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Biomedical subjects

H Naganuma

Publications and source records attributed to H Naganuma.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Cephalometry is useful as a screening test for anatomical abnormalities in patients having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In this study, various conventional parameters in cephalometry, such as the distance and angles determining the oropharyngeal space, and the areas of the soft palate, oral cavity, tongue and pharynx in both posterior-anterior and lateral view X-ray films, were measured before and after surgery in order to evaluate the preoperative predictability and usefulness of uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty and/or midline laser glossectomy (MLG) for the purpose of preoperative assessment and evaluation of surgical treatment. As test subjects, American adult patients with disturbed respiration in sleep observed at Oakland Otology and Apnea Clinic during 1989-1992 and Japanese patients with the same problems observed at Kitasato Univ. Hospital during 1992-1994 were used. The results were as follows: i) cephalometry revealed morphological abnormalities in the skull, and the measurement of soft tissue in the oropharynx provided useful anatomical data to assess the space of the upper airway in each patient before operation; ii) the areas of the soft palate, the whole tongue and the lower half of the tongue were significantly enlarged, and the lengths of MPH, SPL and PNS-H were longer in the apnea group than in the snoring group; iii) in MLG patients, increases in the area of the oral cavity and pharyngeal cavities and a decrease in the area of the upper half of the tongue were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis without Clostridium difficile toxin in children.

We describe nine children with antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis without Clostridium difficile toxin. The onset was usually sudden, with severe hematochezia and abdominal cramps. The illness quickly resolved and required no specific treatment except discontinuation of the implicated antibiotic. Early proctosigmoidoscopy was a useful diagnostic adjunct. It appears that antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis is a distinct entity rather than a variant of antibiotic-associated colitis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Ruptured subcapsular giant hematoma of the spleen as a complication of chronic pancreatitis.

We present a 63-year-old man with chronic pancreatitis and the rare complication of giant subcapsular splenic hematoma. The hematoma showed no size reduction for 6 weeks. Then, the hematoma was infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa after the recurrence of the pancreatitis, and it finally ruptured. This case suggested that in cases of giant subcapsular splenic hematoma with chronic pancreatitis reductive pressure treatment should be administered as early as possible.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Secretion of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 2 by malignant glioma cells.

The secretion of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a growth inhibitory factor with immunosuppressive properties, was investigated in one glioblastoma cell line and seven surgically resected malignant glioma cells. Cultured cells from surgically resected tumors were examined immunohistochemically for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein. The levels of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in culture supernatants from malignant glioma cells were determined by a specific bioassay using anti-TGF-beta 1 and anti-TGF-beta 2 antibodies. Two glioblastoma cell lines were cultured in the presence of TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 to assess the effect of TGF-beta on the growth of glioblastoma cells. Cultured cells from surgically resected tumors were positive for both GFAP and S-100 protein. Both active and latent forms of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 were detected in the culture supernatants from malignant gliomas, except in one patient with anaplastic astrocytoma which secreted only latent forms of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2. There was no statistical difference in the levels of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas. Neither TGF-beta 1 nor TGF-beta 2 affected the growth of glioblastoma cells. These findings suggest that most malignant glioma cells secrete both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2, can convert TGF-beta from a latent to active form, and may suppress cytokine secretion by activated lymphocytes in vivo as well as in vitro.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic involvement in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease: findings on pulsed and color Doppler sonography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the hemodynamics of the liver vasculature as determined by Doppler sonography for patients with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease and for healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Real-time color Doppler sonography and pulsed Doppler sonography were used to study 10 patients with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease and 25 healthy subjects. Vessel diameter and flow velocity in the hepatic artery and its branches as well as in the portal vein and its segmental branches were determined. Flow patterns in the hepatic veins were analyzed. The clinical manifestations of the disease were correlated with the Doppler sonographic findings. RESULTS: The hepatic artery and its branches were dilated and tortuous, and flow velocity was greater in patients than in healthy subjects; hepatic artery velocities (mean +/- SD) were 153 +/- 65.2 cm/sec versus 64.9 +/- 11.4 cm/sec (p < .005). The resistive index measured in the hepatic artery did not differ significantly between the two groups (p was not significant). No intrahepatic arteriovenous shunt sites were detected by color Doppler sonography. However, arterioportal shunts were observed in two patients, one of whom also had a portovenous shunt. A portovenous shunt and multiple shunts between hepatic veins were found in another patient. Portal venous flow was similar in both groups. No relationship between Doppler sonographic changes and clinical manifestations was found. CONCLUSION: The multiple microscopic arteriovenous shunts found in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease were not detected in our patients but resulted in dilatation and increased flow velocity in the hepatic artery. Flow velocity in the portal vein appeared to be undisturbed. Large intrahepatic shunts were easily outlined by Doppler sonography.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vestibular training for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Its efficacy in comparison with antivertigo drugs.

