Biomedical subjects

H Moriya

Publications and source records attributed to H Moriya.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Differential effect of nephrectomy on renal expressions of IGF-I and IGFBPs mRNA in selective growth hormone-deficient rats.

It is known that growth hormone (GH) contributes to glomerulosclerosis and that this probably occurs via insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). However, the manner by which GH and nephrectomy (Nx) alter IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) mRNA in the kidney has not been fully explained. The effects of GH on renal IGF-I and IGFBP-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 following Nx were examined in spontaneous dwarf rats (SDRs) which have a complete and specific lack of GH among pituitary hormones. In normal Sprague-Dawley rats (SDs), Nx resulted in significant decreases in levels of IGFBP-1 mRNA and IGFBP-5 mRNA to 62.7 +/- 4.9 and 56.5 +/- 5.0% those of sham-operated kidneys, respectively. Nx did not alter the IGF-I mRNA level in SDs. The levels of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 mRNAs were likewise unchanged following nephrectomy. In SDRs, Nx significantly decreased the levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-5 mRNA, to 57 +/- 2.6, 46 +/- 12, and 64 +/- 8.1% of sham-operated animals. However, Nx did not alter the levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 mRNA. GH injections of nephrectomized SDRs fully normalized the decreased IGFBP-4 mRNA levels, whereas levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-5 mRNA were not reversed. The altered expression of IGFBP-4 mRNA following Nx of SDRs compared to that of SDs appears highly significant since it is known that, unlike SDs, glomerulosclerosis does not fully develop in SDRs following renal ablation. The change in the IGFBP-4 mRNA level might be related to the development of glomerulosclerosis in SDs.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Acute inversion injury of the ankle: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcomes.

This study was undertaken to compare the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging results of 24 patients who had sustained ligament injuries after acute inversion injury of the ankle. On magnetic resonance imaging, the following lesions were detected: anterior talofibular ligament tear in 23 patients, calcaneofibular ligament lesion in 15, posterior talofibular ligament lesion in 11, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament lesion in 13, cervical ligament lesion in 12, and deltoid ligament lesion in 8. Compared with the clinical outcome at the follow-up study, there was a statistically significant relationship between interosseous talocalcaneal ligament lesion and each of giving way, pain, and limitation of ankle motion; between cervical ligament lesion and both giving way and pain; and between deltoid ligament lesion and giving way (P < 0.05).

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1998

Idiopathic scoliosis in twins studied by DNA fingerprinting: the incidence and type of scoliosis.

We investigated 21 pairs of twins for zygosity and idiopathic scoliosis. DNA fingerprinting confirmed that 13 pairs were monozygotic and eight were dizygotic. There was concordance for idiopathic scoliosis in 92.3% of monozygotic and 62.5% of dizygotic twins. Of the 12 pairs of monozygotic twins concordant for idiopathic scoliosis, six showed discordant curve patterns but eight had differences in Cobb angle of less than 10 degrees. Seven of the ten pairs of monozygotic twins had similar back shapes. Our findings suggest that there is a genetic factor in the aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis; they also indicate that there is a genetic factor in both the severity of the curve and the general shape of the back.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Sensory nerve fibres from lumbar intervertebral discs pass through rami communicantes. A possible pathway for discogenic low back pain.

It has been thought that lumbar intervertebral discs were innervated segmentally. We have previously shown that the L5-L6 intervertebral disc in the rat is innervated bilaterally from the L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglia through the paravertebral sympathetic trunks, but the pathways between the disc and the paravertebral sympathetic trunks were unknown. We have now studied the spines of 17 rats to elucidate the exact pathways. We examined serial sections of the lumbar spine using immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide, a sensory nerve marker. We showed that these nerve fibres from the intervertebral disc ran through the sinuvertebral nerve into the rami communicantes, not into the corresponding segmental spinal nerve. In the rat, sensory information from the lumbar intervertebral discs is conducted through rami communicantes. If this innervation pattern applies to man, simple decompression of the corresponding nerve root will not relieve discogenic pain. Anterior interbody fusion, with the denervation of rami communicantes, may be effective for such low back pain.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Fracture-dislocation of the fifth lumbar vertebra. A new classification.

