the augmentation of the twitch by pethidine only during indirect stimulation. The pethidine- and droperidol-induced inhibition of the twitch could be reversed by washout, but it was not antagonized by neostigmine or 4-aminopyridine. The inhibitory effect of pethidine and droperidol were additive. Sub-effective inhibitory concentrations of pethidine and droperidol, and those of tubocurarine, pancuronium and suxamethonium, independently of the sequence of their administration, mutually increased the myoneural effects of one another. The resulting twitch depression could be reversed by washout. The inhibition caused by the combination of pethidine with tubocurarine or pancuronium was partially antagonized by neostigmine or 4-aminopyridine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4-Aminopyridine↗
Effects of branched-chain alpha-keto acids on plasma amino acid concentrations in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.
Plasma branched-chain amino acid levels during continuous intravenous infusion of sodium salts of branched-chain alpha-keto acid were much higher in CCl4-intoxicated rats than in control rats. However, increases after intragastric administration were diminished in both groups. Increased plasma alloisoleucine levels following administration of R,S-alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid were reduced greatly by using only S-alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid.
Amino Acids↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma of small size.
Clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of small size, not larger than 5.0 cm in diameter, were studied in 11 patients with underlying cirrhosis. The presence of tumor was detected and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) during periodic imaging re-examinations of cirrhotic patients. The HCCs grew slowly up to a certain stage and formed satellite tumors that could not be visualized on CT image. Therefore, infusion hepatic angiography and/or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) are essential before undertaking a major operation.
Aged↗
Optical inversion of (2R)- to (2S)-isomers of 2-[4-(2-Oxocyclopentylmethyl)-phenyl]propionic acid (loxoprofen), a new anti-inflammatory agent, and its monohydroxy metabolites in the rat.
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Animals↗
Effect of pacemaker sites on contractile forces of the local myocardium and blood flow in the major branches of the left coronary artery in anesthetized open-chest dogs.
Decreased cardiac performance during ventricular tachycardia or ventricular pacing has been ascribed to the lack of synchrony due to altered ventricular contraction. However, the direct effect of the pacemaking site on blood flow in the major coronary arterial branches and on regional contractile forces has not been adequately examined. In this investigation, twelve dogs were used to assess coronary flow in the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex coronary arteries (LCx) and the regional myocardial function in response to ectopic electrical pacing. The sites were the outflow tract of the right ventricle (RV pacing), the anterior left ventricular wall supplied by the LAD (LAD pacing), and the lateral wall perfused by the LCx (LCx pacing). Strain gauge arches were transmurally fixed to myocardial segments of the anterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle. The mechanical forces generated were measured while simultaneously recording blood flow in the LAD and LCx. RV pacing diminished developed-tension similarly in both areas. LAD flow was further decreased during anterior pacing as was the developed-tension in the LAD supplied area. A similar relationship was observed between LCx flow and developed-tension in the LCx area during lateral pacing. Compared to RV pacing, anterior pacing did not affect LCx flow and local myocardial force in the lateral wall of the left ventricle, and lateral pacing did not cause further changes in LAD flow and anterior myocardial function. The decrements in blood flow were closely related to decreased myocardial function (p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that ventricular pacing decreases ventricular performance with attenuated regional myocardial function at the pacing area, in addition to causing altered ventricular contraction sequence.
Animals↗