Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H N Erb

Publications and source records attributed to H N Erb.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Abomasal ulcer disease in adult dairy cattle.

In a review of case records of all dairy cattle greater than or equal to 1 year of age admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine in a 4-year-period, abomasal ulcer disease was diagnosed definitively in 42 (2.17%) of cattle. In 5 additional cattle, abomasal ulcers were secondary to lymphosarcoma. The mortality rate for cattle with confirmed abomasal ulcer disease was 50%. For cattle with ulcers causing severe blood loss or diffuse peritonitis, the mortality rate was 100%. Concurrent disease conditions were present in 76% of cattle with abomasal ulcer disease. Significant associations were observed between month of diagnosis and abomasal ulcer disease, and between lactation status and ulcer disease; however, no association between age and ulcer disease was observed. In 71% of all cattle with confirmed abomasal ulcer disease, at least 1 of the following clinical signs was observed: abdominal pain, melena, or pale mucous membranes. Cattle with ulcers causing severe blood loss typically had tachycardia and were anemic. Cattle with ulcers causing peritonitis had elevated concentrations of leukocytes in the peritoneal fluid. Hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis was a common finding in cattle with each type of abomasal ulcer disease except those with ulcers causing diffuse peritonitis, when metabolic acidosis occasionally occurred.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1982

Predictability by somatic cell counts related to prevalence of intrammary infection within herds.

Somatic cells were counted and bacteria identified for milk samples from 719 lactating dairy cows in 12 commercial herds. These pooled data were used to look at the accuracy of alternative thresholds of somatic cell counts as indicators of intramammary infection. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictability positive and negative at alternative cell count thresholds were calculated. There was an increase of incidence of infection associated with increased cell count. Raising the cell count threshold increased predictability positive and specificity and decreased sensitivity and predictability negative. Also, the effect of prevalence of infection on predictabilities was examined for the pooled data on sensitivity and specificity at a cell count threshold of 400,000 cells/ml. As prevalence of infection increased, predictability of a positive test result also increased, but predictability negative decreased. Differences in accuracy of somatic cell count as a predictor of infection at varying prevalences of infection suggest that test results should be interpreted for individual herds.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The identification of structures and conditions responsible for right side tympanitic resonance (ping) in adult cattle.

In review of the case records of all cattle greater than or equal to 2 years of age admitted to the Large Animal Hospital of the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine in a 3-year-period, 366 were identified as having areas of right side tympanitic resonance (ping) due to gas distention of intra-abdominal structures. The source of the ping was identified as abomasum in 137 cattle, various segments of the intestinal tract in 157 cattle, and peritoneal gas in 2 cattle. In 70 cattle, no identification was made as to the source of the ping. In 151 (41%) of the cattle with areas of ping, both the clinical and definitive (surgical or necropsy) identification of the source of the ping was recorded. In these cattle, the sensitivity and predictive value of the clinical identification were determined for each structure. The sensitivity and predictively; for cecum and/or ascending colon, the sensitivity and predictive value were both 87%. Of all cattle in which a right side ping was recorded, the principal final diagnoses were: left displacement of the abomasum (116), right displacement of the abomasum (77), abomasal (and omasal) and volvulus (60), other gastrointestinal conditions (73), nongastrointestinal conditions(40).

Abomasum↗
PubMed1982

Control of Filaroides hirthi in commercially reared beagle dogs.

Two commercial research Beagle breeding colonies began a control program for Filaroides hirthi. All stud dogs and all nonpregnant, nonlactating brood bitches were given two courses, 2-4 weeks apart, of 25 mg/kg body weight albendazole per os twice daily for 5 days. Puppies of treated dams were isolated from puppies of nontreated dams. The proportions of infected puppies of puppies killed in 1979 were 45% and 78% from the two colonies. After 1979, the proportions were 0.2% and 24%. One colony may have had a problem with albendazole toxicity; the problem was stopped by changing the diet.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1981

Interrelationships between production and reproductive diseases in Holstein cows. Conditional relationships between production and disease.

