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Biomedical subjects

H Mogami

Publications and source records attributed to H Mogami.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy with superselective catheterization for acute occlusive cerebrovascular disease].

Intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy with superselective catheterization was performed on 11 patients for acute occlusive cerebrovascular disease. The subjects were five men and six women with a mean age of 70 years (range, 48-83 years). Nine of 11 patients had middle cerebral artery occlusion and two had basilar artery occlusion. The interval from onset to infusion ranged from 3.5 to 9 hours, and the total dosage of urokinase from 24 x 10(4) to 150 x 10(4) IU. Recanalization of the occluded artery was achieved in nine patients (82%), and favorable clinical outcome was achieved in seven patients (64%). Six of whom were discharged with no neurologic deficits. Hemorrhagic infarction occurred in two patients without clinical deterioration. Our observations suggest that intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy with superselective catheterization may be very useful in the acute stage of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[A case with delayed-onset radiation pneumonitis suspected to be induced by oral etoposide].

Radiation pneumonitis usually occurs within 1-3 months after the completion of radiation therapy. A 63-year-old male with primary lung cancer treated by radiation therapy developed radiation pneumonitis 5 months after the completion of radiation therapy. He received 60 Gy to the lung tumor in a conventional fractionation schedule, and then two courses of intravenous chemotherapy using cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (II) (110-140 mg) and etoposide (140-175 mg). Oral etoposide was initiated for bone metastases on the 104th day after the completion of radiation therapy at a daily dose of 20 mg, to a total dose of 1075 mg. He complained of fever and exertional dyspnea 5 months after the completion of radiation therapy. Chest radiography showed homogeneous infiltrates in the irradiated lung. These clinical signs and symptoms were refractory to antibiotic therapy, but steroid therapy resulted in marked improvement. The development of radiation pneumonitis was suspected to be induced by oral etoposide, which was given before the onset of radiation pneumonitis. These data suggest that etoposide induces a recall phenomenon, as has been demonstrated with such drugs as adriamycin and actinomycin-D.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Temperature distribution and geometry of the electrodes in RF interstitial hyperthermia using circular and interstitial electrodes].

To evaluate the feasibility of clinical application of a newly developed interstitial hyperthermia system, which consists of an 8 MHz radiofrequency generator, interstitial needle electrodes, and a superficial circular electrode, we conducted preclinical experiments using an agar phantom and VX-2 carcinoma in the rabbit. In the experiment with an agar phantom, four 4 cm needle electrodes were placed in a square array at intervals of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm. Thermography demonstrated homogeneous temperature distribution at electrode intervals of 1.0 and 1.5 cm, but hot spots around the electrodes at an interval of 2.0 cm. When electrode deviation was less than 8 degrees from the parallel plane, no temperature deviation was observed. Using two 2 cm electrodes and two 4 cm electrodes in square array, thermography demonstrated a homogeneous temperature distribution in the area surrounded by the electrodes. Even if the electrodes were located at the periphery of the agar phantom, a homogeneous temperature distribution was obtained in the area surrounded by the electrodes. Using four 4 cm electrodes at intervals of 1.5 cm in VX-2 carcinoma in the rabbit, ideal heating was obtained: 42 degrees C at the periphery of the tumor and 43 degrees C at the center. These data suggest that the newly developed interstitial hyperthermia apparatus provides homogeneous heat distribution at electrode intervals of 1.5 cm or less and can be used in a Phase I study for deep-seated or superficial tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Results of radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix using high dose-rate intracavitary irradiation].

We retrospectively analyzed 216 previously untreated patients with cervical cancer treated by high dose-rate intracavitary irradiation between 1978 and 1986. Cumulative 5-year survivals in stage Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb and IVa were 72.3%, 88.9%, 68.9%, 75.0%, 64.0% and 16.7%, respectively. Cause-specific 5-year survivals in stage Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb and IVa were 93.3%, 88.9%, 74.7%, 75.0%, 68.9%, and 18.8%, respectively. Recurrences outside the pelvis in stage IIb and IIIb (14.9% and 24.0%) were more common than loco-regional recurrences (10.3% and 12.0%). However, loco-regional recurrences (50%) were most frequent in stage IVa. Thirteen patients (6.0%) required surgical management for intestinal complications (severe). Six patients (2.7%) died due to intestinal complications (fatal). These fatal and severe complications were closely correlated with the dose of external radiation. These data suggest that intracavitary irradiation using a high dose-rate system is useful for the treatment of uterine cancer; however, further efforts to reduce intestinal complications by lowering the dose of external radiation will be necessary. It is also suggested that a combined modality, such as chemotherapy, is necessary for controlling metastases outside the pelvis in stage IIb and IIIb, and for local control in stage IVa.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Oscillation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration induced by insulin-like growth factor I.

The effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) was studied in single BALB/c 3T3 cells by monitoring fura-2 fluorescence. In primed competent cells, IGF-I (1 nM) increased [Ca2+]c in approximately 60% of the cells tested. IGF-I-mediated elevation of [Ca2+]c was observed after a 4- to 17-min lag period. Elevation of [Ca2+]c was only transient but was followed by repetitive increases in [Ca2+]c. The interval between each peak was quite constant in each cell at a given concentration of IGF-I. When the concentration of IGF-I was reduced, both the latent period and interval of each peak were prolonged, whereas amplitude of the increase in [Ca2+]c was not altered. In medium containing 10 microM extracellular calcium, IGF-I did not cause any increase in [Ca2+]c. Likewise, blockade of IGF-induced calcium entry by either cobalt or tetramethrin abolished IGF-I action on [Ca2+]c. IGF-I-mediated oscillation was not affected by either ryanodine or caffeine, compounds that affect calcium-induced calcium release. In addition, pretreatment of the cell with neomycin did not affect IGF-I-mediated oscillation. In agreement with this, IGF-I did not augment production of [3H]inositol trisphosphate in cells prelabeled with [3H]inositol. These results indicate that IGF-I induces oscillation of [Ca2+]c in a single primed competent cell and that the oscillation is totally dependent on IGF-I-mediated calcium entry.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1991

[Embolotherapy of varicocele by stainless steel coil].

Fifty-two patients with varicocele underwent embolotherapy using stainless steel coils. Forty-six of the patients complained of infertility, four of scrotal mass and two of scrotal pain. The procedure was successful in 42 of the 52 patients (81%). Positive semen analyses increased 53% (16/30), and the number of subsequent pregnancies was five of 33 (15%). We conclude that embolotherapy with the coils is a useful therapeutic procedure for varicoceles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Chemotherapy of brain metastases from lung carcinoma: a controlled randomized study.

A controlled randomized study was carried out to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases from lung carcinoma. One hundred patients were randomly divided into three groups at the time of diagnosis or after surgery for metastases. Group A received radiotherapy alone; Group B received radiotherapy and chloroethylnitrosoureas (methyl-CCNU, 100-120 mg/m2, or ACNU 80-100 mg/m2, every 6-8 weeks), and Group C received radiotherapy and a combination of chloroethylnitrosoureas and tegafur (300 mg/m2, daily). Of the 100 patients, 88 could be evaluated. The reduction rates of the tumors of the patients in whom tumor was not surgically removed or not totally removed were compared. Complete resolution of the tumor was noted in 29, 69, and 63% of the patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Tumor regression of greater than or equal to 50% was seen in 36, 69, and 74% of the patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The difference in the response rates of Groups A and C was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Median survival after the start of treatment for brain metastasis was 27, 30.5, and 29 weeks in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was 1 long-term survivor (more than 5 years) in Group A, 3 in Group B, and 1 in Group C. The main cause of death was deterioration attributable to the primary lesion or systemic metastasis, and no statistical difference was noted in survival time among the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Purine catabolites in cerebral interstitial fluid during progression of and recovery from ischemia.

The concentrations of purine catabolites in the cerebral interstitial fluid during progression of and recovery from ischemia were studied using brain microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sealed 0.5-mm hollow dialysis fibers were stereotactically implanted into either the cerebral cortex or hippocampus of ketamine anesthetized gerbils and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at 2 microliters/min. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. The reflectance spectra of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin at the brain surface were monitored over the scalp to assess ischemia and confirm recirculation. Ischemia caused a rapid, 4.8-fold increase in the extracellular concentration of adenosine. The progressive increase in the concentration of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine soon after recirculation is particularly interesting. The subsequent decrease in purine compound concentration was rapid for adenosine but more gradual for inosine and hypoxanthine. Calculated K values for adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were 0.045/min and 0.016/min, respectively. However, no xanthine, uric acid, or purine nucleotides were found in the perfusate. These observations indicated the presence of purine catabolites in the cerebral interstitial space as well as consecutive degradation and recycling involving the interconversion of purine compounds by biochemical metabolic pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A frameless, armless navigational system for computer-assisted neurosurgery. Technical note.

