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H Morgenstern

Publications and source records attributed to H Morgenstern.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for determining the sampling ratio in epidemiologic studies.

This paper presents a new method for determining the optimal sampling ratio and sample size in different types of study designs involving binary exposure and disease variables. The sampling ratio is optimized by maximizing cost efficiency, which is the ratio of the precision in effect estimation to the total sampling cost. One may easily compute the optimal sampling ratio with a hand calculator, and it is independent of the sample sizes of the compared groups. Optimal sample sizes obtain from use of the optimal sampling ratio in the appropriate asymptotic power function for comparing two proportions or rates with unequal sample sizes. We illustrate the method with a case-control design, compare it with other methods for optimizing the sampling strategy, and discuss it in a practical context.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of insurance claims databases to evaluate the outcomes of ophthalmic surgery.

This article reviews methodological issues in research using Medicare claims data and reviews how those issues affect the interpretation of study results. Although studies using Medicare claims data can improve our knowledge of surgical outcomes, the ability to infer that one type of surgery or one surgeon is better than another is limited by such factors as bias due to inaccurate record keeping, confounding of treatment effects by other covariates, effect modification due to factors associated with treatment, and selective loss of follow-up of patients. Five studies on the outcomes of cataract surgery and capsulotomy are reviewed, providing illustrations of methodological strengths and weaknesses of this type of research.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a health risk appraisal for the elderly (HRA-E).

The purpose of this project is to develop a health risk appraisal for the elderly (HRA-E) and test its application in both medical and nonmedical settings. The HRA-E system consists of a questionnaire and software for computer-generation of personalized reports to participants, 55 years and older, and their physicians. Items in the questionnaire cover a comprehensive range of content domains relevant to health promotion in the elderly. The goal of the HRA-E system is to prevent functional decline. Samples of eligible subjects from the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), a group practice, and a senior center were extended invitations to participate. Those responding affirmatively to the invitation were given a questionnaire and evaluation form. Each person who returned the questionnaire received his or her personal report and a second evaluation form. Four months after receiving their reports, respondents were questioned about behavior changes during the interim. Preliminary findings, based on 1895 respondents, indicate that nearly all participants found the questionnaire easy to complete and were pleased with its overall length. In addition, most participants read their reports, and many planned to take action, based on report recommendations. In the next phase of this project, the intent is to refine the questionnaire, extend the intervention protocols for longitudinal application, and evaluate its impact on health-related behaviors, medical care utilization, and functional decline.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of radiation and chemical exposures on cancer mortality among Rocketdyne workers: a review of three cohort studies.

The purpose of the UCLA Rocketdyne Study was to estimate the effects of occupational exposures to low-level ionizing radiation and selected chemicals on cancer mortality among nuclear and aerospace workers who were employed at Rocketdyne/Atomics International between 1950 and 1993. The results of this retrospective cohort study suggest that: (1) exposure to external radiation, especially doses greater than 200 mSv, increased the risk of dying from lymphopoietic cancers, lung cancer, and possibly other solid cancers; (2) exposure to internal radiation increased the risk of dying from lymphopoietic cancers and upper-aerodigestive-tract cancers; and (3) exposure to hydrazine or other chemicals associated with the same jobs at rocket-engine test stands increased the risk of dying from lung cancer and possibly other cancers.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Some epidemiological indicators in bronchopulmonary cancer in Sector 5 of Bucharest (study of 525 cases)].

The incidence was studied of broncho-pulmonary carcinoma, as well as of other epidemiological indicators in the 5th district of Bucharest over a period of 14 years (1960-1973) during which a total of 525 cases have occured. The incidence in this territory tends to become real from 1967 when the curve overtook the death-rate in the country. Following a continuous increase the number of cases reached 29 0/0000 in 1973 and it is presumed that it will attain 40 0/0000 in 1980. The increase in the morbidity is due to a higher number of cases noted in the extreme age groups (the increase was 2,5-fold in those under 40 years of age); the age group which was the most seriously involved was that between 60 and 69 years, in which the morbidity was of 111 0/0000. The proportion of women has also increased, from 1/6-th to 1/5-th of the total number of cases. In women the frequency of adenocarcinoma and of non-differentiated neoplasies is somewhat higher than in men. The proportion of histopathological confirmation of the disease diminished in the last years probably due to the higher number of aged subjects that cannot be correctly investigated or surgically treated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use and evaluation of radiophotography in the ambulatory care of lung diseases].

