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Biomedical subjects

H Mogami

Publications and source records attributed to H Mogami.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Radiation-induced esophageal stricture in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy].

Five out of 165 cases (3.0%) which were treated for non-small cell lung cancer with radiotherapy (98 cases were treated with chemoradiotherapy, and the other 67 cases, radiotherapy alone) developed esophageal stricture. Their clinical courses, the relationship among radiation dosage, combination with chemotherapy, the length of the irradiated esophagus, and the occurrence of esophageal stricture were reviewed. One of the 5 cases was a case with lung cancer in Bloom's syndrome, which developed an esophageal stricture after receiving only 30.6 Gy (the TDF value was 46.2) to the esophagus. This case suggests the possibility that a patient with Bloom's syndrome is more radiosensitive than normal controls. The other 4 cases were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. One of the 4 cases was treated with concomitant use of bleomycin (BLM), while the TDF value was not more than 100 (75.4). The concomitant sue of BLM was almost certainly the cause of the esophageal stricture. The other 3 cases were treated with chemoradiotherapy, the TDF values of which were more than 100 (108.7, 112.5, and 129.3). The chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and the overdosage were considered to be the cause of the esophageal stricture in these 3 cases. These data suggest that in Bloom's syndrome, radiotherapy should be performed carefully and that BLM should not be used simultaneously with irradiation to the esophagus. It is also believed that a radiation dose over 100 in TDF value to the esophagus should be discouraged when chemotherapy is combined.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[High yielding culture of LAK cells by the concentration rotary tissue culture system and its clinical application].

The concentration rotary tissue culture system (Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc. Japan) was utilized to induce LAK cells from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of brain tumor patients. These LAK cells were administrated into the tumor cavity or cerebrospinal space of the patients. Under our culture system, the final administration of LAK cells increased tenfold of the initial PBLs, which were collected by leukapheresis. Around 4 weeks after the culture, these cells could not increase in number, with the decrease in cytotoxicity activity against Daudi and human glioblastoma (ONS-12) cells. The level of ammonium and lactate in the culture medium were comparatively kept low. IL-2 receptors were amplified with the increase in T cell population, especially helper T cells. This system may be a good tool to induce LAK cells for adoptive immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expression of major histocompatibility complex on human medulloblastoma cells with neuronal differentiation.

Medulloblastomas are among the most common malignant brain tumors in children. These tumors consist of immature bipotential cells that may differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. We have established two cell lines for human medulloblastoma. One was derived from a 2-year-old girl with a cerebellar tumor (designated as ONS-76) and another from a 9-year-old girl with a metastatic tumor in the right frontal lobe (ONS-81). The in vitro population-doubling times were 18.6 and 19.2 h, respectively. Immunohistochemical studies showed that both cells possessed neurofilament protein (Mr 145,000 and 200,000) and neuron-specific enolase, without glial fibrillary acidic protein or S-100 protein. Human gamma-interferon enhanced class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on these medulloblastoma cells. Class II major histocompatibility complex antigens were also induced by human interferon-gamma. We here report for the first time the expression of class II major histocompatibility antigens, which play an important role in immune response, on human medulloblastoma cells with neuronal differentiation.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1989

[Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine in partial epilepsy--evaluation of delayed image].

Thirty eight patients with partial seizures in the interictal phase were studied using single photon emission computed tomography performed 30 min. (early image) and 4-4.5 hrs. (delayed image) after an injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) N-isopropyl-p(123I) iodoamphetamine (IMP). Five types of distribution changes were observed on IMP-SPECT between the early and delayed images. Eight patients, Type 1, exhibited an unchanged distribution of IMP between the early and delayed images. Fifteen patients, Type 2, showed a smaller area of low uptake on the IMP-SPECT (delayed image) compared to that on the IMP-SPECT (early image)-redistribution. The Type 3 patients exhibited an initial uptake area on the IMP-SPECT (early image) which later became a lower uptake area on the IMP-SPECT (delayed image)-reversed redistribution. This type was further classified into three categories according to the initial uptake pattern including (a) Type 3A, 3 patients with increased uptake area, (b) Type 3B, 6 patients with normal uptake area, and (c) Type 3C, 6 patients with decreased uptake area. With Type 2, the epileptic findings on the present interictal electroencephalography (EEG) were shown in 11 of 15 patients. However, we could not find any other remarkable correlation among these 5 types and the clinical factors (the types of seizures, the X-CT findings, the present interictal EEG data, the present frequency of seizures, and the intervals from the last seizure). In 2 patients with Type 3B who suffered from simple partial seizures, a region of the normal distribution on the IMP-SPECT (early image) became a lower uptake area on the IMP-SPECT (delayed image), corresponding topologically to the ictal symptoms. In this experience, we determined that the IMP-SPECT (delayed image) could be useful in patients with the epileptic lesions unable to be detected on the IMP-SPECT (early image).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Visualization of epileptic lesions using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine after intravenous loading of bemegride--report of a case].