We have studied fracture-dislocation of the fifth lumbar vertebra in seven patients and reviewed 50 previously reported cases. Based on this information, we have classified the injury into five types: type 1, unilateral lumbosacral facet-dislocation with or without facet fracture; type 2, bilateral lumbosacral facet-dislocation with or without facet fracture; type 3, unilateral lumbosacral facet-dislocation and contralateral lumbosacral facet fracture; type 4, dislocation of the body of L5 with bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis; and type 5, dislocation of the body of L5 with fracture of the body and/or pedicle, with or without injury of the lamina and/or facet. Conservative treatment of fracture-dislocation of L5 is generally not effective because the lesion is fundamentally unstable. Planning of the operation should be made on the basis of the various types of injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Endoscopic pointing device for virtual bronchoscopy].

Virtual bronchoscopy is useful for understanding the morphology of tracheobronchial space. Because it is difficult to operate the system, we developed a new pointing device simulating the grip of a flexible bronchofiberscope. With this device, it was possible to simulate the handling of a bronchofiberscope (in or out, clockwise or counterclockwise rotation, arbitrary angle of view). We conclude this type of pointing device could prove to be a useful tool in endoscopic simulation.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed1997

A new 12-kilodalton dimer associated with pre-TCR complex and clonotype-independent CD3 complex on immature thymocytes.

We have characterized the pre-TCR/CD3 complex and the clonotype-independent CD3 (CIC) complex expressed on the cell surface of the immature cell line KKF which we previously identified as the cell line expressing only TCR beta-chain associated with the CD3 complex on the cell surface. We now show that KKF expresses the pT alpha-beta heterodimer-CD3 complex and also the CIC complex on the cell surface by surface biotinylation. In addition, not only the CIC complex but also the pT alpha-beta complex was found to be associated with the molecular chaperon calnexin. Whereas the CD3 zeta-chain was very weakly associated with the pre-TCR/CD3 complex, a 12-kDa molecule (designated pTAC12 as pre-TCR-associated chain) was more stably associated as a dimer with the pre-TCR complex as well as the CIC complex on KKF cells. The significance of pTAC12 dimer in the CD3 complex of immature thymocytes in vivo was demonstrated by coprecipitation of pTAC12 with the CD3 complex in thymocytes from SCID mice. These results show that pTAC12 is a component of the pT alpha-beta complex as well as the CIC complex, and they suggest that pTAC12 may play a role in signaling through and/or in the expression of the pre-TCR/CD3 complex.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A psychophysiological study of the development of delirium in coronary care units.

This is a longitudinal investigation of the psychophysiological mechanism for the development of delirium in coronary care units (CCUs). Ten patients satisfying DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for delirium (group D) and 10 controls (group C) were drawn from patients admitted to CCU. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movement recordings were observed over the days that patients were admitted to CCU and on a control day of admission and compared for each group and between each day. In the D group, slowing of background EEG activity, particularly on day 2, and many R (rapid) group eye movements and RS type (rapid superimposed on slow) eye movements, particularly on day 3, were observed. That is, from days 2 to 3, EEG findings showed an improvement in consciousness, and eye movement recordings manifested signs of anxiety and tension. These psychophysiological findings can be used to explain the transition from prodromal delirium to obvious delirium, and are supported by clinical features.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗

PubMed1997

Transactivation of prothymosin alpha and c-myc promoters by human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein.

The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein exerts a transforming activity through inactivation of tumor suppressor p53. Recently E6 has been shown to have additional transforming activities independent of p53. E6 is able to transactivate or repress several specific viral promoters. However, underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular target genes for the activity are not well understood. Using a differential hybridization technique, we identified the prothymosin alpha gene as a cellular target of E6 transactivation. E6 was able to transactivate the prothymosin alpha promoter in H358 cells lacking p53 and in C33A cells harboring a mutant p53 allele. Disruption of the E-box in intron 1 of the prothymosin alpha promoter abolished the responsiveness to E6. Then we determined if E6 up-regulates the expression of Myc, by which the prothymosin alpha promoter is transactivated through the E-box. We found that E6 is also able to transactivate the c-myc promoter in H358 cells and in C33A cells. These results suggest that E6 is able to transactivate the c-myc promoter independently of p53, and that the prothymosin alpha promoter is subsequently transactivated by Myc.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Structural scoliosis model in dogs with experimentally induced syringomyelia.

