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Biomedical subjects

H Murayama

Publications and source records attributed to H Murayama.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Abdominal wall fat index, estimated by ultrasonography, for assessment of the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in the abdomen.

PURPOSE: To establish a new index of regional fat distribution using ultrasonography for assessment of the ratio of the visceral fat area (V) to the subcutaneous fat area (S) (V/S ratio). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects examined were 62 patients (23 males and 39 females); 51 patients had hyperlipidemia and 11 patients had glucose intolerance. The mean body mass indices ranged from 20.3 to 42.9. The mean age of the patients was 44 +/- 13 years. The thicknesses of the preperitoneal fat layer (P) and subcutaneous fat layer (S) in the abdomen were measured by ultrasonography and the P/S ratio was calculated. The V/S ratio was obtained with radiographic computed tomography. RESULTS: Of the various P/S ratios examined, the ratio of the maximum thickness of preperitoneal fat to the minimum thickness of subcutaneous fat was most closely correlated with the V/S ratio (r = 0.746, p < 0.0001). This ratio was termed the abdominal wall fat index (AFI). AFI was positively correlated with serum triglyceride levels and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.312, p < 0.05), whereas the V/S ratio was correlated with triglyceride levels. AFI was positively correlated with basal insulin levels in both men and women. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that AFI measured by ultrasonography may be a new indicator of visceral fat deposition, and may reflect metabolic disorders such as lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism disorders.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Effects of fixation and varying target length on the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction for detection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I proviral DNA in formalin-fixed tissue sections.

In this study, the fixation condition most suitable for maintaining the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was investigated by using the alpha-tubulin gene sequence, and the PCR procedure most effective for detecting human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral sequences in fixed, embedded tissues of adult T-cell leukemia patients was explored. First, the sensitivity of the PCR targeting a 286-bp alpha-tubulin sequence was studied in tissue sections fixed in several fixatives for various periods at 25 or 4 degrees C. For histological examination, fixation with 10% buffered formalin at a lower temperature for a shorter period was found to be preferable to retain the sensitivity. And the HTLV-I sequence was detected in only 7 of 18 specimens (38.9%) when the 374-bp sequence of the gag region was targeted, but the rate increased to 77.8% (14 of 18 specimens) when the length of the target sequence was reduced to 120 bp within the same region. Therefore, the one-round PCR targeting a shorter sequence is preferable for application of PCR to archival fixed tissue specimens, the fixation condition of which may not be ideal for DNA preservation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The 'midband' lipoprotein is a coronary risk factor in Japanese patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.

The relationship between coronary stenosis and 'midband' lipoprotein, which was observed between low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins by 3% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was studied in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The subjects were 46 patients with FH, who were evaluated by coronary angiography. The groups with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared. Age, sex ratio, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels were matched in these two groups. In addition, Achilles tendon thickness and the incidence of risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking between these two groups were matched. Under these conditions, the frequency of midband was higher in the patients with CAD (20/26) than that in patients without (4/20). The results suggest that the presence of a midband among Japanese is an independent risk factor for coronary stenosis even in cases of FH who have severe hypercholesterolaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis and characterization of oligonucleotides containing the alpha-anomer of deoxyadenosine to study its influence on DNA replication.

The alpha-anomer of 2'-deoxyadenosine 1 is a major adenine lesion produced by hydroxyl radicals in DNA. To assess its biochemical effects on DNA replication, 1 was site-specifically incorporated into oligonucleotide templates using phosphoramidite chemistry. The templates were purified and extensively characterized to ensure their homogeneity and nucleotide sequences.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Aortic valve replacement for narrow aortic ostium, supraannular insertion at noncoronary sinus with Bjrk-Shiley valve].