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed 30 minutes and 4 hours after injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine (IMP) which was injected 5 minutes after the completion of intravenous bemegride loading. A 31-year-old female with simple partial seizures evolving to complex partial seizures evolving to generalized tonic-clonic convulsive seizures with a history of hospitalization, suffering from low-grade fever, generalized convulsive seizures, and impaired consciousness at the age of 27 years was studied. Angiographic examinations, X-CT, MRI, CSF examinations, and interictal neurological examinations were normal. She suffered from clonic convulsions in her right shoulder and arm, and hallucinations and dysmnesia which were characteristic of temporal lobe epilepsy. More recently she suffered from impaired consciousness once or twice a month. While the controlled IMP-SPECT study was normal, the IMP-SPECT study examined after the activation by intravenous bemegride loading showed the pattern of a regional increased uptake of IMP in the epileptic lesions corresponding with the epileptic symptoms, and a surrounding border of decreased uptake which might be the inhibition of surrounding neuronal activity and metabolism. In conclusion, the bemegride loading IMP-SPECT study could be a potential diagnostic method in patients with seizures whose epileptic lesions were not determined by the conventional methods or in whom the surgical interventions were considered, by reason of its capability to demonstrate positively the epileptic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

SPECT volume measurement using an automatic threshold selection method combined with a V filter.

The volume measurement of various organs by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has generally been performed by summing up the voxels lying within the outer edge of the organ determined by thresholding as a function of the maximum reconstructed counts within a volume of interest. The optimum threshold level, however, is influenced by various factors. To eliminate this problem, Mortelmans et al. (1986) proposed to use an automatic threshold selection method (ATSM) based on discriminant criteria and to correct the errors induced by the imperfect system response using the method based on linear regression analysis, which has some problems in practical application. We tried to use ATSM combined with a V filter. The correlation coefficient (r) and the regression equation between the true (x) and the calculated volume (y) obtained by experimentation using 22 phantoms with a volume ranging between 26 ml and 380 ml were as follows: r = 0.994 and y(ml) = 1.015 x +1.09 using ATSM combined with a V filter, while r = 0.993 and y(ml) = 1.110 x +30.55 using only ATSM. The relative error between the true and the calculated volumes decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 37.7% +/- 26.9% to 5.5% +/- 4.2%. The results suggest that ATSM combined with a V filter is useful for correcting the errors caused by an imperfect system response, and is available and reliable for SPECT volume determination even when the organ volume is small.

Filtration↗
PubMed1989

Alleviation of gallbladder complications by treatment of hepatic arterial embolization with caerulein.

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with the concurrent use of caerulein was assessed for the purpose of preventing gallbladder complications often seen after TAE of hepatic carcinoma. Ninety-six cases with primary hepatic carcinoma, who had undergone TAE in the right hepatic arterial region over the past 4 years, were divided into three groups: 22 cases for which embolization was possible on a selective basis by passing the catheter to the peripheral side beyond the bifurcated region of the cystic artery; 40 cases who had undergone TAE in which caerulein was not administered, from the central side of the bifurcated region of the cystic artery; and 34 cases given 20 micrograms caerulein 15-30 min before TAE. A comparison was made using the abdominal pain, pyrexia, rate of leukocytosis and the US findings of the gallbladder as the indices of the gallbladder complications. As a result, it became evident that it was possible to prevent or alleviate gallbladder complications if caerulein were administered before TAE in cases where the embolizing substances were infused in the right hepatic artery from the central side of the bifurcated region of the cystic artery. It was conclusively shown that the gallbladder blood flow decreases if the organ is contracted by caerulein, which in turn causes a decrease in the inflow of the embolizing substances whereby complications are alleviated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Recovery of gonadal function after resection of an oligodendroglioma localized in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle: relation to pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone.

A 21-year-old man with an oligodendroglioma in the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle complained of sexual dysfunction and showed lowered concentrations of serum testosterone (1.1 ng/ml) with normal pituitary function. Human chorionic gonadotropin testing revealed a good testosterone response (1.1 to 4.9 ng/ml) and a clomiphene test revealed no gonadotropin response. Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) was absent preoperatively. After removal of the tumor, serum concentration of testosterone increased to the normal range, LH pulsatility appeared, and the patient had no complaints of sexual dysfunction. In this patient, the loss of LH pulsatility responsible for his hypogonadism was caused by the lateral ventricle tumor compressing the surrounding structures, and this was corrected by tumor resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neuronal network disturbance after focal ischemia in rats.