STUDY DESIGN: Animal scoliosis model associated with syringomyelia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of scoliosis produced in dogs with kaolin-induced syringomyelia. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Kaolin injected into the cisterna magna produces basilar arachnoiditis, leading to hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. There have been no reports on scoliosis associated with kaolin-induced syringomyelia. METHODS: Kaolin was injected percutaneously into the cisterna magna of 11 beagles 6-8 weeks after birth. Roentgenograms, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained. The spinal cord and the paraspinal muscles were examined histologically. Structural changes of the vertebral column were analyzed with calcein and tetracycline labeling. RESULTS: Hydrocephalus occurred in nine dogs. A communicating syringomyelia appeared in five dogs. Mild scoliosis developed in two dogs, and severe cervical scoliosis in one dog. In the syringomyelia cases, acute or subacute inflammatory changes were found in the spinal cord. Damage of the anterior and posterior horn cells was more marked in the scoliotic animals than in the nonscoliotic animals. In three of the syringomyelia cases, including two scoliosis cases, the paraspinal muscles revealed neurogenic changes. The deformed vertebrae appeared to diminish rather than to increase the deformity in severe scoliosis. CONCLUSION: The exact mechanism of the development of scoliosis could not be identified, although an etiologic relation with malfunction of the central nervous system was noted. This model may be useful to study scoliosis experimentally.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Innervation of the lumbar facet joints. Origins and functions.

STUDY DESIGN: The levels of dorsal root ganglia and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia innervating the lumbar facet joint were investigated in rats using the retrograde transport method. The pathways and functions of the nerve fibers supplying the lumbar facet joint were determined immunohistochemically. OBJECTIVES: To study lumbar facet pain in relation to its innervation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The lumbar facet joints have been reported to be innervated segmentally. Little is known, however, about the origins and functions of the nerve fibers. METHODS: Cholera toxin B subunit, a neural tracer, was placed in the L5-L6 facet joint, and the bilateral dorsal root ganglia and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia were examined immunohistochemically. The serial sections of lumbar vertebrae of newborn rats and the sections of the facet joint capsules, dorsal root ganglia, and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of adult rats were investigated immunohistochemically. The pathways of the nerve fibers supplying the facet joint were reconstituted. RESULTS: Labeled neurons existed in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia from L1 to L5 and in paravertebral sympathetic ganglia from T12 to L6. The dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve and rami communicantes were connected to each other by calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers and dopamine beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The L5-L6 facet joint was innervated by ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia, segmentally and nonsegmentally. Some of the sensory fibers from the facet joint may pass through the paravertebral sympathetic trunk, reaching L1 and/or L2 dorsal root ganglia. Inguinal and/or anterior thigh pain with lower lumbar facet joint lesions may be explained as referred pain.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity: pathologic findings of the dura mater and surgical management.

STUDY DESIGN: Five cases of juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity were reviewed retrospectively to elucidate the pathophysiology of spinal cord dysfunction and the results of surgical management. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the pathogenesis of juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity and to present the results of a new surgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Hirayama first reported this disorder in 1959. It is characterized by juvenile onset, slow progression, and involvement of the unilateral distal upper extremity. Recently, compression of the cervical spinal cord during neck flexion was implicated as a possible etiology of the disorder, but the exact etiology is still unknown. The value of surgical treatment for patients with juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity has not been established. METHODS: The clinical and radiographic characteristics of five patients with juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity were examined. All five patients were treated surgically with duraplasty in combination with posterior spinal fusion. Dynamic and computed tomographic myelography were performed before and after surgery. Intraoperative ultrasonography and conductive spinal cord evoked potentials were recorded before and after duraplasty. The surgical results and the histology of the resected dura were studied. RESULTS: Myelograms taken with the neck in a neutral position showed that the spinal cord was flattened in all five patients. When the neck was flexed, the dura and the spinal cord were compressed further. Intraoperative ultrasonography during neck flexion revealed an anterior shift of the spinal cord and decreased spinal cord pulsation. Amplitude of the conductive spinal cord evoked potentials decreased with neck flexion but increased after dural incision. Histologically, the dura appeared abnormal in that it contained few elastic fibers without the normal wavy structure. CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity was characterized by inelastic dura that constricts and compresses the cervical spinal cord when the neck is in either a neutral or a flexed position. Abnormal dura appeared to be the cause of juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper extremity. Duraplasty with spinal fusion are proposed as treatments.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Phenotypes and invariant alpha beta TCR expression of peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells.