A modified controlled study on treatment effects of vestibular training (VT) for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was performed. The VT was compared with courses of patients in three different groups: patients treated by medication, by VT, and by VT with medication during 8 weeks. It was statistically confirmed by global judgments of symptoms and signs that improvement rates of positional nystagmus and vertigo were higher in the two groups treated by VT with and without medication than the improvement rate in the medication alone group. In the groups treated by VT, the effects were not influenced by time since onset of disease or by patient age. It is therefore assumed that VT can be used as a first-choice treatment in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, even in long-term cases or older patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The effects of omeprazole on the ultrastructure of gastric parietal cells.

This study was designed to investigate ultrastructural changes in parietal cells during treatment with omeprazole. Endoscopic biopsies were performed in patients treated with omeprazole (n = 2) and cimetidine (n = 4) and in normal controls (n = 3). In the patients who received omeprazole, many parietal cells (90.9 and 66.6%) were in the "stimulated" or "partially stimulated" stage. As reported previously, our results suggest that omeprazole fails to prevent the morphological transition of parietal cells to an actively secreting phase, although it strongly inhibits acid secretion. The altered cells frequently demonstrated more marked dilation of the secretory canaliculi, compared with those of normal controls and cimetidine-treated patients. Vacuolation was found in one patient given omeprazole and one given cimetidine. In the former patient, initial famotidine treatment also led to the vacuolation of parietal cells. However, this change does not seem to imply serious parietal cell degeneration. There were no adverse morphological changes in mitochondria and nuclei in any of the groups. In conclusion, vacuolation is not specific to omeprazole. Moreover, if omeprazole is administered at a pharmacologically effective dosage for a short period of time, it may not have serious effects on the ultrastructure of human parietal cells.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta secretion by lymphokine activated killer cells by transforming growth factor-beta.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has a variety of immunosuppressive properties. We investigated the effect of TGF-beta secreted by glioblastoma (T98G) cells on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta (TNFs) by lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells stimulated with tumor cells. The supernatant from T98G cells was preincubated with anti-TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 neutralizing antibodies or untreated, and added to a coculture of LAK and Daudi cells. The neutralizing antibodies were added to LAK/Daudi and LAK culture, and natural human TGF-beta 1 and recombinant human TGF-beta 2 were also added to the LAK/Daudi culture. LAK cells were also cultured with T98G cells, of which the supernatant contained both active and latent forms of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2, and the neutralizing antibodies were added to the coculture. TNFs activity in the supernatants from LAK/Daudi cultures was examined by a specific bioassay. Addition of the supernatant from T98G cells to LAK/Daudi culture resulted in the inhibition of TNFs secretion by LAK cells. The inhibition was abrogated by the pretreatment of the supernatants with the anti-TGF-beta antibodies. Addition of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 to LAK/Daudi culture inhibited TNFs secretion by LAK cells in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of anti-TGF-beta antibodies to LAK culture resulted in an increase of TNFs secretion. These results suggest that, if tumor cells have the capacity to convert TGF-beta from a latent to an active form, the active TGF-beta suppresses TNFs secretion by LAK cells stimulated with the tumor cells, and that TGF-beta secreted and activated by glioblastoma cells suppresses the propagation of immune reaction by inhibiting TNFs secretion by activated lymphocytes adjacent to tumor cells.

Glioblastoma↗
PubMed1994

Incidence and risk factors in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Between October 1981 and September 1989, 564 patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Hospital of Oita Medical University received antipsychotic treatment. Ten (1.8%) of these patients developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This incidence is significantly greater than that reported in a group of other studies (27/17,811, 0.2%). We compared the characteristics of this sample with known risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It is possible that Japanese people are at an increased risk for developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychomotor excitement, refusal of food, a weight loss of greater than 1 kg per week and oral administration of haloperidol at 15 mg/day or above were found to be risk factors for developing the neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Preventive effect of betamipron on nephrotoxicity and uptake of carbapenems in rabbit renal cortex.

The preventive effect of betamipron (N-benzoyl-3-propionic acid: BP) on the renal uptake and nephrotoxicity of carbapenems (panipenem and imipenem) was studied in rabbits. Panipenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, induced nephrotoxicity at a dose of 200 mg/kg, i.v., but this was less severe than that caused by a single dose of imipenem or cephaloridine. Along with the significant reduction of nephrotoxicity, the uptake of these carbapenems in the renal cortex was remarkably inhibited by simultaneous treatment with BP (200 mg/kg, i.v.). These results suggest that BP reduces the nephrotoxicity of carbapenems through inhibiting the active transport of carbapenems in the renal cortex. Because of the low toxicity of BP (LD50 in the rat, more than 3,000 mg/kg, i.v.), it was concluded that BP might be a good candidate for reducing the nephrotoxicity induced by panipenem or imipenem.