We studied functional disturbances following left middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Neuronal function was evaluated by [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography 1 day after occlusion. We analyzed the mechanisms of change in glucose utilization outside the infarct using Fink-Heimer silver impregnation, axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated-horseradish peroxidase, and succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry. One day after occlusion, glucose utilization was remarkably reduced in the areas surrounding the infarct. There were many silver grains indicating degeneration of the synaptic terminals in the cortical areas surrounding the infarct and the ipsilateral cingulate cortex. Moreover, in the left thalamus where the left middle cerebral artery supplied no blood, glucose utilization significantly decreased compared with sham-operated rats. In the left thalamus, massive silver staining of degenerated synaptic terminals and decreases in succinate dehydrogenase activity were observed 4 and 5 days after occlusion. The absence of succinate dehydrogenase staining may reflect early changes in retrograde degeneration of thalamic neurons after ischemic injury of the thalamocortical pathway. Terminal degeneration even affected areas remote from the infarct: there were silver grains in the contralateral hemisphere transcallosally connected to the infarct and in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. Axonal transport study showed disruption of the corticospinal tract by subcortical ischemia; the transcallosal pathways in the cortex surrounding the infarct were preserved. The relation between neural function and the neuronal network in the area surrounding the focal cerebral infarct is discussed with regard to ischemic penumbra and diaschisis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of tumors in the anterior skull base using the transbasal approach.

Five patients with tumors in the anterior skull base were surgically treated using the transbasal approach, which permits removal of the tumor, repair of the dura mater, and reconstruction of the skull base in a one-stage procedure. By using autologous materials for the bone graft and pedunculated pericranial flap for the reconstruction, the intracranial structures are separated from the air-filled nasal and paranasal cavities. No postoperative complications such as wound infection and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid were encountered. The use of this surgical technique makes it possible to extirpate brain tumors that heretofore have been considered unresectable.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Nodding attacks (infantile spasms) associated with temporal lobe astrocytoma--case report.

A 2-year-old boy suffered nodding attacks (infantile spasms) that were refractory to anticonvulsants. Computed tomography showed a mass with cystic components in the right temporal lobe, and electroencephalography (EEG) disclosed polyspike and wave discharges in the bilateral temporoparietal regions. At surgery, a firm, gray, well circumscribed tumor was radically removed. The nodding attacks disappeared immediately after surgery and EEG improved gradually. The pathological diagnosis was grade 1 astrocytoma with abundant capillaries and calcospherites. He remained free of seizures during the following 6 years.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1989

Epidermal growth factor receptor in human glioma.

Distribution of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in the surgical specimen of the human glioma was studied by immunohistochemical techniques using a monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody. Of 11 gliomas examined, EGF receptors were detected in nine glioblastomas and in one fibrillary astrocytoma. In the majority of cells, staining was observed over the cell membrane. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was also seen. In four glioblastomas, EGF receptor-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the tumor tissue. In one glioblastoma and one fibrillary astrocytoma, only a few positive cells were observed. These results imply the possible role of EGF receptors in the cellular proliferation of the human glioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Meningeal gliomatosis--clinical features and results of treatment].

Fifteen (15.6%) patients of 97 with malignant glioma developed meningeal gliomatosis during at least 2 years after the initial treatment. The time between the first surgery and diagnosis of meningeal gliomatosis was less than 1 year in 10 cases, 1 to 2 years in 2 and over 2 years in 2. In the younger age group less than 20 years, the incidence of meningeal gliomatosis was higher (46%) than that (12%) in the older group. Despite intrathecal chemotherapy (cytosine arabinoside, bleomycin and methotrexate), all patients died 2 to 24 weeks after the diagnosis of meningeal gliomatosis. Experimental studies suggest that intrathecal ACNU may be promising for the treatment of meningeal gliomatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of anticonvulsants on cellular immunity].

The effects of anticonvulsants on cellular immunity were examined in murine models. Fresh splenocytes were obtained from mice which had been intraperitoneally given 1 mg of phenytoin, 2 mg of phenobarbital, or 20mg of valproate for 28 days. The serum concentration of phenytoin, phenobarbital and valproate in these animals were 10-20 micrograms/ml, 30-40 micrograms/ml and 50-70 micrograms/ml, respectively. The proliferative response of splenocytes to mitogens was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. The cytotoxic activities of cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were estimated by a 4 hr-51Cr release assay. Phenytoin suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, NK activity, and CTL activity, but never LAK activity. Phenobarbital suppressed proliferative response to rIL-2 and CTL activity, but did not suppress NK activity nor LAK activity. In turn sodium pyruvate never suppressed any activity on cellular immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Adoptive immunotherapy in patients with medulloblastoma by LAK cells].