By methods of conditional odds ratio with a set of 2960 Holstein lactation records, relationships between occurrences of disease in a lactation were examined. There were strong positive relationships between retained placenta and metritis and between cystic follicle and luteal cyst. Interaction was among dystocia, retained placenta, and metritis and among retained placenta, cystic follicle, and luteal cyst. Metritis was an intervening variable between retained placenta and cystic follicle, retained placenta was a common cause variable for metritis and luteal cyst, and cystic follicle was either an intervening variable or a common cause for metritis and luteal cyst. Discriminant analyses were used to investigate production variables and other diseases as causes of disease, and multiple regression analyses indicated effects of disease on other diseases and current production in a subset of 810 lactation records. Breed class averages for milk and fat, days in milk, and dry period in one lactation had little effect on occurrence of disease in the subsequent lactation. Metritis, cystic follicle, and luteal cyst directly increased calving interval 20 to 27 days. Cystic follicle directly increased breed class averages 5.5 points. None of the five diseases directly increased days in milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Interrelationships between production and reproductive diseases in holstein cows. Path analysis.

Path models were constructed to investigate causes and effects of dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, cystic follicle, and luteal cyst. The general model included 12 variables: five diseases, age, previous and current breed class average for milk, previous and current days in milk, days dry, and calving interval. The general model indicated 40 bivariate relationships (34 allegedly causal). Restricted models were derived. These included all variables except dystocia (possibly because the set of 810 lactation records excluded data on primiparous cows) and 26 bivariate associations (20 causal). In these models, breed class average, days in milk, and dry period in the previous lactation had little effect on disease. The most important cause and effect relationship among the diseases was retained placenta causing metritis. Excluding dystocia, all of the diseases caused increases in calving interval (16.79 to 35.82 days), in the breed class average for milk (.50 to 6.51 points), and in days in milk (8.72 to 19.73 days). Most increases in the breed class average were of less than 2 points and were mediated by the increase in calving interval (days open); however, there was a direct effect of cystic follicle on the breed class average for mild of +5.58 points (+297 kg).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Incidence rates of cystic follicles in Holstein cows according to 15-day and 30-day intervals.

Cystic ovarian follicles occurred in 198 out of 1599 (12.4%) Ontario Holstein lactations. These occurrences were grouped by date of diagnosis into 15-day and 30-day intervals after calving, and only open cows were considered. The incidence rates for the 15-day intervals form zero to 150 days of lactation varied form 0.2% to 3.5%; the highest rate was 31 to 45 days. The incidence rates for the 30-day intervals from zero to 210 days of lactation varied form 1.4% to 6.8%, depending on the method of calculating the denominator of the rate. The consistently highest 30-day rate was at 31 to 60 days (4.7% or 4.8%).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Interrelationships between production and reproductive diseases in Holstein cows. Data.

Described are data in a retrospective study of the epidemiology of dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, cystic follicle, and luteal cyst. The 2960 lactation records by 1401 registered Holstein cows in 20 commercial herds were from the Canadian Record of Performance, and the disease data were from the herd health program of the Ontario Veterinary College. Means and standard deviations of production variables were age 4.6 yr, days dry 77.0 +/- 46.9, calving interval 417.6 +/- 71.5 days, breed class average for milk 129.4 +/- 22.5, fat 132.5 +/- 25.5, and days in milk 342.1 +/- 60.6. Rates of disease per lactation were dystocia 5.0%, retained placenta 7.1%, metritis 13.8%, cystic follicle 12.9%, and luteal cyst 3.2%. The distribution of calving ages suggested that the annual herd turnover was 20 to 25%. The distribution of diseases per lactation suggested that diseases occurred together in lactations more often than expected.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Interrelationships between production and reproductive diseases in Holstein cows. Age and seasonal patterns.

