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H Murer

Publications and source records attributed to H Murer.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Demonstration of sodium-dependent, electrogenic substrate transport in rat small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles by a cyanine dye.

The cyanine dye DiS-C2(5) was tested as an indicator for changes in membrane potential of subfractionated rat jejunal brush border membrane vesicles. The fluorescence of this dye increased with inside positive and decreased with inside negative potentials. The sensitivity to inside negative potentials was greater than to inside positive potentials. The addition of L-alanine, L-phenylalanine, L-methionine, D-galactose and D-glucose in the presence of sodium provoked a transient fluorescence increase indicating an inside positive membrane potential due to electrogenic, sodium-coupled transport. Besides the sodium-dependence, the dye reflected stereo-specificity and saturability of D-glucose transport. When D-glucose loaded vesicles were incubated in D-glucose-free medium, a decrease in fluorescence was observed indicating that D-glucose efflux is also electrogenic.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Intravesicular NAD has no effect on sodium-dependent phosphate transport in isolated renal brush border membrane vesicles.

The effects of intravesicular NAD on Na+-dependent 32Pi uptake were investigated in isolated rat kidney brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). NAD was introduced into the vesicles by osmotic shock, and extravesicular NAD was removed by passing the vesicles through a anion exchange column. The effectiveness of the osmotic shock procedure and the hydrolysis of extra- and intravesicular NAD were controlled by enzymatic analysis and thin layer chromatography. ADP-ribosylation of the membrane proteins was analyzed in vesicles osmotically shocked in the presence of either [adenylate-32P]-NAD or [adenine-2,8-3H]-NAD by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that the Na+-dependent Pi uptake was inhibited when the BBMV were incubated with NAD at alkaline pH, which resulted in rapid NAD hydrolysis. When NAD was present in the intravesicular space only, the Na+-dependent Pi uptake was not inhibited. 32P from NAD was rapidly incorporated into a number of brush border membrane proteins, but no incorporation of 3H-adenine could be detected. The results provide evidence that NAD does not inhibit Pi transport by a direct interaction with the cytoplasmic side of the brush border membrane. No evidence of ADP-ribosylation of the brush border membrane protein(s) was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Functional roles of Na+ and H+ in SO2-4 transport by rabbit ileal brush border membrane vesicles.

Sulphate uptake by rabbit ileal brush border membrane vesicles was stimulated by a transmembrane sodium gradient [( Na+]o greater than [Na+]i), but not by a similar potassium gradient. 35SO4(-2) influx ( JSO4 oi ) from outside (o) to inside (i) these vesicles was a hyperbolic function of [SO4-2]o and the affinity constant for anion transport was strongly influenced by [Na+]o (100 mM Na+, KSO4 t = 0.52 mM SO4 -2; 10 mM Na+, KSO4 t = 4.32 mM SO4-2). JSO4 oi was a sigmoidal function of [Na+]o at pH 7.4 for both low (0.2 M) and high (4.0 mM) [SO4-2]o. The Na+-dependency of JSO4 oi was examined at pH 6.0, 7.4, and 8.0 (same pH inside and outside). At pH 6.0 and 7.4 sigmoidal Na+-dependent JSO4 oi exhibited nonlinear Eadie-Hofstee plots indicative of a transport mechanism capable of binding a variable number of sodium ions over the [Na+]o range used. Hill plots of anion transport under these conditions displayed slopes near unity at low [Na+]o and slopes approximating 2.0 at higher cation concentrations. At pH 8.0, Na+-dependent JSO4 oi was hyperbolic and showed linear Eadie-Hofstee and Hill plots, the latter with a single slope near 1.0. When a H+ gradient was imposed across the vesicle wall (pHi = 8.0, pHo = 6.0), Na+-dependent JSO4 oi was hyperbolic and significantly increased at each [Na+]o over values observed using bilateral pH 8.0. In contrast, a H+ gradient oriented in the opposite direction (pHi = 6.0, pHo = 8.0) led to Na+-dependent JSO4 oi that was sigmoidal and significantly lower at each [Na+]o than values found using bilateral pH 6.0. Electrogenicity of JSO4 oi at pH 8.0 for both high and low [Na+]o was demonstrated by using a valinomycin-induced transmembrane electrical potential difference. At pH 6.0, electrogenic JSO4 oi occurred only at low [Na+]o (5 mM); anion transfer was electroneutral at 50 mM Na+. A model is proposed for proton regulation of sodium sulphate cotransport where flux stoichiometry is controlled by [H+]i and sodium binding affinity is modified by [H+]o. Preliminary experiments with rabbit proximal tubular brush border membrane vesicles disclosed similar JSO4 oi kinetic properties and a common transport mechanism may occur in both tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of pH on phosphate transport into intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles.