In the methodological cabinet for pneumology of the Institute of Phtysiology, radiophotography was employed in the following fields: a) screening of acute and chronic pneumopathies as appears from : the increase in the number of cases of non-specific pneumopathies as compared with cases of tuberculosis and the quantitative contribution of the method reflected in the fact that over 80% of the cases with non-specific pneumopathies were detected by radiophotography; b) diagnosis -- by comparing with the data recorded in the files, multiple incidences (front, posterior lordosis, profile); locally pointed (targeted) photographs, rf quantified functional tests in cases suspected of C.O.B.P.: c) follow-up of the evolution of dispensary cases and of the therapeutical effect; d) scientific research and teaching activities through epidemiological and pathogenesis studies, thus allowing for a valorification of the files over a 16 years period. The use of the radiophotographic method in the activity of a cabinet of pneumology is necessary especially because it allows for an early detection, a superior morphological diagnosis, as compared with radioscopy (fluoroscopy), for an objective and economical follow-up of the cases, providing at the same time material for scientific research and teaching demonstrations.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative results of total detections and detection in a group of patients with high risk for tuberculosis in an urban environment].

In the territory of 5 anti-TBC dispensaries in the area of Bucharest 2 circumscriptions have been selected at random in which radiophotographic detection was to be carried out integrally and 2 other circumscriptions were selected for the investigation of groups at high risk of developing tuberculosis. All the new cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis that have been recorded, through all the methods in these 20 circumscriptions in 1973 were analized retrospectively and the reasons appeared that had determined their existence was mentioned or was ommitted on the occasion of previous investigations. These reasons were correlated with the data concerning the method for detection that had been employed, according to the indications of the tuberculosis dispensaries. In view of the evaluation of the degree of real covering of the population in integral rf investigations, the team of the Institute of Phtysiology investigated representative lots of population from each dispensary and checked the catagraphy of the population in the field, house-by-house. It was noted that 20--21% of the subjects that had been programmed for the integral rf examination (according to catagraphic criteria) were absent when the checking in the field, that should have been programmed, were not included in the catagraphy. On the basis of this study the methodology for radiophotographic detection for groups with risk of developing tuberculosis was established.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term study of the effect of successive surveys on tuberculosis endemia].

A whole rural population of 16359 subjects was followed for a period of 24 years. This period of 24 years is well divided from the viewpoint of the succesive systematic detection three intervals being selected, as follows: a) the stage of usual anti-tuberculous assistance; b) the stage of scientific experimentation consisting in 3 radiophotographic detections repeated every two years and the annual control of groups with high risk, between 1960--1965, completed by integral biological detection in children (every year) and bacteriological controls. The population controls were followed by the diagnosis; c) the stage of discontinuing the experiment when current antituberculous assistance was resumed, between 1966 and 1974. All cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, that have been recorded through all the methods of investigation over a period of 24 years in all these localities are correlated, on the one hand to one another, and on the other hand with objective documents obtained during the period of intensive control of the population over the 6-years interval. Thus the limits appear more correctly, within which this natural history of the disease can be detected through various types of population control, as well as some practical consequences for the improvement of the technique and of the control methodology in the future.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retrospective study of the value of radiophotographic examinations in the detection of pulmonary cancer].

Out of a total of 123 cases of centro-hilar pulmonary carcinoma and of 65 cases of carcinoma with peripheral localization changes on the previous radiophotographic images were found in 54% of the cases. The time necessary for doubling of the tumour size was of 22 months for the peripheral forms of cancer. The suspicion of pulmonary cancer was mentioned in the radiophotographic register two years before the diagnosis of the disease was made.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Cu/Fe ratio and its significance in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of bronchopulmonary cancer].

In 197 cases with various bronchopulmonary affections, iron was dosed in serum, according to Weippel's method, and copper, according to Cantarov's method. Cu/Fe serous ratio was found in the normal patients between 0.7 and 1.7 higher than the control sample were reached (1.2); in OCBP the ratio was twice versus the control sample (2.62 versus 1.2). In the disease diagnosis and prognosis, the determination of the Cu/Fe serous ratio is suggested in those suspected of bronchopulmonary cancer. The increase of the ratio shows the aggravation by metastases, and the improvement after operations indicates the lack of metastases. The advantages of the test are: sensitivity, specificity, predictability, economy.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