Fifteen patients with small aortic annuli underwent aortic valve replacement either isolated or combined with other procedures. All patients had aortic valve replacement with Björk-Shiley prosthesis larger than the aortic annulus. The prosthesis was sutured in a supraannular position in the area corresponding to the noncoronary sinus. There was no hospital and late death. In the long term follow up, 21 mm prosthetic gradients by doppler method ranged from 17 to 43 (29.9 +/- 7.3) mmHg in patients with supraannular aortic valve replacement and from 20 to 45 (27.4 +/- 7.1) mmHg in patients with standard aortic valve replacement, which showed statistically no significant difference. Because this technique allows the insertion of prosthetic valves one sizes larger than the size of aortic annulus, it will produce stable hemodynamic result. As a consequence, those procedure such as transannular patch reconstruction will be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Radioimmunodetection of colorectal cancer, using anti-CEA monoclonal antibody CEA102: experience of 20 cases].

The monoclonal antibody CEA 102 against carcinoembryonic antigen was produced by immunization with purified CEA, and used as a radiotracer for the imaging of colorectal cancer. CEA102 was labeled with 131I by the chloramine-T or the Iodogen method, and administered i.v. to 20 patients with liver metastases, local recurrences, and/or primary tumors. Planar scintigraphy was performed during 5 or 6 postinfusion days. Hypersensitivity reactions such as fever and chill occurred in 4 patients, but no side effects were noted after endotoxin was excluded. Overall sensitivity was 71.4% (primary tumor 4/4, liver metastasis 5/6, lymph node metastasis 1/1, local recurrence 5/10), and no false positive was observed. In the cases of local recurrences, this method was useful to distinguish postoperative fibrosis from local recurrence. These results revealed that radiolabeled CEA102 has a great potential in qualitative diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of Behçet's disease associated with ascending aortitis and aortic regurgitations--surgical repair with Cabrol's method].

This is the case report of a 52 years old female patient operated with Cabrol's method for the inflammatory lesion of the aortic root in Behçet's disease. The diagnosis of incomplete type of Behçet's disease had already been established 4 years ago and the patient had been taking regular check-up since then. About one year ago, newly developed cardiac murmur compatible with aortic regurgitation was detected and the patient was subsequently referred to us for the surgical repair. Although aortic valve replacement (AVR) was attempted first, Cabrol's method was lastly chosen, since inflammatory features on the surface of the ascending aorta associated with slight aortic annular dilatation were observed during the procedure and it was easily anticipated that these might induce postoperative paravalvular leakage and pseudoaneurysm, if AVR were performed. Two weeks after the surgery, the patient developed aphthous stomatitis associated with several other evidences of inflammatory recurrence, the steroid therapy was instituted with prednisolone. Post operative progress was uneventful and the patient has been completely well at the 6th month after the surgery. In conclusion, it is strongly recommended the Cabrol's method should be chosen to prevent post operative unfavourable complications, whenever any evidence of inflammation is observed around the aortic root area.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1993

[Surgical repair of aortico-left ventricular tunnel, a case report].

Aortico-left ventricular tunnel is an extremely rare congenital heart disease. Although there are dozens of English-written literature about this condition, we could not find any report in Japanese. Our patient was a boy whose illness was diagnosed as aortico-left ventricular tunnel when he was three years old. Soon after the diagnosis was made he underwent surgical correction. The orifice of tunnel was closed using EPTFE patch at the aortic side and at the left ventricular side was closed directly. Postoperatively moderate degree of aortic valvular regurgitation was remained. Three years after the surgical correction, now the boy is six years old and doing well. But we anticipate that he man need aortic valve replacement in the near future.

Aorta↗
PubMed1992

Autoradiographic analysis of radiolabeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody CEA102 in colorectal cancer using computed radiography.

Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody (MAb) CEA102 was produced by immunization with purified CEA and the specific accumulation of radiolabeled CEA102 in colorectal cancers was investigated by autoradiography of surgical specimens using Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR). Five patients with colorectal cancer were injected intravenously with 131I-labeled intact CEA102 or its F(ab')2. Primary tumor and liver metastases were successfully detected by external scanning with a gamma camera in 4 cases. Autoradiographic study of the surgical specimens using FCR showed predominant localization of 131I-labeled CEA102 in primary tumors and liver metastases in all cases. Even a small liver metastasis (0.5 cm) was clearly visualized in the autoradiogram by FCR. The pixel distribution curves of the density of the respective tissues in the autoradiograms by FCR showed the heterogeneity of the distribution of administered radiolabeled MAb in individual tumors, but the density of the tumors was higher than that of the normal tissues. In the quantitative distribution analysis of CEA102, the uptake of the primary tumor (mean 1.10%ID/kg) was ten-fold greater than that of the normal colon mucosa (mean 0.10%ID/kg). These results revealed that the application of MAb has great potential in radioimmunodetection as well as in antibody-directed therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Detection of locally recurrent colorectal cancer with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody H-15.

H-15 (HT-29-15) is an IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a cell surface antigen (molecular mass, 200,000 daltons) present on virtually all colorectal cancers and also in normal pancreatic ducts and bile ducts, but not in other normal tissues. The biological distribution and imaging characteristics of iodine-131 (131I)-labeled mAb H-15 were studied in 5 primary colorectal cancer patients and 9 patients with local recurrence of colorectal cancer. H-15 mAb labeled with 0.5-10 mCi of 131I was administered 7 to 8 days before surgery at 4 dose levels, ranging from 0.2 to 6 mg. Selective mAb H-15 localization to tumor tissues was demonstrated in 6 of 12 patients with antigen-positive tumors: in two patients, recurrent tumors were negative to H-15 mAb, although the primary tumors were positive. In six patients with positive radioimaging, tumor:normal tissue ratios ranged from 2.05 to 5.35 and tumor:serum ratios from 1.18 to 2.73. The clarity of images seems to correlate well with the latter ratios. Technetium-99 (99mTc)-albumin blood pool studies in selected cases showed that local recurrence of colorectal cancers was hypovascular, emphasizing the selective localization of mAb H-15 despite poor blood flow distribution in the tumors. The results altogether demonstrated that radioimmunodetection with 131I mAb H-15 is valuable for differentiating recurrent colorectal cancer from granuloma formation after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of base damages on DNA replication--mechanism of preferential purine nucleotide insertion opposite abasic site in template DNA.

DNA polymerase preferentially inserts purine nucleotides opposite non-instructive lesions such as abasic sites during DNA replication. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the preferential insertion, a DNA template containing a model abasic site and primers containing 4 different nucleotides (A,G,C,T) at primer terminus were synthesized. The stability of the primer terminus nucleotide placed opposite the abasic site was evaluated on the basis of its sensitivity to 3'-5' exonuclease associated with DNA polymerase.

DNA↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of aortic regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography].

To establish a method for evaluating aortic regurgitation (AR) using Doppler echocardiography, we studied 104 patients who were classified according to aortographic grading (Sellers). The severity of the AR was graded by measuring the length of AR jet within the left ventricle by pulsed Doppler mapping (mapping method) or by two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography (length method). Also, color Doppler echocardiography was used to measure the width of AR jet just below the aortic valve (width method), and pulsed Doppler echocardiography to determine the fraction of integral of forward flow and reverse flow in the abdominal aorta (abdominal method). Although the diagnostic accuracy of grading by these Doppler techniques only ranged between 52% and 68%, the length method combined with the abdominal one enhanced the diagnostic accuracy to 89% in retrospective study and 80% in prospective study. In conclusion, the length method combined with the abdominal method appeared to be useful and reliable in evaluating AR.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Two separate surgical repairs of post-infarction blowout rupture of the left ventricular free wall and subsequently developed subepicardial aneurysm].

