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Biomedical subjects

H N Wellman

Publications and source records attributed to H N Wellman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Nuclear medicine studies in evaluation of skeletal lesions in children with histiocytosis X.

Radiographs were compared with 99mTc scans of the bones and bone marrow as well as 67Ga-citrate scans to evaluate their sensitivity in identifying skeletal lesions in 21 children with histiocytosis X. Seven of 20 bone scans were completely normal in patients with extensive radiographic evidence of skeletal disease. In only one patient were bone scan changes demonstrated prior to radiographic abnormalities. None of the lesions was "cold" on the bone scans. 99mTc-sulfur colloid bone marrow scans and 67Ga-citrate whole-body scans were not valuable. Radiographic survey of the skeleton should be the primary diagnostic test employed in patients with histiocytosis X who have suspected skeletal lesions. Bone scans should be obtained only when the radiographs are normal or equivocal.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1980

An automated method for the alignment of image pairs.

The computer comparison of two images of the same organ requires proper alignment of the images before further computer processing. This alignment can be achieved by (a) fixing patient position during the study, (b) alignment methods using analytical transformations, or (c) operator interaction. We propose an automated method based upon the cross-correlation between projections of the images. With fast Fourier transforms, the algorithm becomes computationally cheap.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Liver and kidney imaging with Ga-68-labeled dihydroxyanthraquinones.

This paper describes the preparation of alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and alizarin red S (sodium 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-sulfonate) labeled with Ga-68, which is obtained from a new high-yield Ge-68 leads to Ga-68 generator. The uptake of Ga-68 alizarin by liver and spleen RES was studied in rats, dogs, and human, and amounted to 80-85% of the administered dose within 5 min after i.v. injection. Gallium-68 alizarin red S was preferentially accumulated in the renal parenchyma to an extent of 70% within 2 hr after i.v. administration. Both substances combine simple and fast preparation with the potential advantages of positron scintigraphy. Complete labeling of 1 mCi Ga-68 was achieved by 100 micrograms of each compound, amounts that are without any known measurable harm to humans (LD50 alizarin red S for i.v. injected mice = 70 mg/kg (8); LD50 alizarin for i.p. injected mice > 120 mg/kg (18)).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bone scanning in management of metastatic osteogenic sarcoma.

Bone scan findings are presented from five consecutive cases of metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. Every patient had pulmonary metastases which concentrated the bone imaging radiopharmaceutical to some degree. In one patient, the diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis was made prior to our seeing any radiographic abnormalities. The mechanism by which skeletal imaging agents localize in pulmonary lesions is not clear. Unsuspected skeletal metastases were also discovered on scans in two patients, both of whom had normal radiographs. Diagnosis of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy was made in one patient with normal radiographs. These findings indicate that bone scans as well as radiographs should be performed routinely in preoperative staging and followup of patients with osteogenic sarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of bone-marrow scanning with technetium-99m sulfur colloid in pediatric oncology.

Eighty-six technetium-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-SC) bone-marrow scans in 56 pediatric oncology patients were reviewed. The distribution of the sulfur colloid was similar to that in adult bone marrow in normal children older than 10 yr, and involved progressively more marrow of the extremities in normal children under 10 years of age. After irradiation or chemotherapy there was an extension of the Tc-SC to peripheral marrow sites. There was also diminished uptake of the tracer in sites corresponding to irradiated areas. In most patients there was recovery of these defects by 6 mo after completion of therapy. Tumor replacement of the marrow was reflected in the scans, and the extent of the scan defect paralleled the course of the disease. In four patients, despite normal bone scans and radiographs, marrow-scan abnormalities due to tumor replacement were present and confirmed by needle aspiration and/or biopsy. In two other patients, the marrow-scan abnormality preceded radiographic and histologic evidence of tumor metastasis. Two patients who responded clinically showed persistent defects; biopsy in one revealed fibrosis. Technetium-99m sulfur colloid bone-marrow scanning appears to be a sensitive monitor of marrow alteration caused by metastases, irradiation damage, or tissue fibrosis in children receiving treatment for cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Diagnosis of extra-hepatic abnormalities on dynamic study over thoraco-abdominal region prior to hepatic imaging.

Findings on 262 thoraco-abdominal dynamic studies done at the time of hepatic imaging were reviewed. Twenty-nine extra-hepatic abnormalities were diagnosed solely on the basis of these studies, including pericardial and pleural effusions and decreased perfusion to one lung. Half of these abnormalities were not suspected clinically. The dynamic study is an important part of hepatic imaging and should be performed routinely. Besides aiding in differential diagnosis of various hepatic lesions, extra-hepatic abnormalities can be discovered.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Epidural hematoma of the posterior fossa: radionuclide features.