A novel subset of peripheral T cells, peripheral NK T cells, is found to be a major population comprising 5% of splenic T and 40% of bone marrow T cells. The majority of peripheral NK T cells are characterized by the expression of an invariant TCR-alpha encoded by V alpha 14/J alpha 281 with a one nucleotide N region. Moreover, a specific reduction of V alpha 14+ NK T cells has been demonstrated to be tightly associated with various autoimmune diseases, indicating their decisive role in autoimmune disease development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypes of peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells and their TCR-beta repertoire. Peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells, comprise two populations, i.e., small and large sized cells, at an equal frequency, belonged to the CD4- CD8- fraction, and are heat stable antigen(bright), macrophage-1bright, B220bright, CD45RBdim, and Mel-14dim, but CD5-, distinct from thymic NK T cells. TCR-beta analysis clearly showed that peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells utilized two to three dominant invariant TCR-beta, such as V beta 8.2 D beta J beta 2.5/V beta 7 D beta J beta 2.1 in the spleen and liver, V beta 8.2 D beta J beta 2.5/V beta 8.3 D beta J beta 2.2/V beta 7 D beta J beta 2.6 in the bone marrow, and V beta 7 D beta J beta 2.1/V beta 3 D beta J beta 1.2 in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Judging from the unusual surface phenotypes, such as heat stable antigen, macrophage-1, B220, CD45RBdim, and Mel-14dim, which are known to be T cell activation markers, peripheral V alpha 14+ NK T cells may always be activated under physiologic conditions, resulting in the oligoclonal expansion of V alpha 14+ NK T cells with different invariant TCR-beta in different peripheral organs. The unique features of V alpha 14+ NK T cells are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

Spatial and temporal expression of fibril-forming minor collagen genes (types V and XI) during fracture healing.

Skeletal development involves the coordinated participation of several types of collagen, including both major and minor fibrillar collagens. Although much is known about the major fibrillar collagens, such as types I and II, less is known about the minor fibrillar collagens, and their role in the repair and regeneration of bone has not been extensively studied. To clarify the role of minor fibrillar collagens in fracture repair, we examined the spatial and temporal expression of mRNAs for pro-alpha 2(V) collagen and pro-alpha 1(XI) collagen in healing fractures in the rat by in situ hybridization and compared their patterns of expression with those of mRNAs for pro-alpha 1(I) collagen, pro-alpha 1(II) collagen, and osteocalcin. A strong signal for pro-alpha 2(V) was detected in the periosteal osteoprogenitor cells, whereas osteocalcin mRNA was strongly expressed only in the deep layers of the hard callus. The distribution of the pro-alpha 2(V) signal was correlated with that of pro-alpha 1(I) but was mutually exclusive of that of pro-alpha 1(II). The expression of pro-alpha 1(XI) mRNA was synchronously regulated with that of pro-alpha 1(II) during chondrogenesis in the soft callus. In the hard callus, pro-alpha 1(XI) signal was found in osteoblastic cells at the site of intramembranous and endochondral ossification. These cells simultaneously expressed pro-alpha 2(V), although they were negative for pro-alpha 1(II). These findings suggest that the alpha 2(V) collagen chain participates in the formation of the noncartilaginous fibrillar network in the hard callus and preferentially contributes to the initial stage of the intramembranous bone formation. Recent reports have revealed that type-XI collagen, which had been classified as a cartilage-type collagen, is not necessarily specific for cartilage. The present results advanced this recognition and demonstrated a coexpression of alpha 1(XI) mRNA and alpha 2(V) mRNA in the noncartilaginous tissues in the fracture callus; this suggests the presence of tissue-specific and stage-specific heterotrimers consisting of alpha 1(XI) and alpha 2(V) collagen chains and the association of such hybrid trimers with the major fibrillar collagens in the process of fracture healing.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

New endoscopic treatment for chronic pancreatitis, using contrast media containing ulinastatin and prednisolone.