Influences of age and season on occurrence of dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, cystic follicle, and luteal cyst were studied retrospectively. The 6 yr of data were from 2960 lactation records of 1401 registered Holstein cows from 20 commercial herds that participated in the dairy herd health program of the Ontario Veterinary College. For each disease, odds ratio analyses compared the risk of disease in each age group to the risk in all other age groups pooled. The following age groups were at increased risks of diseases: dystocia, 2 to less than 4 yr; retained placenta and metritis, 7 to less than 10 yr and 10 or more yr; cystic follicle and luteal cyst, 10 yr or more. For all diseases except dystocia, age 2 to less than 4 yr was at decreased risk. Formal statistical methods were used to test for unimodal seasonal patterns in monthly calvings, in monthly disease incidence (number of diagnoses), and in risk (lactational incidence rate) of disease according to month of calving. There were the following significant peaks: fall calvings in the age group 2 to less than 4 yr, summer-fall risk of metritis, fall-winter incidence of dystocia and metritis, and fall-winter risk of dystocia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Age, breed and seasonal patterns in the occurrence of ten dairy cow diseases: a case control study.

A total of 5,990 occurences of the diseases abomasal displacement, cystic graafian follicles, endometritis, hypocalcemia, ketosis, mastitis, metritis, ovarian hypofuction, pyometra and retained placenta were included in a case control study. The study was based on a hospital population of Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Jersey cows who were at least two years of age. The data were retrieved from computer storage of material abstracted for the Veterinary Medical Data Program. The transcription of data from original case records to these abstracts was examined as a source of error. An attempt was made to define each of the diseases by reference to random samples of the clinical records. Using the log-odds method, trends were noted for the youngest cows to be at increased risk of the reproductive diseases and for the Guernsey cows to be at increased risk of the uterine diseases. There was a tendency for peaks in disease occurrences in the winter (as opposed to summer) months.

Abomasum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isoflurane anesthesia for equine colic surgery. Comparison with halothane anesthesia.

Isoflurane was compared with halothane as an anesthetic agent for emergency colic surgery in a series of 38 juvenile and adult horses. After presurgical stabilization with fluids and supportive medications, anesthesia was induced by intravenous xylazine and/or diazepam followed by ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or halothane in oxygen with controlled ventilation. Heart rates (HR), arterial blood gases, mean arterial pressures (MAP), rate pressure products (RPP), requirements for cardiovascular support medications, and recovery times to standing were compared using nonparametric methods. Cardiopulmonary responses to isoflurane and halothane anesthesia were generally comparable although some temporal differences were observed. Higher HR (p less than 0.02) and lower PaCO2 levels (p less than 0.01) were identified during the course of isoflurane anesthesia. Recovery times to standing were significantly shorter (0.02 less than p less than 0.05) after isoflurane than halothane anesthesia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feline thyroidectomy. A comparison of postoperative hypocalcemia associated with three different surgical techniques.

Three bilateral thyroidectomy techniques used in 41 hyperthyroid cats over a 7 year period were compared for rates of postoperative hypocalcemia. Extracapsular dissection of the thyroid glands resulted in an 82% rate of postoperative hypocalcemia. An intracapsular dissection technique produced a 36% rate of postoperative hypocalcemia. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was reduced to 11% when bilateral thyroidectomies were done asynchronously (staged), 3 to 4 weeks apart. Immediate postoperative treatment with dihydrotachysterol did not reduce the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia. Because the incidence of hypocalcemia did not differ significantly between intracapsular and staged intracapsular dissection, the authors concluded that staged bilateral thyroidectomy in hyperthyroid cats had limited benefit over simultaneous bilateral thyroidectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ileocolostomy. A technique for surgical management of equine cecal impaction.