Alanine↗
PubMed1994

Improved bioassay for the detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and beta 2 in malignant gliomas.

Growth inhibition assays using radioisotope or dye are used to detect transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Here, we describe a modified bioassay using crystal violet for the quantitative detection of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2. The procedure is based on staining Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells with crystal violet, followed by measurement of the absorbance at 570 nm in individual wells of a 96-well microtiter plate. The number of Mv1Lu cells correlated with the eluted dye intensity. The sensitivity of the bioassay to recombinant TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 increased approximately twofold by using only 500 Mv1Lu cells in microtiter wells. The bioassay was used to measure TGF-beta activity in the culture supernatant from glioblastoma cells. Culture supernatants were untreated or acid-activated to quantify the active or total TGF-beta, and neutralized with anti-TGF-beta 1 and/or anti-TGF-beta 2 antibody to measure the activity. Both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 were detected in the untreated and acid-activated supernatants, and the amounts were calculated by extrapolating from the known recombinant TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 dilution curve. Our results show that the modified bioassay using crystal violet can measure the levels of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in culture supernatants from malignant glioma cells.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1994

Myringoplasty in the outpatient clinic.

In 1990, the authors first started performing myringoplasty with temporal fascia homografts and fibrin glue in the outpatient clinic with consequent reduction in expenditure, time and patient physical stress. Of primary consideration in homogeneous transplantation is the possibility of infection by HIV or other pathogens from donors. The fascial grafts were submitted to treatment with 99% ethyl alcohol and pasteurization resulting in the inactivation of pathogenic viruses. This paper discusses methods, eardrum perforation closing rates, hearing improvement and future application of myringoplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Malignant tumors of the head and neck in young patients.

Ten patients under 20 years of age, with malignant tumors of the head and neck was treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Kitasato University Hospital from August 1971 to December 1989. The primary lesions were situated in the nose and paranasal sinuses in 3, middle ear in 2, epipharynx in 2, and parapharynx, esophagus, and neck in 1 patient. Histological examination indicated 3 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 malignant lymphomas, and 1 each of neuroblastoma, malignant neuroendocrine tumor, transitional cell carcinoma, lymphepithelioma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The sites of origin and histopathology of malignant tumors in such patients usually differ from those in adults. Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck is common in adults but not in children, in whom non-epithelial malignant tumors or sarcomas are not rare. Radiotherapy is more effective for treating malignant tumors of the head and neck in young than in adults. Eight of 10 patients are still alive, 7 of whom for 5 years or more. Two with rhabdomyosarcoma died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Neuroleptics induce penile erection in the rabbit.

1. Intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the neuroleptics chlorpromazine, haloperidol and spiperone at doses ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg in male rabbits induced a dose-dependent penile erection. 2. The i.m. administration of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin and bunazosin (0.1-0.4 mg/kg), induced a dose-dependent penile erection. However, that of the peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist domperidone (0.4-4.0 mg/kg) and the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) did not. Penile erection was not induced by i.m. injection of chlorpromazine in combination with intrapenile administration of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine. 3. Penile erection was induced by the administration of chlorpromazine (0.25-1.00 mg/body) into the lateral cerebral ventricle. At a low dose, however, the administration of chlorpromazine into the lateral ventricle induced a less notable penile erection than that induced intramuscularly. 4. Penile erection was induced by i.m. injection of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (5-20 mg/kg). When chlorpromazine was given after pretreatment with hexamethonium, penile erection was more notable than that induced by either drug given alone. 5. These results suggest that neuroleptics could act locally in the penile structure to cause penile erection by alpha 1-adrenoceptor-blocking actions.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

Inflammatory esophagogastric polyp and fold in an adolescent.

The case of a 13 year old boy with an inflammatory esophagogastric polyp and ulcerative colitis is described. Endoscopy revealed a typical polyp and gastric fold complex at the esophagogastric junction and a hiatal hernia. Histology of a biopsy specimen confirmed an inflammatory polyp covered by hyperplastic squamous and gastric foveolar epithelium. Continuous 24 hour esophageal manometry suggested gastroesophageal reflux, which may be related to the pathogenesis of the lesion. Follow-up endoscopy showed marked regression of the polyp with medication for reflux esophagitis. This clinical entity is rare in childhood and adolescence, and the manifestations may not be readily recognized. Therefore, endoscopic biopsy is important in children with esophageal polyps. However, polypectomy is unnecessary except when malignancy is suspected or when symptoms persist.

Adolescent↗