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Biomedical subjects

H Moriya

Publications and source records attributed to H Moriya.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Recruitment order and dendritic morphology of rat phrenic motoneurons.

The detailed morphology of rat phrenic motoneurons (PMs) was studied in 40 electrophysiologically identified cells with intracellular injection of Neurobiotin. In 15 cells, the dendritic trees were fully analyzed by using path-distance analysis, and total surface area and volume were estimated. Based on their relative onset times (ROT; i.e., the time of firing onset relative to the onset of whole phrenic activity), PMs were classified into three types; early recruited (type E; ROT < 10%), late recruited (type L; ROT > 12.5%), and quiescent (type Q; not recruited under normal conditions). Dendrites constituted 93.3% of the surface area of cells and 38.9% of the cell volumes. The number of primary dendrites (nPD) averaged 10.1, and the mean number of terminations was 38.8. The combined diameters of primary dendrites of PMs correlated well with the total dendritic surface area and the number of dendritic terminations. Comparisons among cell types revealed that type Q cells had greater dendritic surface areas and volumes than type E or type L cells. With path-distance analysis, this difference was found to be due to differences between the cell types in the numbers of their dendrites, their combined dendritic lengths, and the number of their branches. The differences between these data and those available for cat motoneurons are discussed. The input resistance of PMs correlated with their total surface area but did not correlate with their somal surface area, indicating that, in rat, PM input resistance is a function of the entire neuronal membrane rather than of the somal surface alone.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Change of complement C1s synthesis during development of hamster cartilage.

Expression of the first complement component (C1s) has been examined in chondrocytes of hamster epiphyseal cartilage during development and fracture healing. C1s is immunostained with anti-hamster C1s monoclonal antibody, PG11. The C1s staining increases in accordance with chondrocyte differentiation and reaches a maximal level in hypertrophic chondrocytes. This change is observed at both the tibia ossification center and at the callus in which the replacement of cartilage by bone marrow takes place. The concomitant increase of C1s and chondrocyte hypertrophy has been confirmed by RNA blot and by in situ hybridization. These results, in addition to previous findings on C1s collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities, suggest C1s participation in cartilage remodeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein up-regulates the expression of the high mobility group protein HMG-I(Y) gene in mouse 10T1/2 cells.

Using a differential hybridization technique, we have identified a mouse cellular gene, high mobility group protein HMG-I(Y), whose expression is up-regulated by the E6 protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. This gene was overexpressed in E6-expressing mouse 10T1/2 cells, but not in G418-resistant 10T1/2 cells. The expression of the HMG-I(Y) gene was up-regulated by the transient expression of E6 from a zinc-inducible human metallothionein-IIA gene promoter. Expression was found to be more efficient at a confluent cell density than at a subconfluent cell density. The up-regulation of HMG-I(Y) gene expression by E6, in particular at a confluent cell density, may be part of an altered genetic program in host cells infected with HPV-16.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

In vitro studies on a new method for islet microencapsulation using a thermoreversible gelation polymer, N-isopropylacrylamide-based copolymer.

Various materials for the semipermeable membrane for microencapsulation of islets, such as alginate complex and agarose, have been used. In this study, a thermoreversible gelation polymer, N-isopropylacrylamide based copolymer was used to make microencapsulated islets and was examined in vitro. The polymer has little or no cytotoxicity for human dermal fibroblasts. The characteristics of viscoelasticity below the soluble gel transition temperature (SGTT) and of thermoreversibility, the water soluble polymer below the SGTT (22 degrees C) becoming water insoluble upon heating, contributed to simplifying the encapsulation technique. We obtained viable islets at the center of the membrane with a thickness of approximately 20-50 microns, accounting for a 40% yield of encapsulated islets. Static glucose challenge test with microencapsulated islets revealed the insulin response to the concentration of glucose. The insulin concentrations of the culture medium in the microencapsulated islet group were the same as those in a similar free islet group up to 42 days. These results indicate that the morphological and functional stability of the new method for microencapsulation may be sufficient for it to be used for transplantation in diabetic animals.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1996

Hyaline cartilage: in vivo and in vitro assessment with magnetization transfer imaging.