Medulloblastoma is one of the most popular malignant brain tumors in children. It accounts for about 15% of all pediatric brain tumors. Radiochemotherapy has prolonged the 5-year survival rate up to 60-85% for patients with medulloblastoma. But the conventional therapy is not so effective to recurrent cases, especially with meningeal dissemination, and generally fatal. There remains a big problem of the neurotoxicity to infants in a growth process under the whole-neuraxis irradiation and chemotherapy. Aiming to relieve the radiation and antitumor drugs, adoptive immunotherapy is greatly expectant. We have had clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy for 8 patients with medulloblastoma by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. They were from 2-9 years in age and had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination of the tumors. All patients underwent the whole-neuraxis irradiation and chemotherapy. After they had CSF dissemination, they were submitted to an adoptive transfer of allogeneic LAK cells. LAK cells were induced from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of their relatives with human recombinant interleukin-2. 3-15 x 10(9) LAK cells were transferred intrathecally in 2-3 months. In 3 of 8 patients, neurological signs were improved and malignant cells had never been detected on CSF cytology after the adoptive immunotherapy. One among these 3 patients showed complete response in 20 months. Thus, this is an attractive treatment for patients with medulloblastoma, especially with CSF dissemination, which cannot be cured by current therapeutic intervention.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[In situ nick translation for detection of DNA damages in glioma cells].

DNA damaging agents such as nitrosoureas are widely used for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Therefore, quantitative measurement of DNA damages induced by antineoplastic drugs is useful to judge the efficacy of the drug and understand the pharmacological action of the drug. We have utilized in situ nick translation method to demonstrate "nicks" in DNA of glioma cells treated by various antineoplastic agents. Exponentially growing rat 9 L glioma cells (4 x 10(4] were seeded in the chamber slide. After fourty eight hours, the medium was changed to that containing various concentration of the drug (ACNU, cis-DDP, BLM, ADM and VP-16) and the cell was treated for 1 hour. Then, the cell was fixed for 10 minutes in methanol-acetic acid (v/v 3:1). Following fixation, the cell was incubated in the nick translation mixture containing E. coli DNA polymerase I, 3H-TTP, and 4 dNTP's (ATP, GTP, CTP, CTP and TTP) for 10 minutes at room temperature. The slide was dipped in the autoradiographic emulsion, exposed for 4 days at 4 degrees C, and then developed, the number of the silver grains over nuclei was counted under the microscope. For comparison of the effect of the drug to glioma cells, IC50 (inhibitory concentration of the drug for 50% cell kill) of each drug was determined by treating the cell for 48 hours at the various concentration of the drug. Small number of the silver grains was noted in cells with no treatment. Over IC50 as the concentration of the drug increased, the number of the nick increased in cells treated with bleomycin or adriamycin which are known to produce single strand breaks in DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Capillary permeability factor produced by C 6 glioma cells: role in peritumoral brain edema and possible mechanism of glucocorticoid action].

We studied whether C6 glioma cells produce a diffusible factor that increases capillary permeability of rat brains. Culture supernatant after 4 hours' incubation of C6 glioma cells in serum-free medium was obtained (SUP-N). SUP-N was concentrated 80-fold by dialysis-concentration (MW cut off was 10 kd) (SUP-C). These two supernatant fractions were tested for capillary permeability activity by their infusion into normal rat brains (right caudate-putamen). Control materials (MEM or concentrated MEM) were also infused into the left caudate-putamen as well as supernatants. Capillary permeability was measured by a quantitative autoradiographic method with 14C-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and expressed as an unidirectional blood-to-brain transfer constant (K). Effects of infusates were quantitatively estimated by two parameters, i.e., the highest K value (Kmax) (microliter/g/min) and the spatial extent (D1/2) (mm). The protein concentration of SUP-N and SUP-C was 15 and 950 micrograms/ml, respectively. SUP-N showed a slight increase of capillary permeability, particularly, around the needle track (infusion site) in the brain, but it was not significantly different from the control on the value of Kmax. On the other hand, SUP-C markedly increased capillary permeability (Kmax; SUP-C: 10.83 +/- 0.99, control: 2.53 +/- 0.22, p less than .001) and the effect was much more extensive than that of SUP-N (D1/2; SUP-C: 2.23 +/- 0.26, SUP-N: 0.83 +/- 0.07). A factor in SUP-C increased capillary permeability after a lag phase of 1.5 hours reaching the maximum after 6 hours of infusion, and 24 hours later the effect declined to 30% of Kmax at 6 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