A 69-year-old female patient with acute myocardial infarction was admitted to our hospital. After i.v. administration of the rt-PA, echocardiography disclosed pericardial effusion to which pericardial drainage was performed first through subxiphoid incision. Immediately after the drainage, electromechanical dissociation emerged and emergency thoracotomy was performed. There was a small blowout rupture of the left ventricular free wall that was successfully repaired using single suture buttressed with Dacron felt without cardiopulmonary bypass support. On the 38th day after the surgery, cineangiography disclosed ventricular aneurysm, to which aneurysmectomy was performed under the cardiopulmonary bypass and her post operative progress was uneventful. Histological study of the resected specimen revealed so called subepicardial aneurysm. Although blowout rupture of the left ventricular free wall used to be lethal, there might be a chance of life saving even without cardiopulmonary bypass support, if the left thoracotomy could be done as quickly as possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Radioimmunodetection of colorectal cancer, using anti-CEA monoclonal antibody CEA 102: whole IgG versus F(ab')2 fragments].

In order to improve cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies, three factors appeared to be of particular importance: (1) The selection of the most favorable monoclonal antibody directed to tumor-associated antigen. (2) The use of F(ab')2 or Fab fragments. (3) Selection of the most convenient isotope. Monoclonal antibody CEA 102 was produced by immunization by purified CEA, and its F(ab')2 fragments were compared with whole IgG as a radiotracer for radioimmunodetection of the colorectal cancer. Fragments were eliminated from the circulation twice as fast as whole IgG, and tumor-to-background ratio was achieved more than 1 at 2-3 days with F(ab')2, but 6-7 days with whole IgG in tumor bearing nude mice. In clinical study, F(ab')2 demonstrated clear image on the 1 at day after injection, whereas achievement of the image was possible on the 3rd day in whole IgG. These results indicated that fragments are preferred over whole IgG. Therefore fragments make it possible to preclude dual isotope subtraction methods, and omit the long delays before imaging. They also make it possible to use short half life radionuclides with excellent photon properties, such as 123I and 99mTc.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of supravalvular pulmonary stenosis associated with Noonan's syndrome: usefulness of Doty's operation].

A twelve-year-old boy associated with Noonan's syndrome is reported. He had supravalvular pulmonary stenosis with a very high right-ventricular pressure, higher than that of systemic. Surgical treatment was performed to the supravalvular pulmonary stenosis with the technique of Doty's operation for supravalvular aortic stenosis, brought an excellent results. The gradient between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery fell from 97 mmHg to 30 mmHg. The residual gradient is caused by functional infundibular stenosis. Doty's operation is a useful method for the operation of severe supravalvular pulmonary stenosis, too.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a high-protein diet on the gene expression of a trypsin-sensitive, cholecystokinin-releasing peptide (monitor peptide) in the pancreas.

The adaptation to a high protein diet of the concentration and mRNA level of a trypsin-sensitive, cholecystokinin-releasing peptide (monitor peptide), which was proposed to be the mediator of the cholecystokinin release in response to protein intake, was investigated in the rat pancreas. Adult rats were placed on one of two isocaloric diets. One group was fed a 22% casein diet (control diet) and the other a 64% casein diet (high-protein diet) for 14 days. In order to quantify the monitor peptide separately from pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI-II), which is highly similar in its amino acid and mRNA nucleotide sequences to the monitor peptide but has less cholecystokinin-releasing activity, we used specific assay methods: HPLC was used for determining the monitor peptide concentration in zymogen granules and a synthetic oligonucleotide probe for determining the mRNA of the monitor peptide in the pancreas. The concentrations in the zymogen granules and the mRNA levels in the pancreas of the two peptides increased in parallel during the adaptation to the high protein diet, indicating that these two peptides were under the same control during the adaptation. The concentration and mRNA level of the monitor peptide, which were measured after 0, 3, and 14 days, increased throughout the experiment period, as did the concentration of trypsin. This suggested that the monitor peptide and trypsin may respond to similar signals during the adaptation to a high protein diet and that this apparent coordination may facilitate the adaptation of the pancreas to the diet.

Amino Acid Sequence↗