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Biomedical subjects

H Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to H Murakami.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Antitumor activity of T-2 toxin-conjugated monoclonal antibody to murine thymoma.

T-2 toxin (T-2(4)), one of the trichothecene mycotoxins produced by various gerera of Fusarium spp., is a potent inhibitor to the syntheses of protein and DNA in mammalian cells. The selective cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin-conjugated anti-EL-4 monoclonal antibodies (T-2-mAb) was investigated against murine thymoma EL-4 cells in vitro and in vivo systems. At first T-2 was converted to T-2 hemiglutarate by glutaric anhydride. Then T-2 hemiglutarate was activated to 3-[4-(N-succinimidoxycarbonyl)-butyryl]-T-2 (T-2-G-OSu) by N-hydroxysuccinimide. Thus obtained T-2-G-OSu was conjugated with mAb specific for EL-4 cells. The T-2-mAb markedly inhibited the proliferation of cultured EL-4 cells, but no such cytotoxic effect was observed against irrelevant SP2/0 cells. The cytotoxicity of T-2-conjugated normal gamma globulin (T-2-nGG) against EL-4 cells was far less than that of the above T-2-mAb. Ammonium chloride and monensin, inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes, enhanced the cytotoxicity of T-2-mAb. The presence of both 2-deoxyglucose together with sodium azide, inhibitors of energy-dependent reaction, reduced the cytotoxicity of T-2-mAb. Therefore, the selective binding to the target cells followed by an energy-dependent endocytosis and an intracellular liberation of T-2 by hydrolysis may account for the cytotoxicity of the T-2-mAb. In mice pre-transplanted with EL-4 cells, T-2-mAb increased the mean survival time (MST) with a direct dosage dependence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of total oxygen uptake in women during exercise by total heart beats and aerobic fitness.

The present study was performed to find a practical method for estimating total O2 uptake (TVO2) of women during exercise based on total heart beats (THB) and aerobic fitness level, and examine the influence of the type of exercise on the estimation. After 60 observations on 20 female subjects tested by the cycle ergometer, the following formula was derived. TVO2 (ml.kg-1) = SR125 X (61.0 X mean HR + 2543) X THB X 10(-4), where mean HR is mean heart rate (beats.min-1) in exercise, and SR125 is the slope of the regression line between accumulated heart beats and accumulated O2 uptake during exercise at 125 beats.min-1 of mean HR. SR125 was significantly correlated not only to VO2max but also each score (X) in any simple endurance tests, such as the step test for 3 min, yielding a formula, SR125 = -0.00115X + 0.3081. Both formulae indicate that the TVO2 of any exercising person can be estimated from THB and mean HR when SR125 was determined by the simple endurance test. The discrepancy between both TVO2 as estimated by our method and measured directly by the Douglas bag method during walking on a treadmill was not significant with that during the cycling on an ergometer. Accordingly, our method may possibly be used for estimating TVO2 in exercise mainly using the leg muscles such as in cycling and walking.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructure of multinucleated giant myeloma cells: report of one case.

The ultrastructure of multinucleated giant myeloma cells obtained from an IgA kappa myeloma patient was investigated. The characteristic findings were marked nucleocytoplasmic asynchrony, irregular nuclear indentation, branched mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus surrounded by nuclei. The patient died of renal failure only 6 months after diagnosis.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

Clinical features of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)-positive myeloma: report of four cases.

Four patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)-positive myeloma are presented. The subclasses of monoclonal protein were IgD kappa (1 case), IgA lambda (1 case), and IgA kappa (2 cases). Bence Jones proteinuria was seen in all cases. The clinical stages were determined as IIA (2 cases) and IIIA (2 cases). All patients died with a median survival time after diagnosis of 62 days due to rapid development of renal failure (3 cases), and renal insufficiency and pneumonia (1 case). According to light microscopic evaluation, these myelomas corresponded to plasmablastic (1 case), immature (2 cases), and intermediate (1 case) types. Both CALLA and a cytoplasmic immunoglobulin identical with the serum monoclonal protein were simultaneously detected in single cells from all cases using immunofluorescent double labeling. These findings suggest that CALLA-positive and plasma-blastic myelomas constitute clinically a subgroup characterized by extremely poor survival but they represent cytologically different subcategories.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serodiagnosis of cancer, using porcine antigens recognized by human monoclonal antibody, HB4C5.