PURPOSE: To elucidate the magnetization transfer (MT) effects of major components of hyaline cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors evaluated the MT effect of type II collagen and chondroitin sulfate phantoms (concentrations of 0.6%, 1.2%, 2.4%, 4.8%, 9.6%, and 19.2%), mass-cultured rat osteosarcoma-derived cells, and normal articular cartilage of the knee. RESULTS: The MT effect of collagen yielded a decrease in signal intensity of 10% (1.2% collagen) to 31% (19.2% collagen); the decrease varied linearly with collagen concentration. Chondroitin sulfate did not have a statistically significant MT effect. Cell pellets showed a decrease in signal intensity of 22%-26%, which was greater than that of 4.8% collagen. Normal articular cartilage of the knees showed a decrease in signal intensity of 38%-48%. CONCLUSION: The major role of collagen in MT contrast of hyaline cartilage was confirmed. In addition, a higher cellular contribution to the MT effect was also demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Isolation and characterization of a human cDNA clone (GCN5L1) homologous to GCN5, a yeast transcription activator.

We have isolated a novel human cDNA with a predicted amino acid sequence homologous to GCN5, a protein considered to be a regulator of transcriptional activation in yeast. This cDNA, termed GCN5L1 (GCN5-like 1), consists of 545 nucleotides including an open reading frame of 378 bp that encodes a 126-amino-acid peptide having 23.5% identity to yeast GCN5. Northern-blot analysis revealed transcription of this gene in all human tissues examined. We isolated a genomic clone corresponding to this cDNA from a human cosmid library and mapped it to chromosome 12q13 --> q14 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Ludloff's medial approach for open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip. A 20-year follow-up.

We reviewed 33 patients (35 hips) after open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip using Ludloff's medial approach. The mean age at the time of operation was 14 months (5 to 29) and at the time of final follow-up 20.1 years (15 to 24) giving a mean duration of follow-up of 19.4 years (14 to 23). We evaluated the radiological results by the Severin classification and the extent of avascular necrosis using the criteria of Kalamchi. At the latest review 16 hips (45.7%) were in Severin groups I or II (acceptable results) and 19 (54.3%) in Severin groups III, IV or V (unacceptable results). There was evidence of avascular necrosis in 15 hips (42.9%). The radiological results began to become worse at about the age of ten years when type-II avascular changes presented. We conclude that Ludloff's medial approach for open reduction is unsatisfactory for the treatment of congenital dislocation since about half of our patients required additional operations.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Subclinical depressive symptoms in HIV are related to avoidance coping responses: a comparison with end-stage renal failure and breast cancer.

We examined the relationship between coping responses and mood states among three samples of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (n=26), end-stage renal failure (n=98), and breast cancer (n= 60). Avoidance scores differed significantly across the groups, being highest in those with HIV infection. The avoidance scores were significantly and positively correlated with depression scores. However, patients with HIV infection did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for major depression. Although patients with HIV infection may have minor psychiatric symptoms, results suggest that the symptoms are not strong enough to warrant a psychiatric diagnosis of mood disorder. It might be clinically important to attend to avoidance behaviors and thoughts which may develop into the manifestation of depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

The afferent pathways of discogenic low-back pain. Evaluation of L2 spinal nerve infiltration.

The afferent pathways of discogenic low-back pain have not been fully investigated. We hypothesised that this pain was transmitted mainly by sympathetic afferent fibres in the L2 nerve root, and in 33 patients we used selective local anaesthesia of this nerve. Low-back pain disappeared or significantly decreased in all patients after the injection. Needle insertion provoked pain which radiated to the low back in 23 patients and the area of skin hypoalgesia produced included the area of pre-existing pain in all but one. None of the nine patients with related sciatica had relief of that component of their symptoms. Our findings show that the main afferent pathways of pain from the lower intervertebral discs are through the L2 spinal nerve root, presumably via sympathetic afferents from the sinuvertebral nerves. Discogenic low-back pain should be regarded as a visceral pain in respect of its neural pathways. Infiltration of the L2 nerve is a useful diagnostic test and also has some therapeutic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of collagen on magnetization transfer contrast assessed in cultured cartilage].

We investigated the effect of collagen on magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) in cultured cartilage. In our culture system, only collagen synthesis was increased by the addition of vitamin C, while proteoglycan synthesis and the number of chondrocytes were unaffected. The MTC effect was assessed by using an off-resonance RF pulse (0.3 KHz off-resonance, sinc wave of 18 msec, maximum amplitude 4.61 x 10(-4)T) on a GRASS sequence. The cartilage cultured with vitamin C showed a higher MTC effect than that cultured without vitamin C. The major role of collagen on MTC was confirmed in living cartilage tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Acute emphysematous cholecystitis associated with pneumobilia: a case report.

