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Biomedical subjects

H Montgomery

Publications and source records attributed to H Montgomery.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Towards a perspective theory of decision making and judgment.

The notion of perspectives in its literal perceptual sense is assumed to shed light on thinking in general and evaluative processes in decision making and judgments in particular. Three determinants of perspectives in thinking are identified: (a) the subject, i.e., subject orientation, (b) the object, and (c) psychological distance between subject and object. Dependent on the congruence between subject orientation and characteristics of the object different figure-ground relationships are formed. When an inside perspective is adopted (the object is seen as affiliated with the subject) positive features form the ground and negative features are in the background. Conversely, when an outside perspective is adopted (the object is seen as separate from the subject) negative features form the figure and positive features are in the background. A model is outlined for relationships among perspectives, evaluations and external constraints in decision making and judgment. Empirical data from three empirical studies illustrate the validity of the framework described in the paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Perception: the interface between cognition and the external world.

In contrast to researchers who emphasize the distinction between perception and cognition it is claimed that the perceptual system is closely intertwined with cognition and with our comprehension of the external world. This claim is supported by evidence for two characteristic features of human information processing. One of these features is the use of mental models. If mental models are assumed to be anchored in the perceptual system it will not be necessary to assume a "little man in the head" who reads off the model. Moreover, perceptually based mental models will provide a referential semantics by anchoring mentally represented concepts in the external world. The other feature is the use of perceptually based perspectives in cognition, such as actor or observer perspectives in social cognition. It is concluded that human beings consistently interact within the real world--also when they are just thinking--and that this becomes possible via perceptual processes.

Attention↗
PubMed1985

A clinical trial of automatic gain control in abdominal ultrasound.

Large errors can occur with time gain compensation which is set up manually. These errors occur since basic time gain compensation usually assumes that the tissues being scanned are uniform. Automatic gain control has been somewhat neglected, probably due to a lack of clinical confirmation of its value and reliability. The trial of a commercial automatic gain control system in routine abdominal work has demonstrated that for 90% of patients it is capable of producing images as good as, or better than, the basic gain controls while involving the operator in fewer control manipulations.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

The effect of induced electric currents on bone after experimental osteotomy in sheep.

We have investigated the effect of currents induced by electromagnetic fields on the healing of the tibia of sheep after osteotomy, using objective and quantifiable criteria wherever possible. A battery-powered, induction apparatus was developed and was enclosed within the cast applied to the limb, so that the treated fractures received pulsed magnetic fields for 24 hours a day while the animals were freely mobile. In all, 13 sheep were treated and 13 were used as controls. The response was assessed by radiography of the limb and of the excised bone, by histology, including measurement of the areas of callus, fibrocallus and cortical bone, and by measurement of the uptake and extraction of bone-seeking mineral. All the bones healed and no statistically significant differences between the treated animals and the controls were discovered except (at only P less than 0.05) in the uptake of bone-seeking mineral; this increased more rapidly in treated animals over the two to three weeks after osteotomy, although at six weeks the uptake in both groups was the same.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Campylobacter enterocolitis in a neonatal nursery.

During a five-day period, four neonates in a neonatal nursery developed Campylobacter entercolitis. Investigations suggested that cross-infection or common-source infection were unlikely and that the neonates acquired their infection during delivery from their respective mothers, three of whom were also found to harbour Campylobacter jejuni in their stools. This suggestion was confirmed with use of the Lior serotyping system in a blind fashion. Each neonate was infected with a different serotype, and each of the three culture-positive mothers had the same serotype as her neonate. Examination of multiple colonies from the stools of five individuals showed that each was likely to have been infected by only one serotype. The presenting clinical features in the four neonates provides further evidence that neonatal Campylobacter entercolitis typically manifests as a benign, self-limited, nonfebrile, diarrheal illness with bloody stools.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1977

Giant basal cell carcinoma.

Whereas basal cell carcinoma usually is a slow-growing tumor of the head and neck region, we have observed, over a 20-year period, three large, unique basal cell tumors of the back that were distinctive and presented clinical and histologic problems in diagnosis. They commonly formed exophytic, vegetative, flesh-colored to red, sessile plaques up to 20 cm in diameter. Ulceration was the principal feature of a fourth tumor, which destroyed the skin of the entire lumbar area and invaded the muscle. Regional-node metastases from this tumor showed basal cell carcinoma. Histologically, all the primary lesions were adenoid basal cell carcinomas with mucinous stroma. Histochemistry in two cases demonstrated minimal respiratory enzymes and no special esterolytic or lysosomal enzymes. Surgery was curative in three of these cases of rare, giant variant of basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

Adult↗