Antigens, recognized by human monoclonal antibody (HB4C5) generated from a lung cancer patient, were found to occur in porcine pancreas. The antigens-I and -II were purified from crude trypsin of porcine pancreas, only by Mono Q column chromatography, and were eluted at 260 and 300 mM NaCl in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, respectively. These antigens differed from trypsin in molecular weight, elution pattern from the Mono Q column, and their reactivity with HB4C5. The molecular weights of the two antigens were almost the same at around 35000. These were used for serodiagnosis with an assay system based on 96-well immunoplates. The reactivities of antigens-I and -II with various sera were similar. When the reactivity of IgG in serum with antigen-II was measured, absorbance at 415 nm in the case of normal and lung cancer patients was 0.178 +/- 0.056 and 0.492 +/- 0.136 (p less than 0.005). The rates of positive reaction in ovary, larynx, uterus, lung and liver cancers were more than 50%, but the rates in stomach and breast cancers were less than 30%. Positive reaction was hardly detected in pancreas cancer and normal controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Aging process of leg muscle endurance in males and females.

In order to estimate muscle endurance during knee extension (KME) and plantar flexion (PME) using a simple method, holding times for the half-squatting posture for KME and for the calf-raising posture for PME were measured in 3,792 males and 3,620 females aged between 6 and 79 years. The regression lines of the aging process for KME and PME in both sexes were determined. Peak values were found at 13 years in males and 12 years in females for KME, and at 15 years in males and 16 years in females for PME. The mean values increased sharply with age up to each peak and then decreased abruptly to a low level at around 20 years, thereafter declining gradually. The values of KME as a percentage of the peak value were 71, 75 and 34 at the ages of 6, 20 and 70-79 years respectively in males, while the corresponding values were 80, 77 and 36 for females. The values of PME at these ages were 34, 93 and 69 in males and 54, 91 and 73 in females. The mean values for males were generally higher than those for females. These results suggest that endurance of the leg muscles differs according to age, sex and the region of the leg muscle. These data will be useful as standard values for evaluating endurance and for prescribing suitable exercise for the promotion of physical fitness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Partial purification and characterization of immunoglobulin production stimulating factor derived from Namalwa cells.

We screened for immunoglobulin (Ig) production stimulating factor (IPSF) which enhanced Ig production of human-to-human hybridomas in serum-free culture, and found that culture supernatant and lysate of human lymphoblastoid Namalwa cells stimulated proliferation and Ig production of human-to-human hybridoma HB4C5 cells. The IPSF in Namalwa lysate was partially purified with DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, hydroxylapatite and Superose 6HR 10/30 column chromatographies. The partially purified IPSF was a macromolecule of about 500,000 dalton containing 72,000 dalton protein as a major component. The activity was stable at pH 6 to 12, but inactivated partially by heating over 40 degrees C (60% decrease) and completely by trypsin digestion. These results suggest that the IPSF activity is due to its protein and heat-stable components. The Namalwa IPSF stimulated proliferation of human-to-human hybridomas but not that of mouse-to-mouse hybridomas. The IPSF also stimulated Ig production of human-to-human hybridomas derived from NAT-30 cells, but not that of other human-to-human or mouse-to-mouse hybridomas. NAT-30 is a human fusion partner derived from Namalwa cells. These results suggest that the Namalwa IPSF is an autocrine factor that stimulates proliferation and Ig production of hybridomas derived from NAT-30 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Identification of drug receptors in porcine dental pulp by the radioligand binding assay.

1. The acetylcholine (ACh), histamine and serotonin (5-HT) receptors in porcine dental pulp were characterized by the radioligand binding assay. 2. For [3H]nicotine binding site, Kd was 8.06 +/- 1.65 nM and Bmax was 270.83 +/- 32.68 fmol/mg protein. 3. For [3H]QNB binding site, Kd was 1.04 +/- 0.14 nM and Bmax was 24.83 +/- 3.09 fmol/mg protein. 4. For [3H]histamine binding site, Kd was 1.22 +/- 0.1 nM and Bmax was 283.15 +/- 33.1 fmol/mg protein. 5. For [3H]5-HT binding site, Kd was 1.41 +/- 0.1 nM and Bmax was 53.1 +/- 3.4 fmol/mg protein. 6. These findings indicate that the specific receptors for ACh, histamine and 5-HT are present in the porcine dental pulp, and that the ACh receptor is predominantly nicotinic.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A human monoclonal antibody derived from axillary lymph nodes of a breast cancer patient.

A human hybridoma clone (A4-33) was established by fusion of human lymphoblastoid cells, HO-323, with lymphocytes of axillary lymph nodes obtained from a breast cancer patient. This clone has been stable, producing IgM for over 24 months. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that monoclonal antibody A4-33 reacted strongly to MCF-7, and weakly to PANC-1 and HT-29, but not to other human malignant cell lines. The reactivity of A4-33 to MCF-7 was markedly reduced by treatment with periodate, but not affected or enhanced by neuraminidase or trypsin. Immunoperoxidase staining of normal human tissue sections showed that A4-33 reacted to acinar and ductal cells of the mammary gland and to ductal epithelial cells of the salivary gland, sweat gland, pancreas and bile duct. With malignant tumor sections, A4-33 reacted to breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and parotid cancer. These results suggested that A4-33 recognized the antigen which commonly exists on ductal epithelial cells of the exocrine gland.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Human monoclonal antibody prepared from lymphocytes of pancreatic cancer patients.