The effect of pH on the rate of phosphate (Pi) uptake was studied in rabbit duodenal brush-border membrane vesicles. Pi uptake was found to be sodium dependent at all pH values tested (5.7-8.1). Further, the rate of Pi uptake depended on pH; for instance, with 100 mM external sodium, reducing the pH from 8.1 to 6.8 or 5.7 doubled the rate of Pi influx. At 100 mM external sodium, experiments under initial rate conditions, carried out with varying Pi concentrations and at pH values of 6, 6.8, or 7.6, showed that sodium-dependent Pi uptake was saturable at the three pH values tested; the apparent Km expressed in function of total Pi was not dependent on pH. Vmax was not affected between pH 6 and 6.8 but was significantly reduced at pH 7.6. Lowering external sodium lowered Vmax at all pH values investigated. At acid and alkaline pH the rate of Pi uptake was a sigmoidal function of the external sodium concentration. Hill coefficients, calculated from these experiments, exceeded unity and were unaffected by pH. At saturating sodium concentrations, the rate of Pi uptake was higher at pH 6 than at pH 7.6. The [Na]0.5 was lower at pH 7.6 than at pH 6. Further, sodium-dependent Pi uptake appeared to be electrogenic at acid and alkaline pH. It is concluded that the pH dependence of intestinal Pi transport is not an expression of preferential transport of monovalent or divalent phosphate. The pH dependence appears to reflect properties of the sodium-phosphate cotransport mechanism and is in part related to changes in the affinity of the transport system for sodium.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sodium-dependent transport of phosphate in LLC-PK1 cells.

Transport of phosphate has been studied in subconfluent monolayers of LLC-PK1 cells. It was found that this transport system shows similar characteristics to those observed in the kidney. Uptake of phosphate is mediated by a Na+-dependent, substrate-saturable process with an apparent Km value for phosphate of 96 +/- 15 mumol/l. Kinetic analysis of the effect of Na+ indicated that at (pH 7.4) two sodium ions are cotransported with one HOP4(2-) ion (Hill coefficient 1.5) with an apparent Km value for sodium of 56 mmol/l. Pi uptake is inhibited by metabolic inhibitors (ouabain and FCCP). In the pH range of 6.6 of 7.4 Pi uptake rate does not change significantly, indicating that both the monovalent and the divalent form of phosphate are accepted by the transport system. It is suggested that phosphate is transported by LLC-PK1 cells together with sodium (2 Na+:1 HPO4(2-) in an electroneutral manner down a favourable sodium gradient.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of basolateral membranes from columnar cells of the proximal colon of the guinea pig.

A method for an analytical isolation of plasma membranes from columnar cells (colonocytes) of the proximal colon of the guinea pig is described. Isolation of the colonocytes was performed by a mild EDTA-chelation method. After homogenization, two subsequent sucrose gradient centrifugations (isokinetic and isopycnic) yielded a plasma-membrane fraction which was enriched 12-fold in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity and 8-fold in adenylate cyclase activity. It is suggested that the purified membrane fraction consists mainly of basolateral membranes of the colonocytes. Due to the lack of suitable marker enzymes, no evidence for enrichment of the brush-border membranes was obtained. Histochemical studies demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase is absent from the luminal membrane of the surface epithelial cells of the proximal colon of the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A high-affinity, calmodulin-dependent Ca2+ pump in the basal-lateral plasma membranes of kidney cortex.

A purified preparation of kidney basolateral membrane vesicles is capable of ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. The reaction has high affinity for Ca2+ (Km about 0.1 microM) and a V of 5.8 nmol Ca2+ X mg-1 protein X min-1 in the predominantly right-side-out vesicular preparation used. It is inhibited by vanadate (K0.5 about 5 microM) and by anti-calmodulin drugs. A stimulatory effect of calmodulin is visible in membranes depleted of the activator. Exposure of basolateral membranes to 125I-azido-modified calmodulin results in the specific labeling of a membrane protein of Mr 141 000, which is tentatively suggested to be the Ca2+-pumping ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Heterogeneity of brush-border-membrane vesicles from rat small intestine prepared by a precipitation method using Mg/EGTA.

Brush border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine were isolated by a Mg/EGTA precipitation method. Further fractionation either by free flow electrophoresis or by sucrose density gradient centrifugation leads to subfractions which differ with respect to enzyme enrichment factors, transport properties for D-glucose and protein pattern analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A relative enrichment of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase is found in one fraction, whereas in another fraction maltase, aminopeptidase M and alkaline phosphatase are relatively enriched. The fractions show different properties of D-glucose transport under tracer exchange conditions and a different inhibition of D-glucose transport by phlorizin and phloretin. These results indicate that the vesicles obtained from rat small intestine by this cation precipitation method are not homogeneous. The inhomogeneity cannot be due to a crosscontamination by membranes other than from the cell envelopment, as none of the fractions show a significant enrichment of succinate--cytochrome c oxidoreductase, KCN-resistant NADH oxidoreductase or glucosaminidase. The inhomogeneity might be due either to a crosscontamination by basal-lateral membranes or to membranes derived from epithelial cells not yet fully differentiated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The application of a potential-sensitive cyanine dye to rat small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.