Several surgical alternatives have been described for the management of cecal impaction in the horse, but none has met with consistently successful results. This study was done to evaluate a surgical bypass of the cecum by anastomosis of the ileum to the right ventral colon (ileocolostomy). A ventral midline celiotomy was performed on nine adult ponies (155-350 kg) and a mechanically stapled 10 cm side-to-side ileocolostomy was created. In five ponies a complete cecal bypass (CCB) was created by transecting the ileum distal to the anastomosis. In the other four, an incomplete cecal bypass (ICB) was created with no interruption of the ileum. Six horses with clinical cecal impaction also underwent cecal bypass procedures. Five had a CCB and one had an ICB. All the ponies maintained body weight, had no change in consistency of the feces and had no abdominal pain during the 6 month observation period. At necropsy, the lengths of the lateral cecal band, lateral free band of the colon, and the diameter of the anastomotic stoma were compared to measurements made at surgery. The lateral cecal band length decreased significantly more in the CCB ponies than in the ICB ponies (p = 0.008). The anastomotic stoma diameter was significantly larger in the ICB group than in the CCB group (p = 0.032). Five of the six clinical cases recovered and returned to their previous activity. CCB by an ileocolostomy resulted in removal of the cecum from the functional flow of ingesta without complication in the ponies, and was successful in five clinical cases of cecal impaction.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of intraabdominal adhesions in ponies by low-dose heparin therapy.

An ischemic bowel model was used to stimulate adhesion formation in eight ponies. Heparin (40 USP u/kg) or saline was administered intravenously at surgery and was continued subcutaneously every 12 hours for 48 hours to evaluate the efficacy of heparin in preventing intraabdominal adhesions. Ponies were euthanatized after 6 weeks, and postmortem examinations were performed. A statistically significant difference was found between the heparin-treated and the control groups. Adhesions developed in three of four control ponies, and adhesions did not develop in three of four heparin-treated ponies. None of the adhesions resulted in clinical disease. In this study, heparin decreased the formation of adhesions in ponies after experimentally induced intestinal ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal disorders in 61 horses. Results of nonsurgical and surgical management.

Obstructive esophageal disorders in 61 horses included feed or foreign body impaction (27 horses), strictures (18 horses), perforations (11 horses), and diverticula (5 horses). Horses with feed impaction were treated nonsurgically (25 horses) or by esophagotomy (2 horses). Survival to discharge was 78%, and 37% of these had persistent chronic obstruction at home. Long-term survival was 52%. Long-term survival of nine horses treated nonsurgically for esophageal strictures was 22%; for nine horses treated surgically it was 44%. Long-term survival of horses treated nonsurgically was significantly better in acute than chronic strictures. Surgical repair of esophageal mural strictures was more successful than repair of annular or mucosal strictures. One third of the horses with strictures were foals. Long-term survival for horses with strictures was 33%. Long-term survival was higher for the horses with perforations managed surgically (2 of 4) than nonsurgically (0 of 7). Long-term survival for this group was 18%. One esophageal diverticulum was managed nonsurgically, and four were treated surgically; all horses survived long term. Complications of obstructive esophageal disorders included aspiration pneumonia, chronic obstruction, esophageal mucosal ulceration, postoperative infection, pleuritis, laminitis, laryngeal paralysis, and Horner's syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nuclear medical bone imaging and targeted radiography for evaluation of skeletal neoplasms in 23 dogs.

Nuclear medical bone imaging was used in combination with targeted radiography to detect metastatic or multicentric lesions in 23 dogs with skeletal neoplasms. Each dog with a radiographically diagnosed skeletal neoplasm was injected with Technetium-99m labeled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) (15.0 mCi intravenously) for whole body imaging. All areas with increased uptake of 99mTc-MDP were radiographed. In 19 dogs, the amount of bone shaft involvement in primary sites indicated by bone imaging was larger than the amount indicated by radiography. Eighteen dogs had secondary areas of increased 99mTc-MDP uptake, six of which had secondary areas that were suspected radiographically to be neoplastic. Four dogs had lesions characterized histologically as neoplasia, one as bone infarction and one as normal cortical bone. Positive predictive value for this strategy was 66.7%. Results of this study suggest that nuclear medical bone imaging with targeted radiography is a quick, noninvasive technique with a good positive predictive value for evaluation of the skeleton for metastatic or multicentric sites of neoplasia.

Animals↗