We have succeeded in establishing a human monoclonal antibody (MoAb) OC2D against pancreatic cancer cells using lymphocytes from pancreatic cancer patients and a human lymphoblastoid cell line HO323. The reactivity of OC2D using various cell lines and immunoperoxidase staining showed a rather specific effect for malignant cells such as those of pancreatic, gastric, and colon cancers. The antigen recognized by OC2D appeared to be nonsecreting and was mainly found on the cell surface, and various enzyme treatments showed that the epitope was an asialosylated carbohydrate. The hybridoma OC2D has continued to produce human MoAb for 10 months after fusion and grew stably in serum-free medium as well as in serum-containing medium. These results suggest that this human MoAb OC2D is useful for both imaging and targeting therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Posterior extensive simultaneous multisegment decompression with posterolateral fusion for cervical myelopathy with cervical instability and kyphotic and/or S-shaped deformities.

From June 1978 to May 1988, posterior decompression with posterolateral fusion was performed at Tenri Hospital on 63 cases of cervical myelopathy with instability and/or malalignment including kyphotic and/or S-shaped deformities. Among 46 cases followed up for more than 1 year, 41 cases (89.1%) improved; 21 cases (45.7%) were rated excellent, six (13%), good; 14 (30.4%), fair; one (2.2%), unchanged; and four (8.7%), poor. On x-ray examination, bone consolidation at the bone implanted area was satisfactory in 30 cases (65.2%). Cervical instability disappeared at 55 cervical interspaces of 40 cases (78.6%). Displacement at unstable interspace disappeared or improved at 49 of 61 cervical interspaces (80.3%). Although cervical kyphosis or S-shaped deformity could not be improved, accelerated progression of these deformities appeared to be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pathological observations in HTLV-I associated myelopathy.

The following are the clinical and autopsy findings in a 63-year-old woman with myelopathy associated with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I). HTLV-I antibody was positive in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the lower thoracic region, demyelination and the loss of axons were accompanied by a proliferation of astrocytes, and gliosis was found in the lateral columns. Perivascular and parenchymal infiltrations of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were also observed, but neither viral inclusion bodies nor atypical lymphocytes were found.

Axons↗
PubMed1989

Rapid identification of serotypes of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex by using infected swine sera and reference antigenic glycolipids.

The species of 136 strains of acid-fast bacteria isolated from swine with mycobacteriosis were identified by numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy on the basis of mycolic acid subclass composition as members of the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare (MAI) complex. The isolates were further classified by using both thin-layer chromatography of the antigenic glycopeptidolipids (GPL) obtained from the bacteria by the method of Tsang et al. (A. Y. Tsang, I. Drupa, M. Goldberg, J. K. McClatchy, and P. J. Brennan, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33:285-292, 1983) and the seroagglutination test devised by W. B. Schaefer (Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 92[Suppl.]:85-93, 1965). For the reference standard, purified antigenic GPL of serotypes 4, 8, and 9 were isolated and their structures were analyzed by negative fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometric spectra of the intact GPL antigens of serotypes 4, 8, and 9 agreed with the structures reported earlier by Brennan et al. (P. J. Brennan and M. B. Goren, J. Biol. Chem. 254:4205-4211, 1979; P. J. Brennan, G. O. Aspinall, and J. E. Nam Shin, J. Biol. Chem. 256:6817-6822, 1981). With these antigenic GPL, the thin-layer chromatographic behaviors of the alkali-stable lipids of the above-described isolates were examined. These MAI complex isolates fell into the serotype 8 (85 strains), 4 (33 strains), and 9 (7 strains) and untypeable (11 strains) categories. Furthermore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on type-specific glycolipid antigens and infected swine sera was used to diagnose the serological types of the MAI complex isolates. Of 14 cases typed by both the seroagglutination reaction and thin-layer chromatography, 13 showed clear agreement with the ELISA results. The results demonstrated that ELISA using infected sera was especially useful, and it can be recommended on the basis of simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity as an adjunct to the seroaggulutination test and thin-layer chromatography for identification of mycobacteria belonging to the MAI complex.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Persistent right coronary flow reserve at low perfusion pressure.