A computer-assisted neurosurgical navigational system has been developed which displays intraoperative manipulation on the preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance (MR) images. The system consists of a three-dimensional digitizer, a personal computer, and an image-processing unit. Utilizing recently developed magnetic field modulation technology, the three-dimensional digitizer determines the spatial position and orientation angles of the resin probe, triangle-shaped pointer, or suction tube with a small attached magnetic field sensor. Four fiducial markers on the scalp were used to translate the spatial data of the probe onto the preoperative CT scans or MR images of the patient. With this frameless, armless navigational system, CT or MR-imaging stereotaxy can be applied to conventional open neurosurgery without limiting the operative field or interfering with the surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Coronary vasospastic activity at sites of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: evaluation using intracoronary acetylcholine administration].

To investigate coronary vasospastic activity after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), we performed intracoronary injection of acetylcholine in 55 patients, mean 3.3 months after successful PTCA. Coronary spasm was defined as transient total or subtotal occlusion of the PTCA sites. Sixty-nine lesions of the 55 patients were examined to determine whether spasm was provoked by incremental doses of acetylcholine. Restenosis was defined as coronary luminal narrowing of > or = 50% after nitroglycerin or isosorbide dinitrate. Twenty of the 55 patients (36%) and 23 of the 69 lesions (33%) had coronary spasm. There was no correlation between the incidence of coronary spasm and the interval from PTCA to the acetylcholine test. The spasm was provoked in 17 lesions of the 50 non-restenotic lesions (34%) and was also provoked in 6 of the 19 restenotic lesions (32%). On the other hand, restenoses occurred in 6 of the 23 spastic lesions (26%) and in 13 of the 43 non-spastic lesions (28%). There was no correlation between the incidence of coronary spasm and the occurrence of restenoses. Twenty-four patients had undergone acetylcholine provocative test before PTCA. Among these 24 patients, 11 had coronary spasm before PTCA, and 7 had coronary spasticity after PTCA. Four patients who had positive evidence of coronary spasm before PTCA did not show negative spasm after PTCA. On the other hand, 3 patients who did not show evidence of coronary spasm showed positive evidence of coronary spasm after PTCA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Osler-Weber-Rendu disease with brain abscess; the mechanism of the formation of brain abscess and its treatment in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease].

A 54 year-old man, who had a hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease; O-W-R) accompanied by pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) and congestive heart failure, developed seizure, right hemiparesis and dysphasia. A brain CT scan revealed a cystic lesion with perifocal edema in left frontoparietal lobe. A contrast enhanced CT scan showed a ring-like enhancement. Dynamic CT scans disclosed that the ring in the cortical side was enhanced more thickly than that in the ventricular side. Considering the severity of the cardio-pulmonary condition, and the deep location of the abscess, we performed an echo-guided aspiration and drainage of the abscess under local anesthesia. No bacteria were demonstrated in the culture of the contents of the abscess. After the surgery, the right hemiparesis and dysphasia were much improved and a CT scan showed the marked reduction of the abscess. However, around eight days after the surgery, the patient showed severe pleural effusion due to progressive heart failure and died on the 11th postoperative day. Autopsy disclosed a shrunken brain abscess, multiple cerebral infarction, multiple PAVFs and severe constrictive pericarditis which was regarded as the cause of death in the patient. In this report, we presented the therapeutic advantage of echo-guided surgery for the treatment of brain abscess in a high-risk patient. We also discussed the mechanism of the formation of brain abscess in patients of O-W-R disease by reviewing published cases.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1991

[In vitro chemosensitivity test with several antitumor agents against eight malignant brain tumor cell-lines].

We performed an in vitro chemosensitivity test with 8 malignant brain tumor cell lines, which were established in our Department. It was shown that ACNU was moderately tumoricidal against only one cell (ONS-86) line. IFN-beta (interferon-beta) was more active against 4 cell (ONS-6, -20, -76, and -81) lines. VCR (vincristine), MTX (methotrexate), and Ara-C (cytosine arabinoside) and FK 973 were most effective against all 8 cell lines. There were some difference in the drug sensitivities among the tumors with the same pathological diagnosis. Since IFN-beta was tumoricidal against to the cells, co-culture of IFN-beta and one of other antitumor agents seemed to induce more antitumor effects. With regard to the side effects of IFN-beta, the combined therapy with IFN-beta and other drugs induced more antitumor effects against malignant brain tumor cells and seemed to reduce the side effects.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Computer assisted neurosurgery: development of a frameless and armless navigation system (CNS navigator)].