This report describes a rare case of acute emphysematous cholecystitis with pneumobilia in the common bile duct. The patient was a 66-year-old woman with a part history of diabetes mellitus, and operations for gastric and breast carcinoma. The chief complaint was pain in the right hypochondrium with severe right hypochondrial tenderness and distention of the gallbladder detected on examination. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, marked elevation of CRP, jaundice, liver dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. Gas was detected in the gallbladder on plain abdominal X-rays and CT scans of the abdomen, and a small amount of gas was also observed in the common bile duct. On the day of admission, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) was carried out under ultrasound guidance, and Clostridium perfingens and E. coli were detected in the bile. Imaging after PTGBD showed no cystic duct obstruction. On the 12th day after PTGBD, cholecystectomy and choledochotomy with primary closure were performed. The postoperative course was good and the patient was discharged on the 15th day after surgery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Cervical myelopathy caused by pseudoarthrosis between the atlas and axis associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a report of a patient with severe cervical myelopathy due to pseudoarthrosis between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the spinous process of the axis, associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Radiographs of 170 patients with neck pain were reviewed to identify lesions involving abnormal contact between the atlas and axis. OBJECTIVE: Based on an analysis of 170 radiographs, the prevalence of the reported condition was estimated. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A number of histologic studies on pseudoarthrosis involving the lumbar spine have been reported. In contrast, lesions between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the spinous process of the axis have not been reported in association with cervical myelopathy. METHODS: Clinical and pathologic features of a patient with pseudoarthrosis between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the spinous process of the axis were investigated. Radiographs of 170 Japanese patients over 40 years old were examined, and abnormal contact between the atlas and axis was classified into two groups based on the degree of spinal hyperostosis. RESULTS: Of 170 patients, 53 showed abnormal contact between the atlas and axis. The prevalence of abnormalities in the pronounced hyperostosis group (Forestier's stages II and III) was much higher than in the group with normal or slight hyperostosis. Two men had radiographic patterns showing osteophytes projecting into the spinal canal and associated with marked cervical myelopathy. CONCLUSION: In the group with pronounced hyperostosis, pseudoarthrosis or a variant can cause serious problems in the upper cervical spine that should not be overlooked.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1995

Purification and characterization of recombinant hamster tissue complement C1s.

Hamster complement C1s cDNA was inserted into expression plasmid BCMGSNeo, and transfected to SEA7 cells, A31 mouse fibroblasts transformed by polyoma virus. The transfectant secreted a large amount of recombinant C1s that was activated in the serum free culture medium and hydrolyzed acetyl-Gly-L-Lys-naphthyl ester (AGLNE). C1s was purified to a homogeneity from the culture medium of the transfectant by DEAE-Sephadex, Dymatrex orange A and size-exclusion HPLC. Purified hamster C1s consumed human complement in hemolytic assay and hydrolyzed gelatin in enzymography. To investigate the enzymic action of C1s at molecular levels, several antibodies were prepared against hamster C1s. One peptide (amino-acid residues 379-391) and two peptides (amino-acid residues 478-496 and 560-583) corresponding to the heavy and the light chain, respectively, were synthesized. The amino-acid sequences of these regions is not conserved between hamster and human C1s. Antibodies against these peptides were raised in rabbits. The anti-peptide antibodies bound specifically to hamster serum and recombinant C1s but not to human C1s. They inhibited the esterase activity of recombinant C1s to varying degrees depending on each antibody's binding site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and characterization of the hrpA gene in the terC region of Escherichia coli that is highly similar to the DEAH family RNA helicase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

During the course of systematic nucleotide sequence analysis of the terC region of E.coli K-12 by using the ordered lambda phage clones, we found the presence of a gene, termed hrpA, that showed a high degree of sequence similarity to the PRP2, PRP16 and PRP22 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The products of these yeast genes are known to play their roles in mRNA splicing, and belong to a group of proteins collectively called the DEAH family. The hrpA gene is the first example of a DEAH family gene in prokaryotes. The N-terminal region of the protein it encodes contains conserved sequence stretches characteristic of an RNA helicase. Its molecular mass is calculated to be 146 kDa. Previously, a 135 kDa protein was identified by Moir et al. [J. Bacteriol. (1992) 174, 2102-2110] in this region which is most likely identical to that encoded by hrpA. The C-terminal region of the hrpA gene product seems to contain an RNA binding motif weakly resembling that of ribosomal protein S1 of E.coli. Disruption of the hrpA gene suggested that it is not essential for the growth of E.coli.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