To determine whether right coronary (RC) flow reserve persists at perfusion pressures below the apparent autoregulatory range, the RC artery of 18 anesthetized dogs was cannulated and perfused at controlled pressures. RC blood flow (RCBF) fell from 65.3 +/- 6.1 to 33.7 +/- 2.3 ml.min-1.100 g-1 as RC perfusion pressure (RCPP) was reduced from 80 to 40 mmHg. At 40 mmHg, intracoronary adenosine increased RCBF by 97.9 +/- 10.6 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (P less than 0.001). RCBF fell to 9.5 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1 at 20 mmHg, and RCBF did not significantly increase during adenosine, although RC vasodilation was observed in four dogs. Regional right ventricular (RV) blood flows at RCPP of 80 and 40 mmHg were measured by radioactive microsphere technique. Before adenosine infusion, RCBF was distributed uniformly across the RV free wall at normal and low perfusion pressures. During adenosine infusion, blood flow in both regions increased significantly, but the flow reserve was greater in the subendocardial region at both normal and reduced pressures. RV myocardial O2 consumption (MVo2) was decreased significantly at 40 mmHg, however, there was no evidence of ischemia at this pressure, since the RV lactate extraction ratio was normal (n = 8). Thus RV O2 demand fell when RC O2 supply was reduced, although a flow reserve was available. RV MVo2 was restored to normal when right coronary flow reserve was mobilized by adenosine infusion. For RCBF from 65 to 365 ml.min-1.100 g-1, RC venous O2 content rose and RV MVo2 was essentially constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1989

Expression of insulin-like growth factor receptors in primary human thyroid neoplasms.

The presence of IGF-I receptors was demonstrated in normal and neoplastic tissues of human thyroid. Binding of (125I)IGF-I to thyroid membranes was dependent on time and temperature of incubation, and maximal binding was achieved at 4 degree C and 18 h of incubation. (125I)IGI-I binding was dose-dependently displaced by unlabelled IGF-I; half-maximal inhibition occurred at concentrations of 10-20 milligrams. IGF-II and insulin had relative potencies of 5 and 1% compared with IGF-I. Scatchard analysis of binding data revealed a single class of IGF-I receptors with high affinity (Ka: 1.2-8.6 x 10(9) 1/mol) in normal thyroid tissues. Affinity cross-linking and autoradiography demonstrated the type IIGF receptors. Specific binding of (125I)IGF-1 in thyroid cancer tissues (9.69 +/- 2.07% per 200 micrograms protein; mean +/- SEM, N = 8) was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that in the surrounding normal tissues (3.03 +/- 0.35%, N = 8). In contrast there was no difference in the binding between adenoma tissues (4.19 +/- 0.53%, N = 5) and the adjacent normal tissues (2.94 +/- 0.24%, N = 5). The higher IGF-I binding in cancer tissues was due to an increase in the binding capacity without any change in the affinity. The presence of IGF-I receptors suggests a possible role of IGF-I and its receptors in the growth of thyroid cancer cells.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

[A study on the formation of apatite crystallized with gel method].

About apatite produced with a silicahydro gel method using calcium nitrate (group I) or calcium chloride (group II) and a gelatin gel method by use of calcium nitrate (group III) or calcium chloride (group IV), the formative volume as well as the formative condition of a periodic-layered precipitate (Liesegang ring), the pH measurement, calculation of Ca/P ratio, an estimation of the chlorine ion, morphological observation with a scanning electron microscope, qualitative analyses by X-ray diffraction (identification, crystallite size, lattice imperfections, lattice constants) and the composition analysis by infrared absorption spectroscopy were carried out to elucidate the formation of apatite using the gel method. The result showed that there were no distinct differences between group I-II and group III-IV, and it is suggested that it is possible to form satisfact fluorapatite with a gel method using calcium chloride as well as calcium nitrate.

Apatites↗
PubMed1989

Demonstration of heterogeneity of autoantibodies to insulin receptors in type B insulin resistance by isoelectric focusing.

With isoelectric focusing, we examined heterogeneity of autoantibodies to insulin receptors in serums of two patients with insulin-resistant diabetes and one patient with hypoglycemia. Immunoglobulins were prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose and subjected to isoelectric focusing for separation into 30 fractions. The fractions were tested for their ability to inhibit 125I-labeled insulin binding to human placental membranes, immunoprecipitate solubilized insulin receptor cross-linked with 125I-insulin, and mimic or inhibit the action of insulin in rat adipocytes. The results varied among the three patients. In the first patient, inhibition of 125I-insulin-binding activity (IBA) and insulin-receptor-precipitating activity (IPA) were distributed almost identically, but the distribution of insulinlike bioactivity (ILBA) was somewhat different. In the second patient, some fractions exhibited potent IBA without IPA, and these fractions inhibited the action of insulin in rat adipocytes. In the third patient, all of the isoelectric fractions showed IBA without IPA and were insulin antagonists. These observations indicate that some patients have antibodies with pure insulin-antagonist properties and provide further evidence that autoantibodies to insulin receptors are polyclonal and recognize different antigenic sites on insulin-receptor molecules. The findings also suggest that the ability of antibodies to elicit ILBA is linked to the ability to immunoprecipitate 125I-insulin-cross-linked and solubilized receptors, whereas antibodies that only inhibit insulin binding behave as insulin antagonists.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