We have developed a computer assisted neurosurgical navigation system, which displays the point of ongoing surgical manipulation on the CT or MR images. The system utilizes magnetic field modulation technology for the detection of the 3 dimensional position and orientation angles of the probe, a resin pointer or suction tube with a small magnetic field sensor. Four fiducial markers on the scalp were used to translate the spatial data of the probe onto the CT/MRI images. This frameless and armless navigator with a spatial accuracy of 4mm, introduces CT/MRI-stereotaxy to conventional open neurosurgery without limiting the operative field or interfering with surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[One stage removal of huge glomus tumor].

Surgical removal of a huge glomus jugular tumor has been considered as one of the most difficult skull base surgeries not only because of the difficulty in approaching the tumor, but also because of its highly vascular nature and various possible postoperative complications. We used combined infratemporal fossa and lateral suboccipital approach in a single stage to operate on a 49-year-old male with a huge glomus jugular tumor, which extended from the right cerebellopontine angle to the level of the the third vertebra. With this approach we could expose the tumor extensively and control the feeding arteries easily in spite of marked vascularity of the tumor. Retraction of the cerebellum was only minimal owing to the removal of the petrous bone. The tumor was excised not by piecemeal but in en block manner with preservation of all the cranial nerves but the glossopharyngeal nerve. To prevent postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, the following procedures were very useful; 'blind sack closure' of the external auditory canal, careful closure of the Eustachian tube, use of the pedicled muscle flap from the temporal and the sternocleidomastoid muscle, use of fibrin glue at the time of the wound closure, and placement of preventive spinal drainage. The patient was discharged with hoarseness and facial palsy. However these symptoms had almost completely disappeared within one year. He is working in the same occupation as before.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Antitumor activity of FK973 for malignant gliomas and its assessment for normal brain cells].

FK973, a novel antitumor antibiotic, was obtained as a fermentation product of Streptomyces sandaensis. FK973 had excellent cytotoxic effects against in vitro cultured human glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, and murine glioma (203 glioma) cells. The antitumor effects were also well observed against ACNU resistant glioma cells. FK973 did not go through the blood-brain barrier. The median survival time (MST) of MG models treated with FK973 was 21 days. On the other hand, the MST of the control group was 15 days. In the in vitro assessment against neural disturbance, FK973 showed a little disturbance of murine brain cells but less toxic than ADM. In the in vivo neurotoxicity examination, FK973 showed no clear damage to the neural cells and myelin sheaths.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Scrotal scintigraphy in varicocele compared with physical examination and venography].

Scrotal scintigraphy using a gamma-camera and 740 MBq of 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin was performed on 43 patients with suspected varicocele. In 39 patients (37 left-sided, 2 bilateral) with proven varicoceles, sensitivities by the static and dynamic images were 92.3% and 51.3%, respectively. There were no false positive cases in either image (4 cases with no varicocele). It has been suggested that static images are useful for the detection of varicocele in infertile men. A comparison between the static and clinical grades showed that the static grades appeared to become higher in proportion to the clinical grades. A comparison between the static grades and the diameter of the internal spermatic vein (ISV) showed that the mean value of the diameter of the ISV in SG 1, SG 2 and SG 3 was 4.1 +/- 0.66 mm, 5.1 +/- 0.68 mm, and 6.2 +/- 0.79 mm, respectively. Patients with higher static grades had ISVs of significantly larger diameter (SG 1 vs SG 2; p less than 0.05, SG2 vs SG3; p less than 0.01, SG 1 vs SG 3; p less than 0.01, t-test). A comparison between the dynamic images and the degree of reflux in the ISV showed that patients with positive dynamic images had a significantly greater degree of reflux (p less than 0.01, Chi-square test). From these observations, scintigraphic findings would reflect the degree of reflux in the ISV, the diameter of ISV, and the size of the varicocele. Furthermore, from the remarkable changes between pre- and post-therapeutic findings on the scintigrams, therapeutic effects could be easily and objectively assessed by scintigraphy.

Adolescent↗