The sensitivity of the fluorescent dye, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine (DiS-C2(5], was too low for the detection of membrane potential changes in rat small intestinal membrane vesicles. Only after adding LaCl3 or after fractionation of the intestinal membranes by free-flow electrophoresis could the dye be used to monitor electrogenic Na+-dependent transport systems. It is concluded that the response of this potential-sensitive dye is influenced by the negative surface charge density of the vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of cyclic nucleotides and cholera toxin on in vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of small intestinal brush border membranes.

The effect of cyclic nucleotides and cholera toxin on the phosphorylation of the brush border membrane proteins of the rat jejunum was studied. Phosphorylation was analyzed by autoradiography of brush border membrane proteins separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Phosphorylation was performed either in vivo by perfusion of the jejunum with [32P]orthophosphate followed by an analysis of the isolated membranes or in vitro by phosphorylation of isolated brush border membranes by [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of saponin. The addition of cholera toxin (10 micrograms/ml) or dibutyryl-cAMP (5 mmol/l) to the perfusate was unable to produce significant changes in the phosphoprotein pattern. On the other hand, cAMP (at 5 mumol/l) induced an increase of the phosphorylation of a 86 kDa protein when freshly isolated brush border membranes were phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP. However, the same effect could also be induced by low concentrations of cGMP (0.1 mumol/l). It is concluded that brush border membranes from rat jejunum do not contain cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity and that cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation of this membrane does probably not represent the final event of cholera toxin-induced secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Transport of L-lysine by rat renal brush border membrane vesicles.

L-3H-lysine uptake into brush border membrane vesicles was measured by a rapid filtration technique. A significant binding of L-lysine at the vesicle interior was observed. Extrapolating initial linear uptake to zero incubation time did not indicate binding of the amino acid to the external membrane surface. Sodium stimulated the L-lysine uptake specifically. Experiments in the presence of potassium/valinomycin induced diffusion potentials, and experiments with a potential sensitive fluorescent dye documented an electrogenic uptake mechanism for L-lysine only in the presence of sodium. Sodium independent uptake proceeds via an electroneutral pathway. Transstimulation experiments show carrier mediated uptake in the presence and absence of sodium. An outwardly directed proton-gradient stimulated L-lysine uptake in the presence and absence of sodium. Saturation of L-lysine uptake was observed in the presence and absence of sodium. In the absence of sodium, L-lysine uptake was inhibited by L-arginine, L-cystine, L-phenylalanine and L-methionine. The sodium dependent uptake was inhibited by L-arginine and L-cysteine; small inhibition by L-phenylalanine was observed. In the presence or absence of sodium, L-lysine uptake was inhibited neither by D-lysine nor by L-glutamic acid. These results document carrier mediated transport of L-lysine via (a) transport mechanism(s) not obligatory requiring sodium.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Transport of L-lysine by rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.

Brush border membranes were isolated from rat jejunum by a divalent cation precipitation method. 3H-L-Lysine uptake was measured by a rapid filtration technique. Uptake after prolonged incubation periods was osmotically insensitive and represented almost exclusively binding to the vesicles. Extrapolating initial linear uptake to a zero incubation time indicated no binding of the amino acid to the external membrane surface. Sodium did not significantly alter the initial uptake rate. L-Lysine transport represents a carrier mediated uptake in the presence and absence of sodium as indicated by the transstimulation experiments. The transport mechanism operates stereospecifically and is inhibited by other basic amino acids and L-leucine and L-phenylalanine. Saturation experiments result in a Km of 0.26 mmoles/l and a Vmax of 272 pmoles/mg protein/10s. Inside negative anion diffusion potentials and inside negative potassium diffusion potentials (valinomycin) were unable to increase the transport rate. Transmembrane pH-gradients were also unable to alter transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Phosphorylation of rat kidney proximal tubular brush border membranes. Role of c-AMP dependent protein phosphorylation in the regulation of phosphate transport.

A possible correlation between cyclic-AMP dependent protein phosphorylation and altered sodium dependent transport of inorganic phosphate was analyzed in isolated rat renal proximal tubular brush border membrane vesicles. In transiently opened vesicles (opened by an osmotic shock), the addition of gamma-32P-ATP leads to 32P-incorporation into several membrane proteins. The simultaneous addition of cyclic-AMP leads to increased phosphorylation of several proteins (e.g. apparent molecular weights: 40 kD, 46 kD, 55 kD). The addition of ATP, GTP and ITP to the osmotic shock medium leads to an (non-specific) inhibition of the sodium gradient dependent phosphate uptake. No further inhibition of the sodium dependent phosphate transport was observed when membrane vesicles were phosphorylated by ATP in the presence of cyclic-AMP. These data show a lack of correlation between cyclic-AMP dependent protein phosphorylation and altered sodium gradient dependent phosphate transport. Thus, there is no experimental support for the involvement of cyclic-AMP dependent protein phosphorylation as one of the final events in the regulation of phosphate transport across the rat renal proximal tubular brush border membrane.

Animals↗