Since epidural hematomas usually present as acute neurosurgical emergencies, they are rarely studied by radionuclide imaging. An epidural hematoma in the posterior fossa showed characteristic anterior displacement of the torcular Herophili and separation of the superior sagittal sinus from the inner table of the skull on cerebral radionuclide imaging and angiography.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

A quantitative evaluation of rheumatoid arthritic activity with Tc-99m HEDP.

In an attempt to develop a quantitative method of evaluating rheumatoid arthritic activity, Tc-99m HEDP joint uptake values and joint-to-bone ratios were studied in ten adult rheumatoid arthritic patients and 17 nonarthritic patients. A joint-to-bone activity ratio of 1.8 at the fourth hour after injection (RA Index) discriminated clinically active rheumatoid arthritic joints from control joints with 95% accuracy. Serial studies on five patients during drug trial demonstrated a positive correlation between RA Index and the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritic activity. The RA Index may be a useful quantitative parameter for evaluation of rheumatoid arthritic activity following therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Skeletal scintimaging and radiography in the diagnosis and management of Paget's disease.

Experiences in sue of skeletal scintimaging, primarily with 99mTc EHDP, is reported in 108 patients with Paget's disease. The results are compared with other reports and suggest that the mean age of this sample at the time of initial diagnosis and study is somewhat younger than patients in series reported in the literature. In correlation of scintimaging with skeletal radiography only approximately 67% of lesions are seen with the latter. Lesions seen only on scintimaging primarily are associated with early symptomatic lesions and lesions seen only on radiography with older sclerotic "burned out" type lesions. Scintimaging reveals a relatively low incidence of monostotic distribution of lesions, and is superior to skeletal radiography for diagnosis of metastatic bone disease. Qualitative skeletal scintimaging is valuable for objective assessments of therapeutic management by new modes of therapy while clinical radiography is not.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Meningomyelocele and syringohydromyelia. Some radiological aspects.

Twenty meningomyelocele patients with nonfunctional ventricular shunts or no shunts were studied radiologically. This group was compared to a second group of 4 patients with functional shunts. The various techniques are compared and discussed. Pantopaque ventriculography is a potentially dangerous procedure. Radioisotope ventriculography appears to be a safe and useful method of diagnosing syringohydromyelia. Ventricular decomposition by means of a shunt appears to be an effective treatment.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1976

Radiology in primary hyperaldosteronism.

Autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone (primary hyperaldosteronism) is caused by either hyperplasia (usually bilateral) or an adenoma (frequently unilateral) of the adrenal cortex. Systemic hypertension due to an aldosteronoma is a potentially curable condition through surgical extirpation of the offending organ. In our experience with 37 patients clinically suspected to have primary hyperaldosteronism, radiological methods contributed significantly in preoperative diagnosis. These included (1) selective bilateral adrenal vein catheterization and blood sample collection, (2) adrenal venography, and (3) radioisotope adrenal scan. Unilateral hyperfunction could be accurately detected by the aldosterone assays from the collected samples. When adrenal venography was technically satisfactory, a nodule or aggregate of nodules measuring at least 7 mm and located on the margin of the gland or 1.5 cm or more in diameter when located in the center of the gland were readily identified. Enlarged adrenal gland on venography, in itself, was not a dependable index of a hyperfunctioning gland. Presence of a higher uptake on one side on the radioisotope adrenal scan did not always indicate the hyperfunctioning gland, but lack of lateralization of adrenal hyperfunction was more accurately predicted on the radioisotope scan than by venography. Four histopathological patterns were recognized in the surgically removed adrenal glands, but no correlation between these patterns and clinical behavior or postoperative course was found.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Radiosotope evaluation of experimental hydrosyringomyelia.

Kaolin-induced hydrosyringomyelia in dogs has been investigated by radioisotope ventriculography using both cerebrospinal fluid radioassay and scintigraphy. The hydromyelic central canal can be differentiated from the spinal subarachnoid space by scintigraphy, Serial studies show that hydromyelia arises rapidly to decompress the associated hydrocephalus in surviving animals. Syringomyelia, after a delayed onset, originates from the enlarged central canal. Radioisotope ventriculography may be a useful clinical aid in the diagnosis of hydrosyringomyelia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Clinical radiosotope investigations in hydrosyringomyelia and myelodysplasia.

Radioisotope ventriculography was applied clinically in myelodysplastic hydromyelia in three groups of patients: two patients with normal ventricles, two with obstructive hydrocephalus, and 16 with myelodysplasia. In the myelodysplastic group, radioassay in one patient demonstrated flow of radioistope down the hydromyelic cavity. Twenty scintigraphic studies on 16 myelodysplastic patients showed hydromyelia was present in all patients with spontaneously compensated hydrocephalus but in none of those with functional ventricular shunts. This relation between the hydromyelia and disordered ventricular hydrodynamics supports the Gardner hypothesis of myelodysplasia. Radioisotope ventriculography appears a safe and useful method of diagnosing hydrosyringomyelia and evaluating treatment by means of ventricular decompression.

Adolescent↗