The preventive effects of contrast media containing ulinastatin (UST) and/or prednisolone (PDN) on potential complications associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were studied in 111 patients. The incidence of abdominal pain and the elevation in the serum amylase level after ERCP were lower in the UST group than in the control group and abdominal pain and the elevated serum amylase level were almost completely suppressed in the PDN and UST/PDN groups. Based on these findings, a comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of UST and PDN, given via the pancreatic duct, in alleviating pain symptoms in 57 patients with chronic pancreatitis and abdominal pain. The post-ERCP serum amylase level in some patients in the PDN and UST/PDN groups was lower than the pretreatment value. After ERCP, the abdominal pain that had been experienced before ERCP was relieved, and the value of the bentiromide-paraaminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) test had improved. These results suggest that the use of contrast media containing PDN or UST/PDN in patients with chronic pancreatitis is extremely effective not only for preventing potential complications related to ERCP but also as a new diagnostic treatment method.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed1997

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis accelerates the recovery of polysynaptic reflex potentials after transient spinal cord ischemia in cats.

Nitric Oxide (NO) has been implicated as a mediator of neuronal injury in vascular stroke. On the other hand, NO is suggested to play a neuroprotective role by increasing blood flow during cerebral ischemia. In order to evaluate the role of NO in the spinal cord ischemia, effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on the recovery of reflex potentials after a transient spinal cord ischemia were examined in urethane-chloralose anesthetized spinal cats. Spinal cord ischemia was produced by occlusion of the thoracic aorta and the both internal mammary arteries for 10 min. Regional blood flow (RBF) in the spinal cord was continuously measured with a laser-Doppler flow meter. The monosynaptic (MSR) and polysynaptic reflex (PSR) potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve, were recorded from the L7 or S1 ventral root. The recovery process of spinal reflex potentials was reproducible when the oclusion was repeated twice at an interval of 120 min. Pretreatment with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 10 mg/kg), a NOS inhibitor significantly accelerated the recovery of PSR potentials after spinal cord ischemia. The accelerating effect of L-NMMA on the recovery of PSR potentials was abolished by co-administration of L-arginine (1 mg/kg/min) but not by that of D-arginine (1 mg/kg/min). L-NMMA failed to improve RBF in the spinal cord during ischemia and reperfusion. Nitroprusside (10 microg/kg/min), a NO donor, retarded the recovery of PSR potentials after spinal cord ischemia. These results suggest that NO production has a significant influence on the functional recovery after transient spinal cord ischemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates differentiation of cultured spinal ligament cells from patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is characterized by heterotopic bone formation occurring in spinal ligament, causing severe compression myelopathy. In order to investigate the mechanism of OPLL development, we isolated spinal ligament cells from OPLL patients as well as non-OPLL patients, and established 10 OPLL cell lines and 7 non-OPLL cell lines, respectively. We analyzed the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on these cells with respect to alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and collagen production. BMP-2 caused a significant increase of AP activity in 4 OPLL cell lines, whereas the activity did not change in any non-OPLL cells. Among OPLL cells, BMP-2 stimulated DNA synthesis in four cell lines and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide (PICP) synthesis in five cell lines. Some non-OPLL cells also responded to BMP-2, as there was an increase of DNA synthesis in three cell lines and PICP synthesis in one cell line. These data collectively indicate that BMP-2 preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. OPLL cells, therefore, exhibit a different response to BMP-2 than non-OPLL cells, suggesting that the expression of BMP receptor(s) and/or the signal transduction initiated by BMP-2 in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients somewhat deviate from those in normal spinal ligament cells. Such abnormal characteristics of OPLL cells as described here provide some clues to the clarification of the pathogenesis of OPLL.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1997

Complement Cls, a classical enzyme with novel functions at the endochondral ossification center: immunohistochemical staining of activated Cls with a neoantigen-specific antibody.

The secondary ossification center of 14- to 16-day-old hamster tibiae was examined immunohistochemically with active and inactive Cls-specific antibodies, RK5 and RK4, respectively. At the ossification center, chondrocytes differentiate from proliferating and hypertrophic to degenerating stages, and their site is occupied by the bone marrow. Cls was strongly immunostained in hypertrophic chondrocytes. In order to discover whether Cls is activated at a particular site, the cartilage was immunostained with RK5 and RK4. RK5 mainly reacted with degrading matrix around invading vessels. In contrast, RK4 strongly stained hypertrophic chondrocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed Cls on degrading fragments of chondrocytes and fibers of cartilage matrix. Decorin, one of the major matrix proteoglycans, was dose and time dependently degraded by Cls. Type II collagen and type I gelatin were also degraded. Articular cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was positively immunostained (11/12 cases) with an anti-Cls monoclonal antibody (mAb) PG11, whereas normal articular cartilage (5/5 cases) was negative, suggesting Cls participation in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